带主动控制技术飞机平尾机动载荷计算研究

研究了采用主动控制技术飞机飞行参数对平尾机动载荷的影响,包括带纵向控制电传操纵系统和“硬连接”状态,气动特性考虑弹性修正和不考虑弹性修正等方案。给出了这些状态下飞行参数的变化规律,计算了这些状态平尾的机动载荷,得到了一些规律性的结论,可以用于飞机型号设计中。     

弹性飞机结构动载荷应用研究

民用、军用飞机结构设计规范要求对于弹性飞机必须采用动态分析方法确定结构各部分的飞行载荷,分析中须计及飞机的气动力(非定常、定常)、结构动力(弹性力、惯性力)与飞行控制系统之间存在的耦合。文中对实际飞行中升降舵机动、升降舵自动驾驶遭遇突风情况下机体结构动力响应进行了计算分析,探讨结构动载荷预计中的建模技术,评估了舵面激励对弹性飞机动载荷的影响,对飞行状态中飞机动载荷分析相关工作有借鉴意义。     

大型飞机机动载荷减缓控制系统设计与仿真

为了有效降低飞机机翼根部弯矩和减轻结构重量,针对我国大型飞机中的机动载荷减缓控制系统进行了设计与仿真分析验证,根据实际飞机结构特点提出了一种传感器布局方案,建立了升降舵、副翼、扰流片等独立偏转的仿真分析模型,在常规控制律的基础上,基于控制分配方法进行直接升力控制,仿真结果表明：所设计的系统能够实现机动载荷的减缓,并使得...     

弹性飞机纵向稳定性分析

本文讨论弹性飞机的纵向稳定性问题。包括带与不带飞行控制系统两种情况。文中通过算例,分析讨论弹性飞机的总体运动模态和弹性运动振型之间的藕合以及弹性飞机本身和飞行控制系统之间的耦合。分析与计算表明,带有飞行的控制系统的飞机,其结构弹性变形运动对纵向稳定性的影响,即使对于算例中的“小”飞机,也是不可忽视的。飞机的弹性影响,不但会降低飞机的飞行品质,有时还会引起飞机与系统之间的耦合不稳定。     

基于超静定配平的机动载荷控制风洞试验

介绍了俯仰机动载荷减缓(MLA)在某运输类飞机缩比风洞试验模型上的应用,旨在通过风洞试验研究一种基于超静定配平原理的机动载荷控制方法。首先,对模型飞机纵向超静定配平方法进行了研究并从理论上揭示通过其减缓机动载荷的基本原理;然后,依据超静定配平原理设计了MLA控制律,通过反馈模型飞机等效过载驱动副翼偏转减小机翼载荷,同时偏转升降舵来保持飞机的俯仰机动性能;最后,依次实施了超静定配平试验,气动伺服弹性稳定性试验以及机动载荷减缓试验,分别用以确定MLA控制律参数,检查控制系统稳定性以及获取俯仰机动时的系统响应。试验结果表明:在MLA控制律作用下,机翼根部弯矩增量比MLA控制律关闭时减小了10%以上,而模型飞机的俯仰机动性能基本保持不变;MLA控制律的加入使控制增稳系统稳定性略有下降;通过超静定配平试验确定MLA控制参数的方法有效提升了MLA控制律设计可靠性,使翼根弯矩减缓量接近目标值。研究工作为运输类飞机的机动载荷控制设计与试验提供了一种可行途径。     

考虑弹性和紊流影响的人机闭环特性分析

本文对Kleinman等人采用现代控制论的最优化技术所提出的驾驶员最优控制模型,从研究飞机纵向飞行品质规范的角度做了较为详细的论证和探讨。该模型分析了B-1飞机的弹性模态干扰对刚体动力学特性及飞机操纵品质的影响,同时分析了大气紊流对J-7飞机操纵品质的影响.计算结果证明了该模型可在飞机初始设计阶段用于分析飞机飞行品质。     

LQG控制理论在阵风载荷减缓系统中的应用

针对D ryden频谱函数,通过有理谱成形理论,建立了阵风的线性化模型。明确了阵风对飞机的扰动机理后,以某型飞机为对象,建立了包括阵风过程、舵机系统和飞机模型的纵向动力学増广模型。以该增广模型为设计对象,应用LQG控制理论,设计了阵风载荷减缓系统。仿真结果表明,该系统能有效减缓阵风对飞行过载的影响。     

弹性飞机跨声速机动载荷计算方法

基于跨声速非定常气动力求解的重叠场源法,开展了弹性飞机跨声速机动载荷计算方法研究,为现代飞机结构强度设计提供更加可靠和精确的临界载荷计算方法。首先通过采用重叠场源法求解关于62%根弦俯仰振荡的LANN机翼在马赫数为0.822的非定常气动力并与实验结果进行对比,验证了重叠场源法对跨声速激波效应预测和非定常气动力计算的能力;其次应用频域气动力有理近似技术拟合场源法计算得到的广义气动力系数矩阵,建立了机动载荷分析的状态空间模型;然后完成了某型民用飞机俯仰机动载荷分析,研究了俯仰机动飞行情况下飞机机体状态量及飞机部件载荷响应规律。计算结果表明：考虑机体弹性变形后,机翼和平尾气动载荷响应最大值分别减小了5.1%和10.6%,升降舵气动载荷响应最大值增大了16.2%,在飞机结构强度设计中必须考虑机体弹性效应对飞机部件载荷的影响。     

民用飞机阵风载荷及减缓技术的研究

由于民用飞机机翼具有大展弦比的特点,因此阵风载荷经常成为民用飞机飞行载荷的严重情况,是各国适航标准重点考察的飞行情况。而且,阵风干扰还会因飞机机体的自身弹性引起结构弹性振动,使飞机结构刚度降低,造成机体疲劳损伤,甚至引起颤振。因此,在民用飞机载荷设计过程中对阵风载荷及其减缓技术进行研究具有非常重要的意义。介绍了民用飞机阵风载荷的原理及相关技术,以及阵风载荷减缓技术中用直接升力控制方法来实现机翼的阵风载荷减缓。     

纵向机动载荷设计系统

纵向机动载荷设计系统是按国军标计算飞机纵向机动载荷的有效的系统软件,主要用于L8飞机及同类飞机的飞行载荷计算。该系统包含5个部分:(1)基本参数处理;(2)机动载荷计算;(3)压力分布计算;(4)严重载荷筛选;(5)实验修正。     

Augmented flight dynamics model for pilot workload evaluation in tilt-rotor aircraft optimal landing procedure after one engine failure

An augmented flight dynamics model is developed to extend the existing flight dynamics model of tilt-rotor aircraft for optimal landing procedure analysis in the event of one engine failure.Compared with the existing flight dynamics model, the augmented model involves with more pilot control information in cockpit and is validated against the flight test data. Based on the augmented flight dynamics model, the optimal landing procedure of XV-15 tilt-rotor aircraft after one engine failure is formulated into a Nonlinear Optimal Control Problem(NOCP), solved by collocation and numerical optimization method. The time histories of pilot controls in cockpit during the optimal landing procedure are obtained for the evaluation of pilot workload. An evaluation method which can synthetically quantify the pilot workload in time and frequency domains is proposed with metrics of aggressiveness and cutoff frequencies of pilot controls. The scale of the pilot workload is compared with those of the shipboard landing procedures, bob-up/bob-down and dash/quickstop maneuvers of UH-60 helicopter. The results show that the aggressiveness of pilot collective and longitudinal controls for the tilt-rotor aircraft optimal landing procedure after one engine failure are higher than those for UH-60 helicopter shipboard landing procedures up to the condition of sea state 4, while the pilot cutoff frequency of collective control is lower than that of the bob-up/bob-down maneuver but the pilot cutoff frequency of longitudinal control is higher than that of the dash/quick-stop maneuver. The evaluated pilot workload level is between Cooper–Harper HQR Level 2 and Level 3.     

Optimal Aircraft Go?Around and Flare Maneuvers

This paper analyzes in detail two of the critical aircraft maneuvers associated with approach and landing: the go-around maneuver and the flare maneuver. Optimal solutions that include state and control variable constraints are obtained for both problems. Two algorithms are given for computation of the minimum and maximum altitude loss associated with the pilot-controlled go-around maneuver. A matrix operator is obtained that can be used for in-flight computation of the altitude loss on a small general-purpose digital computer. The flare optimization presented is for a cost functional that includes both the longitudinal touchdown dispersion and the normal acceleration. A closed-loop mechanization is given that approximates the optimal trajectory. A second matrix operator which can be used for prediction of the longitudinal touchdown point is obtained. Uncertainties are also obtained for the purpose of establishing a prediction confidence level. It is proposed that these prediction techniques should be incorporated into a decision making performance monitor. This monitor could provide the pilot with a continuous assessment of the approach and could generate a preflare decision on whether or not to commit the aircraft to the flare maneuver.     

民用飞机控制律对偏航机动载荷影响分析

飞机机动过程中方向舵快速大幅偏转会使方向舵和垂尾上产生较大气动载荷并传递到后机身,导致 驾驶员来回往复蹬舵造成安全事故。针对 CCAR-25部25.351条规定的偏航机动情况及 CS-25部25.353规定的偏航机动新条款——方向舵往复偏转,本文首先对两种偏航机动条款分别进行分析;然后考虑控制律进行 偏航机动情况机动仿真计算;最后通过比较分析飞机响应运动参数及垂尾载荷计算结果,并分析控制律对偏航 机动载荷的影响。结果表明:对于偏航机动,考虑控制律后飞机的响应幅度有所缓减,导致垂尾载荷有所降低; 对于偏航机动新条款,由于方向舵反向偏转导致侧滑角贡献和方向舵偏度贡献垂尾载荷两者叠加,从而导致垂 尾载荷大幅增加;P-Beta控制律有效降低了方向舵往复偏转的垂尾载荷。     

带有机动襟翼的飞机在下击暴流中的特性分析

本文建立了任意风场中带有机动襟翼的飞机的纵向小扰动模型,研究了在下击暴流中,机动襟翼对飞机动态特性的影响,以及接通或断开机动襟翼控制系统的瞬间飞机的稳定性。所得结果对带机动襟翼的飞机的设计有一定参考价值。     

基于LQR的飞机纵向控制律设计

介绍了最优二次型理论 LQR,以及加权矩阵 Q的选取。建立了某型固定翼飞机的纵向小扰动方程,利用显模型最优二次型法设计了飞机的纵向控制律,对飞机的 C*响应进行了改善。利用低阶等效系统方法,对飞机的法向过载和俯仰角速率进行拟配,并对设计的控制律进行飞行品质的评价,仿真结果表明所设计的控制律符合 而现代控制理论可以得到系统的状态变量模型,相比éêê ê? GJB 185-86的相关规范。     

A Decision?Directed Adaptive Tracker

In the design of a tracking filter for air traffic control (ATC) applications, a maneuvering aircraft can be modelled by a linear system with random noise accelerations. A Kalman filter tracker, designed on the basis of a variance chosen according to the distribution of the potential maneuver accelerations, will maintain track during maneuvers and provide some improvement in position accuracy. However, during those portions of the flight path where the aircraft is not maneuvering, the tracking accuracy will not be as good as if no acceleration noise had been allowed in the tracking filter. In this paper, statistical decision theory is used to derive an optimal test for detecting the aircraft maneuver; a more practical suboptimal test is then deduced from the optimal test. As long as no maneuver is declared, a simpler filter, based on a constant-velocity model, is used to track the aircraft. When a maneuver is detected, the tracker is reinitialized using stored data, up-dated to the present time, and then normal tracking is resumed as new data arrives. In essence, the tracker performs on the basis of a piecewise linear model in which the breakpoints are defined on-line using the maneuver detector. Simulation results show that there is a significant improvement in tracking capability using the decision-directed adaptive tracker.     

Identification and standardization of maneuvers based upon operational flight data

To find a way of loads analysis from operational flight data for advanced aircraft,maneuver identification and standardization jobs are conducted in this paper. For thousands of sorties from one aircraft, after studying the flight attitude when performing actions, the start and end time of the maneuvers can be determined. According to those time points, various types of maneuvers during the flight are extracted in the form of multi-parameters time histories. By analyzing the numerical range and curve shape of those parameters, a characteristic data library is established to model all types of maneuvers. Based on this library, a computer procedure using pattern-recognition theory is programmed to conduct automatic maneuver identification with high accuracy. In that way, operational loads are classified according to maneuver type. For a group of identified maneuvers of the same type, after the processes of time normalization, trace shifting, as well as averaging and smoothing, the idealization standard time history of each maneuver type is established.Finally, the typical load statuses are determined successfully based on standard maneuvers. The proposed method of maneuver identification and standardization is able to derive operational loads effectively, and might be applied to monitoring loads in Individual Aircraft Tracking Program(IATP).