稠密气固两相流颗粒质量流量测量方法研究

为解决粉末火箭发动机和粉末冲压发动机供粉系统冷流标定过程中颗粒质量流量的测量问题,提出了一种稠密气固两相流中颗粒质量流量的测量方法,并基于旋风分离器和电子天平运用该方法设计了一套气固两相流中固体质量流量的测量装置,同时运用粉末火箭发动机的供粉系统对该测量方法和装置的测试性能进行了实验验证研究。结果表明:测量装置的粉末收集效率可高达98.5%以上,为固体颗粒的质量流量测量提供了保障;测量方法具有较好的可靠性和测量精度,其测量结果相对误差低于3%;测量方法具有较好的测量稳定性,重复性实验中测量结果相对误差低于2%;通过改变旋风分离器结构设计等参数,可拓宽测量方法的适用范围。     

On a possibility of delivery of samples of primordial matter from asteroids of the main belt by a spacecraft with electric propulsion

The possibilities of an expedition to asteroids of the Main belt with the goal of obtaining samples of their matter using a spacecraft with a small-thrust electric propulsion, which is under development as a part of the Fobos-Grunt project, are considered. Obtaining matter from different regions of the Solar system is necessary in order to understand its origin and the structure of the Earth. Approximate estimates are made for the flights of spacecraft with electric propulsion and different power of solar batteries, and with perturbation maneuver near Mars for expeditions to the Main asteroid belt, including its middle part.     

Moving of a blunt body through the dense atmosphere under conditions of severe aerodynamic heating and ablation

Consideration is given for radiative-convective heat transfer in the vicinity of stagnation streamline in the bow shock layer of blunt body moving through the dense atmosphere at velocities up to 50 km/sec. It is shown that radiative fluxes on non-ablating body surface are subjected to an approximate similarity relations.The effects of gaseous ablation layer on radiative fluxes reaching the body surface is investigated. The results obtained are used to treat the available data on trajectories and light curves of bright fireballs.The treatment procedure proposed is shown to provide reliable estimates of the major meteorite parameters such as their mass, density and size.     

It''s all a matter of fact. After all, fact matters

The fourth annual ‘British Rocketry Oral History Project’ (BROHP) conference was held from 2 to 4 April 2002, again in the magnificent grounds of Charterhouse School in Surrey. The conference marked a new point in its brief history, enlarged in scope and depth to extend to a new audience; yet one point remained constant throughout, namely that ‘history matters’. This report discusses the themes of the 2002 conference.     

Anthropic selection for the Moon's mass

This paper investigates whether anthropic selection explains the unusually large size of our Moon. It is shown that obliquity stability of the Earth is possible across a wide range of different starting conditions for the Earth-Moon system. However, the lunar mass and angular momentum from the actual Earth-Moon system are remarkable in that they very nearly produce an unstable obliquity. This may be because the particular properties of our Earth-Moon system simultaneously allow a stable obliquity and a slow rotation rate. A slow rotation rate may have been anthropically selected because it minimizes the equator-pole temperature difference, thus minimizing climatic fluctuations. The great merit of this idea is that it can be tested using extrasolar planet search programs planned for the near future. If correct, such anthropic selection predicts that most extrasolar planetary systems will have significantly larger perturbation frequencies than our own Solar System.     

浅谈电视节目主持人的人格魅力

任何艺术最后的竞争,一定是人格的竞争。作为广播电视传播的参与者和直接体现者,作为社会主流思想、主流文化等的直接传播者,电视节目主持人在先进文化的传播中起着非常重要的引导、示范和影响作用。其人格魅力蕴含于节目主持和社会活动之中。目前,个别主持人在思想素质、爱心善心、学习态度以及责任感、正义感等方面存在诸多问题。不仅需要社会、媒体的共同关注,更需要电视节目主持人本身的自我学习、自我教育、自我修炼和自我净化。     

Motion of a descent capsule relative to its center of mass when deploying the orbital tether system

The spatial motion relative to the center of mass is considered for a capsule on an elastic tether, when it is unrolled from a spacecraft by a special program. The spacecraft is in a circular orbit and oriented relative to the local vertical, which is guaranteed by operation of its own stabilization system. Angular motion of the capsule relative to the tether direction is studied, and the main factors influencing the stability of this motion are analyzed. An approximate quasi-linear mathematical model of the capsule attitude motion is obtained, which allows one to estimate the influence of major disturbances of its motion. The results of numerical simulations are presented for characteristic cases of the capsule motion.     

Stability of resonance rotation of a satellite with respect to its center of mass in the orbit plane

The stability of resonance oscillations and rotations of a satellite in the plane of its orbit in the case when the difference of the moments of inertia with respect to the principal axes lying in the orbit plane is small is determined at a given rotation number m by the sign of function Φ_m(e), introduced by F.L. Chernous’ko in 1963. In this paper, convenient analytical representations of functions Φ_m(e) are described in the form of integrals and series of Bessel functions regular at e → 1^?. Values of Φ_m(1) are calculated in explicit form. A theorem about the double asymptotic form of functions Φ_m(e) at m → ∞ and e → 1^? is proved by the saddlepoint method.     

Ballistics of a nonfragmenting meteor body with allowance made for mass outflow in the non-isothermal atmosphere. I

The paper is devoted to studying the motion of meteor bodies with mass outflow in a planet’s atmosphere, taking into account the non-isothermal character of the latter. Analytical solutions are obtained at the constant parameter of mass outflow in the model of a nonfragmenting meteoroid. A theoretical analysis of the derived regularities of the ballistics of such bodies is presented.     

Topological model of the solar event including a flare and coronal mass ejection on October 19, 2001

Based on the analysis of a strong solar flare X1.6/2B on October 19, 2001 in the active region 9661, accompanied by a coronal mass ejection (CME) of the halo type, a topological model of development of this solar event is suggested. The model considers a unified process of development of CME and a chromosphere flare. According to the model, this process has a common source of energy supply: the turbulent current layer lying between the arcade of flare loops and the surface of CME going away. The structures on the ends of flare bands (SEFB) represent in this model chromosphere feet of the system of large-scale coronal magnetic arches at the initial stage of the dynamic processes whose evolution results in CME. Peripheral structures (PS) of the flare (elongated double bright emission strips beyond the limits of the active region) are interpreted as chromosphere bases of magnetic field lines that form an external shell (braid) of the CME at the late stage of the flare.     

天基海量电磁数据深度处理服务平台

当前电子侦察数据呈现爆炸式增长,如何挖掘电子侦察的潜力,提升应用效能是当前电子侦察技术研究面临的关键问题.海量电磁数据深度处理平台以大数据技术为手段,利用云存储、云计算构建海量电磁数据的大数据深度处理框架,通过数据抽取、知识图谱构建、数据规律挖掘等关键技术,实现基于电磁信息的战场目标状态与意图预测,可有效提高电子侦察在现代信息作战中的重要性,提升电磁情报对战略、战役、战术的支援能力.     

金属氢化物冷源传热传质分析

为了验证冷源系统是否能满足出舱航天服的需要，本文针对一套开放式金属氢化物冷源系统，建立数学模型，对其制冷和再生阶段的传热传质过程进行了分析。研究结果表明，金属氢化物热泵能够满足宇航员出舱活动中的散热要求，其体积与水升化器相当，质量损失小，并且能够通过控制反应床的压力调节出口水温，可控性良好，而在返回舱内后，调节冷却水流量，反应压比，可以使氢化物在30min内再生。     

On the stability of stationary motions of a system of coaxial bodies

We consider the stability of stationary motions of a model of a spacecraft as a system of coaxial bodies with small asymmetry caused by the shift of the axes of dynamic symmetry of bodies relative to the axis of rotation. We determine the stationary motions of the system; their stability is studied with respect to both the projections of angular velocity and the position of the axis of rotation. The sufficient conditions for the stability of these stationary motions are obtained by constructing a Lyapunov function, and the necessary conditions are obtained by analyzing the corresponding linearized equations of perturbed motion.     

On the one-body problem in the field of a tall cylinder in orbit

We describe the motion of a material point that is attracted by a tall, homogeneous cylinder. The cylinder moves on a circular orbit and points in the radial direction. The finite solution can be expanded in powers of two small parameters: the initial eccentricity of the orbital motion about the cylinder and the coupling parameter of the Coriolis force. Such expansions are given for the case of the indifferent longitudinal location. Solutions periodic in the polar angle are constructed. We do not find resonance effects or other large cumulative amplitude variations that might be due to the gravity-gradient and Coriolis force.     

On a lunar space elevator

We consider a space elevator system for lunar surface access that consists of a space station in circumlunar orbit, a cable reaching down to some meters above the surface and a magnetically levitated vehicle driven by a linear motor. It accelerates the load to be lifted to the speed of the cable end. Loads to be delivered are either put on the vehicle and slowed down by it or they are slowed down by a sand braking technique in a mare terrain. It is technically possible to operate this transport system nearly without fuel supply from Earth. We calculate various steel cable dimensions for a static stress maximum of $\text{1}\text{5}\text{th}$ of the tensile strength. The process of takeover is considered in detail. Five ways of eliminating the adverse large cable elongation due to the load are described. The touchdown process and behaviour of the cable after disconnection are analysed. The positive difference between the speed of the load at takeover and cable end can excite a large inplane swing motion. We propose to damp it by a dissipative pulley that hangs in a loop of wire leading to the ends of two beams mounted on the space station tangentially to the orbit, the pulley's core being connected with the load. Roll librations are damped by energy losses in the elastic beams; damping can be reinforced by viscous beam elements and/or controlled out-of-plane motions of the beams. We argue in favour of the possibility of fast deployment. The problems of vehicle vibrations and agglutination at sand braking blades are underlined and their combined experimental investigation is suggested.     

On the identification of a mixture of samples from two multivariate distributions

This paper presents some methods for the classification and the estimation of the mixing ratio of a sample from two populations. These methods can be used at the lowest levels of a decision tree in the analysis of multispectral satellite images. The proposed algorithms have been tested through numerical experiments.     

On the planar inertial motion of a system of three coupled bodies

Numerous papers are devoted to studying the motion of a system (coupling) of two bodies in the Earth’s satellite orbit ([1–4] and others). The problem on the planar inertial motion of three bodies, coupled by a non-extensible weightless string having the form of an unfastened chain, is considered in the paper. Such a configuration can be represented, for example, by a system of two coupled spacecraft rotating around their common center of mass (in order to simulate the gravity force) in long-term space missions, when the third body (the lift) is located on a connecting cable. The bodies are considered to be the material points (particles).     

Chemical mapping of proterozoic organic matter at submicron spatial resolution

A NanoSIMS ion microprobe was used to map the submicron-scale distributions of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, silicon, and oxygen in organic microfossils and laminae in a thin section of the approximately 0.85 billion year old Bitter Springs Formation of Australia. The data provide clues about the original chemistry of the microfossils, the silicification process, and the biosignatures of specific microorganisms and microbial communities. Chemical maps of fossil unicells and filaments revealed distinct wall- and sheath-like structures enriched in C, N, and S, consistent with their accepted biological origin. Surprisingly, organic laminae, previously considered to be amorphous, also exhibited filamentous and apparently compressed spheroidal structures defined by strong enrichments in C, N, and S. By analogy to NanoSIMS data from the well-preserved microfossils, these structures were interpreted as being of biological origin, most likely representing densely packed remnants of microbial mats. Given that the preponderance of organic matter in Precambrian sediments is similarly "amorphous," our findings indicate that a re-evaluation of ancient specimens via in situ structural, chemical, and isotopic study is warranted. Our analyses have led us to propose new criteria for assessing the biogenicity of problematic kerogenous materials, and, thus, these criteria can be applied to assessments of poorly preserved or fragmentary organic residues in early Archean sediments and any that might occur in meteorites or other extraterrestrial samples.