Results of Kirari optical communication demonstration experiments with NICT optical ground station (KODEN) aiming for future classical and quantum communications in space

Bi-directional ground-to-satellite laser communication experiments were successfully performed between the optical ground station developed by the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), located in Koganei City in suburban Tokyo, and a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite, the “Kirari” Optical Inter-orbit Communications Engineering Test Satellite (OICETS). The experiments were conducted in cooperation with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), and called the Kirari Optical communication Demonstration Experiments with the NICT optical ground station (or KODEN). The ground-to-OICETS laser communication experiment was the first in-orbit demonstration involving the LEO satellite. The laser communication experiment was conducted since March 2006. The polarization characteristics of an artificial laser source in space, such as Stokes parameters, and the degree of polarization were measured through space-to-ground atmospheric transmission paths, which results contribute to the link estimation for quantum key distribution via space and provide the potential for enhancements in quantum cryptography on a global scale in the future. The Phase-5 experiment, international laser communications experiments were also successfully conducted with four optical ground stations located in the United States, Spain, Germany, and Japan from April 2009 to September 2009. The purpose of the Phase-5 experiment was to establish OICETS-to-ground laser communication links from the different optical ground stations and the statistical analyses such as the normalized power, scintillation index, probability density function, auto-covariance function, and power spectral density were performed. Thus the applicability of the satellite laser communications was demonstrated, aiming not only for geostationary earth orbit-LEO links but also for ground-to-LEO optical links. This paper presents the results of the KODEN experiments and mainly introduces the common analyses among the different optical ground stations.     

基于量子遗传算法的无人飞行器航迹规划

基于量子计算和量子理论,提出了一种基于量子遗传算法的无人机航迹规划方法 。该方法利用表征量子叠加态的量子比特对航迹进行编码,引入具有量子特性的量子交叉算 子和量子门变异调整策略,对航迹规划中代价函数进行优化,引导并实现航迹的规划选择。 仿真试验结果表明,该方法不仅具有良好的种群多样性,而且还可以有效地提高算法的空 间搜索和收敛能力。
     

地球同步轨道星地量子信道特性研究

为了研究地球同步轨道量子密钥分发过程中星地量子信道特性,项目团队研制了搭载于实践二十卫星的极弱光偏振态分发设备,开展了地球同步轨道卫星与地面间光子偏振态的传输实验.实验时,星载偏振光分发设备根据遥控指令以50MHz频率驱动四个激光器出光,分发|0>、|π/2>、|π/4>和π3π/4>四种偏振态光子,经过长距离的空间传...     

QPS信号在大气空间中的衰减特性分析

量子定位系统（QPS）是一种高精度安全的定位技术。阐述了量子定位原理,重点分析了QPS信号在大气空间中的传输特性,得出不同波长在不同通信距离下信号的衰减,计算了一定波长不同能见度下实现QPS定位的通信距离。根据研究,可选择合适的波长以减小大气的吸收、散射及湍流对信号的影响,设计合适的卫星高度和基线长度提高其定位精度。所做的研究可为实际设计QPS定位系统提供理论参考依据。     

Revisiting Perspective-Taking: Can People Maintain Imagined Perspectives?

Abstract

Three experiments were conducted to examine whether people can adopt and maintain imagined perspectives in the absence of target information. The task used entailed providing information about an imagined perspective in advance of target information to examine whether this would facilitate perspective-taking performance and reduce or eliminate alignment effects that are commonly reported in the literature. The three experiments employed different types of spatial environments: an environment learned from navigating a computer screen (Experiment 1), and an immersive environment that was either remote (Experiment 2) or immediate (Experiment 3) at the time of retrieval. Across the three experiments, results showed that information about an imagined perspective can be utilized ahead of target information. Furthermore, they suggested that alignment effects can be reduced as a result of processing information about perspective ahead of target information, but only when reasoning about specific nonimmediate spatial relations (Experiments 1 and 2). Results are discussed in connection with previous findings on spatial updating and the organizational structure of spatial memory.     

The Brazilian scientific microsatellite SACI-1

The National Space Research Institute (INPE) is developing the first Brazilian Scientific Microsatellite (SACI-1) based on the vanguard technology and on the experience acquired through projects developed by Brazilian Space Program. The SACI-1 is a 750km polar orbit satellite. The spacecraft will combine spin stabilization with geomagnetic control and has a total mass of 60 kg. The overall dimensions are 640×470×470 mm. The SACI-1 satellite shall be launched together with CBERS (China-Brazil Earth Resource Satellite). Its platform is being designed for multiple mission applications. The Brazilian Academy of Sciences has selected four scientific payloads that characterize the mission. The scientific experiments are: ORCAS (Solar and Anomalous Cosmic Rays Observation in the Magnetosphere), PLASMEX (Study of Plasma Bubbles), FOTSAT (Airglow Photometer), and MAGNEX (Geomagnetic Experiment).     

量子级联技术研究进展：从光源到探测

量子级联技术基于多量子阱或超晶格结构中的子带跃迁和共振隧穿理论,既可以产生光源,又可以探测光信号,是量子级联激光器（QCL）和量子级联探测器（QCD）的理论基石,在检测、遥感、通信、雷达等领域具有广泛的应用前景。经过最近三十年的研究,量子级联技术在基础研究、产品性能以及应用系统研发和场景试验方面都取得了重大进展。本文首先简要介绍了量子级联技术的原理和发展历史,随后阐述了量子级联器件子带能级结构和电子输运动力学计算思路,接着重点综述了量子级联技术的研究进展,包括中远红外高功率QCL、中远红外宽调谐QCL、太赫兹QCL、高性能QCD,以及QCL和QCD的单芯片光子集成方面的内容,最后介绍了QCL和QCD的产品与应用情况。     

Prioritized Spatial Updating in the Intrinsic Frame of Reference

In order to maintain valid situation awareness, people need to update the spatial representations of their surroundings as objects, including themselves, move. The present study investigates the properties of spatial updating in the intrinsic frame of reference, where spatial relations are represented with respect to an external object (other than the viewer self) with an intrinsic reference direction. Three experiments were conducted using a task of direction pointing. It was found that given a relatively stable intrinsic reference direction, responses to a small number of salient objects were faster than responses to non-salient objects (Experiment 1 and Experiment 3). The salience effect disappeared when the intrinsic reference direction was no longer stable (Experiment 2). Furthermore, all three experiments revealed a type of orientation dependence similar to that found in egocentric spatial updating. Our results indicate that spatial updating in the intrinsic reference system can be easy only if a fixed reference direction is maintained and the number of objects that need to be tracked is limited.     

星载加速度计数据在卫星定轨中的应用

基于传统的动力学法,以加速度计数据替代非保守力加速度,提出了一种用加速度计数据进行卫星精密定轨的模型。用美喷气推进实验室(JPL)提供的GRACE星星载加速度计实测数据进行了验证。结果表明,用加速度计可获得较准确的卫星瞬时加速度,其积分轨道的误差小于纯力学模型,从而提高卫星定轨精度。但由于动力学定轨法的固有特点,其定轨误差会随时间而增大。     

Seeing the Forest or the Trees? Shifting Categorical Effects in Map Memory

People use spatial and nonspatial information to structure memory for an environment. Two experiments explored interactions between spatial and social categories on map memory when mediated by retrieval (Experiment 1) and encoding (Experiment 2) demands. Participants studied a map depicting business locations (including proprietors' race). In Experiment 1, participants completed two memory tasks, one globally focused and the other locally focused. The global task compressed, while the local task expanded, within-category similarity. Furthermore, processing styles carried over to the subsequent task. Experiment 2 emphasized either the spatial or social category during encoding, which increased that category's weighting in memory. These results extend the work of Maddox, Rapp, Brion, and Taylor, suggesting that retrieval and encoding demands can shift how these categories affect spatial memory.     

敏捷成像卫星调度的改进量子遗传算法

针对敏捷成像卫星调度问题中解空间大,选择任务的搜索空间和确定任务观测时间的搜索空间分别是离散域和连续域的难题。建立了多种决策变量混合的敏捷成像卫星调度模型,提出一种改进的量子遗传算法对其求解,改进的量子遗传算法采用二进制与实数杂合的编码方式,降低染色体的基因位编码数目,提高了搜索效率,有效适应了敏捷成像卫星调度问题中离散与连续混合的解空间;以杂合编码为基础,设计对应的观测函数将敏捷成像卫星调度问题的解映射到相位空间,从而将量子优化机制引入敏捷成像卫星调度问题中,利用量子遗传算法在相位空间搜索的特性解决敏捷成像卫星解空间大、解空间离散与连续并存的问题。最后,通过不同规模的仿真校验对算法的调度效果进行测试和分析。结果表明,所提改进的量子遗传算法在收敛速度和方案收益方面都有较好的表现,能够满足敏捷成像卫星调度的需要。     

量子力学中的Heisenberg测不准原理的数学推导以及在小波分析中的应用

从傅里叶变换的定义出发,利用时变信号的短时傅里叶变换,推导出量子力学中的Heisenberg测不准原理,说明了两者之间存在这种联系的必然性,并给出了测不准原理在小波分析中的应用举例。     

单向M40/环氧648复合材料层板的破坏模式分析

M4 0 /环氧 6 48复合材料是目前应用于卫星结构的主要材料之一 ,根据工程应用实际需要 ,对单向层板性能进行了有关力学性能实验且还对其破坏模式进行了初步分析。     

卫星组播多组共享密钥管理方案

现有的多组组密钥管理方案应用于大型动态卫星多组组播环境时,受卫星资源的限制,密钥管理效率成为瓶颈。设计了一种卫星多组组密钥管理方案SMGKM（Satellite Multiple Group Key Management）,根据对组播源的访问能力对用户进行分组,并在子组中设置子组管理者,通过构造组播密钥管理图和子组密钥管理结构进行多组组密钥管理,具有良好的前向和后向安全性,与现有典型方案相比,SMGKM有效降低了卫星的通信和存储开销,更适合大型动态卫星多组组密钥管理。     

SSETO—Small Satellite for Exoplanetary Transit Observation

SSETO is the result of a phase-A study in context of the small satellite program of the University of Stuttgart that demonstrates the capability of a university institute to build a small satellite with a budget of 5 million Euro. The satellite will be capable of observing exoplanets in a Neptune–Earth scale and obtaining data of interstellar dust. Due to a system failure of NASA?s Kepler mission, there is currently (October 2013) a lack of satellites searching for exoplanets. This paper details the design of subsystems and payload, as well as the required test tasks in accordance with the mission profile at a conceptional level. The costs for standard spacecraft testing and integration tasks are included, but not those of launch, ground support, operations and engineer working hours.     

Children's control of reference systems in spatial tasks: Foundations of spatial cognitive skill?

Two experiments are presented, one that focused on the abilities of 3- through 8-year-old children to use frames of reference as means for solving a search task in a small-scale perceived space and one that focused on the abilities of 8- through 11-year-old children to use different frames of reference to answer questions about the locations of objects in an environment they had read about. Experiment 1 revealed developmental improvement in the consistent application of object-, place-, and viewer-based frames of reference, with scale of space impacting the pattern of age-related improvement. Experiment 2 showed that young readers' first successes with switching from one reference system to another in representational space involved a vantage point perspective, a viewer-based ``gaze tour' of a small-scale area. Although disparate in focus and method, the studies point to the need for a new theoretical framework for examining developmental issues in the application of spatial frames of reference.     

Egocentric frames of reference used for the retrieval of survey knowledge learned by map and navigation

Two experiments are reported that use a ``point-to-unseen-targets' task to study the role of egocentric reference frames in the retrieval of survey knowledge learned from either studying a map or navigating an environment. In Experiment 1, performance was generally consistent with the hypothesis that map knowledge is retrieved using a frame of reference centered on the eye, characterized by (a) a fixed orientation in a ``frontal representational plane' and (b) equal access to spatial relations both in front of, or above, and behind, or below, a right-left retrieval axis. The results of Experiment 2 were consistent with the hypothesis that environment knowledge is retrieved within a frame of reference centered on the body, characterized by (a) flexible orientation within a ``transverse representational plane' and (b) privileged access to spatial relations located in front of the right-left retrieval axis in representational space. Both types of knowledge function as if they preserve information about the Euclidean angles connecting elements in physical space.     

量子光谱成像技术及其在对地观测中的应用前景

综述了量子光谱成像技术的发展概况,简述了量子光谱成像原理的理论,详细介绍了纠缠双光子源的鬼成像,亚波长干涉以及热光的无透镜成像和热光的非定域双缝干涉实验及其原理。最后对量子光谱成像技术在未来的军用和民用对地观测的应用方面做出了展望。     

卫星动平台下动态门控调度的设计与实现

当运动节点构成的大规模动态平台执行分布式协作任务时,如何保证关键数据通信的实时性和确定性,这是一项新的挑战。文章以时间敏感网络（time sensitive networking,TSN）技术为背景,结合卫星构成的分布式动态通信平台上的链路特性,基于TSN中的门控调度技术,提出了一种适用于卫星链路场景下的动态调度算法。通过改进TAS（time aware shaper）调度算法,减少卫星动平台因通信距离动态变化以及空间摄动等因素造成的传输时延,从而增加动平台上卫星通信系统的确定性。同时根据动态卫星链路周期性运动特征,提出周期性门控调度机制,保证所有周期内相同时间点的门控调度一致。最后通过现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）设计的验证测试结果表明,提出的TAS改进方案可以适用于卫星网络的确定性调度,充分发挥时间敏感网络的优势。