射频等离子体球化TiAl合金粉末特性研究

采用水冷铜坩埚感应熔炼制备了名义成分为Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-0.2W-0.2B-0.02Y( at％)的大尺寸铸锭,经机械破碎后,采用流化床气流磨和射频等离子体球化工艺制备出高铌TiAl合金粉末,并研究了其特性.结果表明,采用上述工艺可大量制备出球形度高、粒度可控的高铌TiAl合金粉末;粉末的氧含量随粒度的细化而...     

非晶晶化制备细晶TiAl基合金

采用X ray衍射,DTA以及扫描电镜分析了Ti 50at%Al元素混合粉末高能球磨和热压过程中的结构演变和致密TiAl基合金的显微结构。结果表明,Ti 50at%Al粉末经过100h的高能球磨后转化为无序非晶相,Ti和Al元素粉末在机械合金化过程中的结构演变为:Ti Al→Ti(Al)过饱和固溶体(hcp)→非晶相。Ti 50at%Al非晶粉末在随后的热压过程中发生晶化,得到晶粒尺寸约为0.5μm的细晶TiAl基合金。Ti 50at%Al非晶的晶化过程为:非晶相→无序α相(hcp)→γ TiAl相( α2 Ti3Al相),其中α相是由无序非晶相向有序γ TiAl相转化过程中的介稳相。根据热压后γ TiAl相的不规则块状形貌推测α→γ TiAl转变的机制可能为块型转变。     

TiAl金属间化合物粉末冶金制备技术研究

用气体雾化制粉技术成功制备了Ti-46Al-2Cr-2Nb-0.2B-0.1W球形预合金粉末,粉末中的氧和氢的质量分数分别为0.059%和0.001%,粉末的粒度呈正态分布,粒度主要分布在50-190μm。采用热等静压技术将该预合金粉末制备成了致密的TiAl系金属间化合物,组织比较细小、均匀,热处理后材料的延伸率达到了2.5%。     

置氢钛合金粉末模压成形-烧结改性机理

采用置氢TC4钛合金粉末模压成形+保护气氛下烧结工艺,研究了置氢TC4合金粉末模压成形-烧结后合金的组织性能的变化规律,提出了采用置氢钛合金粉末成形与钛合金热氢处理技术相结合的新工艺路线制备合金.结果表明:随着置氢量的增加和烧结温度的升高,置氢TC4合金粉末模压成形烧结体致密度均呈逐渐增高趋势;烧结体组织由明显的魏氏体...     

CuSn预合金对金属粉末选区激光烧结过程及烧结体质量的影响

研究了CuSn预合金对Cu基金属粉末和Ni基金属粉末选区激光烧结的影响。结果表明,对于Cu-CuSn-CuP和Ni-CuSn-CuP两类合金粉末,通过合理控制激光工艺参数(特别是激光功率和扫描速率),能顺利实现粉末烧结成形,且无明显的"球化"效应和翘曲变形。对于Cu-CuSn-CuP合金,由于结构金属Cu的熔点相对较低,在一定的工艺条件下,可以通过调整CuSn的配比,得到致密的显微组织均匀的烧结件;而对于Ni-CuSn-CuP合金,结构金属Ni的熔点相对较高,虽然也可以得到较为致密的烧结件,但其微观组织存在明显的不均匀性。     

粉末冶金γ-TiAl系合金的性能及成形工艺

利用预合金球形粉末,制备了高性能的粉末冶金TiAl系合金材料,对其性能和微观组织做了测试和分析,并介绍了粉末冶金γ-TiAl系合金的钎焊工艺和研制的部分典型样件.研究结果发现:粉末冶金TiAl系合金具有较高的力学性能、细小的微观组织和优异的抗氧化性能,能够成为研制某些飞行器的备选材料.     

机械合金化Al－Fe－Ni粉末热静液挤压致密工艺研究

本文探讨了机械合金化Ａｌ－４．９Ｆｅ－４．９Ｎｉ粉末的无包套脱气封焊或烧结的直接经热静液挤压致密的可能性．同时研究了挤压比、挤压温度和粉末硬度对挤压力和合金性能的影响，以及获得接近理论密度的挤压棒材的工艺条件。结果表明，热静液挤压工艺可以使机械合金化粉末致密化而获得接近理论密度的挤压棒材。玻璃石墨挤压介质可有效地防止粉末压坯的进一步氧化，而使挤压棒具有优异的性能。     

机械合金化Al—Fe—Ni粉末热静液挤压致密工艺研究

本文探讨了机械合金化Ａｌ－４．９Ｆｅ－４．９Ｎｉ粉末的无包套脱气封焊或烧结的直接经热静液挤压致密的可能性，同时研究了挤压比、挤压温度和粉末硬度对挤压力和合金性能的影响，以及获得接近理论密度的挤压棒材的工艺条件。结果表明，热静液挤压工艺可以使机械合金化粉末致密化而获得接近理论密度的挤压棒材。玻璃石墨挤压介质可有效地防止粉末压坯的进一步氧化，而使挤压棒具有优异的性能。     

亚微米晶NiAl-Al2O3复合材料的制备及其烧结-锻造短流程成形

以Ni粉和Al粉为原料,通过机械合金化和真空热压烧结制备了高致密的NiAl-5％Al2O3(体积分数,下同)复合材料,并利用烧结-锻造技术制成了该材料的前缘模拟件.机械球磨后,粉末颗粒充分细化,Ni和Al发生原位反应,并最终生成NiAl-5％Al2O3复合材料粉末.经1300℃真空热压烧结,获得致密的NiAl-Al2O...     

合金元素Y对高铌TiAl高温合金长期抗氧化性的影响

研究不同含Y量对高铌TiAl合金在900℃恒温条件下,1000h的抗氧化性的影响.结果发现,从长期看,氧化速率、氧化膜结构以及氧化膜抗剥落能力均与Y含量有关.在900℃等温氧化条件下,0.4 at%Y含量能有效提高高铌TiAl合金的抗氧化性,而高Y含量对与抗氧化性的负面影响在氧化初始阶段已经十分明显.通过对氧化后样品SEM和EDS分析发现,适量Y元素的加入可以细化氧化物颗粒,促使合金表面形成连续Al2O3保护膜,提高氧化膜与合金基体的粘附性,从而提高高铌TiAl合金的高温长期抗氧化性.     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。