KM5A真空容器屈曲稳定有限元分析

文章从线弹性屈曲分析基本理论出发,应用有限元特征值屈曲的分析方法,对KM5A真空容器分6种工况进行了屈曲稳定研究,计算其临界载荷系数和临界载荷,通过对不同工况下屈曲波形图的比较分析,得到了影响薄壳稳定性的因素和提高薄壳容器稳定性的途径.     

振动、冲击环境下支架减振器刚度优化设计

文章在某型号的电子设备支架减振器设计中,综合考虑了振动、冲击两种主要的力学环境.以减振器刚度为设计变量,将刚度的倒数作为目标函数,根据振动、冲击环境设计要求确定了约束条件,建立了减振器刚度优化的数学模型.采用ANSYS作为优化设计的平台,随机振动响应分析采用振型叠加法,冲击响应分析采用Newmark时间积分法,对该问题进行了优化求解,取得了满意的结果,为电子学系统的减振设计提供了依据.     

基于模态参数和加速度频响函数的综合模型修正方法研究

文章提出了一种基于模态参数和加速度频响函数的综合动力学模型修正方法.该方法先是利用试验测量所得的模态数据来修正动力学模型的固有频率和振型,然后利用试验测量所得的加速度频响函数对动力学模型进行二次修正,使得修正后模型的固有频率和加速度频响函数与试验测量所得值相一致.该方法综合了模态法和频响函数法,数值算例表明,修正后结果比较理想.     

离轴抛物面反射镜低温环境下支撑技术及有限元分析

文章介绍了在模拟空间环境下使用的离轴抛物面反射镜的支撑结构.该结构利用吊带法有效地克服了反射镜自重引起的变形,并利用弹簧的弹性变形特性,解决了轴向约束机构在低温环境下引起的反射镜应变问题.文章运用有限元数值分析法,分别计算了支撑系统中反射镜自重、轴向约束力使反射镜产生的位移和应变.     

月球大气分子逃逸率的计算

文章从理论上计算了月球大气分子的逃逸率,解释了月球大气稀薄的原因.根据月岩和月壤放出的气体量与逃逸的气体量达到动态平衡的假定,说明了月球上大气密度昼夜的差异.     

卫星磁性仿真模型建立

卫星的磁性仿真主要包括卫星的磁矩仿真计算和卫星周围磁场的仿真计算.这两种仿真计算都是利用卫星部件的实际测量结果对卫星整星的磁矩及周围磁场进行预估.这些预估结果对于卫星整星的磁性设计、磁性测量、磁补偿起到指导作用,对于卫星的磁性控制有重要意义.     

研制空间实验室烟火检测和消防系统

文章介绍了美国空间站的烟火检测和消防系统,并对我国空间实验室烟火检测和消防系统的研制工作做了初步设想.     

空间磁环境模拟技术

空间磁环境模拟技术是航天器环境工程的重要组成部分,随着航天器研制水平的提高而逐步发展壮大,并已经服务于我国航天器的研制工作.文章重点介绍了磁环境模拟设备研制技术、磁试验技术和航天器磁洁净技术的发展历程.     

同轴源原子氧地面模拟设备实用性分析

文章简要叙述了原子氧地面模拟设备的基本要求,介绍了同轴源原子氧模拟设备的性能.从原子氧的能量及分布,通量密度的大小、均匀性、重复性,以及紫外辐照和原子氧同时作用、光学性能原位测量等方面,分析了设备的实用性.该设备以上性能和功能都接近空间实际,因而试验结果比较可靠.     

双星计划太阳电池壳降低磁场干扰的改进措施

文章通过试验和计算阐明"探测一号"卫星的周期性磁场干扰信号是来源于太阳电池壳,由于壳内表面的电流布线所致.通过对太阳电池壳背面电流走线方式进行改进,使改进后的"探测二号"卫星太阳电池壳的周期性变化磁场干扰有了很大程度的改善,达到了技术指标要求,保证了卫星飞行任务的圆满完成.     

Developing a Low-Velocity Collision Model Based on the Nasa Standard Breakup Model

We have conducted a series of low-velocity impact experiments to understand the dispersion properties of fragments newly created by low-velocity impacts possible in space, especially in geostationary Earth orbit. The test results are utilized to establish a mathematical prediction model to be used in debris generation and propagation codes. Since the expected collision velocity between catalogued objects in geostationary Earth orbit shows a peak at a few hundreds meters per second, these impact experiments were conducted at a velocity range lower than 300m/s. As a typical structure of satellites in geostationary Earth orbit, thin aluminum honeycomb sandwich panels with carbon fiber reinforced plastics face sheets were prepared, while the projectile was a stainless steel ball of 9mm diameter. The data collected through these impact experiments have been re-analyzed based on the method used in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) standard breakup model 1998 revision. The results indicate that the NASA standard breakup model derived from hypervelocity impacts could be applied to low-velocity collision possible in geostationary Earth orbit with some modifications.     

Ground assisted rendezvous with geosynchronous satellites for the disposal of space debris by means of Earth-oriented tethers

Previous studies have shown that extended length Earth-oriented tethers in the geosynchronous (GEO) region can be used to re-orbit satellites to disposal orbits. One such approach involves the extension of a GEO based tether, collection of a debris object, and retraction of the tether, which transfers the retracted configuration to a higher energy orbit for debris disposal. The re-extension of the tether after debris disposal returns the configuration to the near-GEO altitude. The practical feasibility of such a system depends on the ability to collect GEO debris objects, attach them to a deployed tether system, and retract the tethers for transfer to the disposal orbits.This study addresses the collection and delivery of debris objects to the deployed tether system in GEO. The investigation considers the number, type and the characteristics of the debris objects as well as the collection tug that can be ground controlled to detect, rendezvous and dock with the debris objects for their delivery to the tethers system.A total of more than 400 objects are in drift orbits crossing all longitudes either below or above the geostationary radius. More than 130 objects are also known to librate around the stable points in GEO with periods of libration up to five or more years. A characterization of the position and velocity of the debris objects relative to the collection tug is investigated. Typical rendezvous performance requirements for uncooperative GEO satellites are examined, and the similarities with other approaches such as the ESA's CX-OLEV commercial mission proposal to extend the life of geostationary telecommunication satellites are noted.     

低轨星座对静止轨道卫星同频干扰指标研究

随着全球低轨星座系统的快速部署及应用,非静止轨道卫星对静止轨道卫星系统的同频干扰问题日益凸显。为保护静止轨道卫星系统不受有害干扰,国际电联现行无线电规则中规定了非静止轨道卫星系统应满足的等效功率通量密度限值或干扰噪声比限值,但所适用频段及限值标准仍在不断修订完善中。为了精确定量评估低轨星座对静止轨道卫星的同频干扰,通过对等效功率通量密度限值和干扰噪声比限值的确定方法及演进历程进行研究,分析了上述限值与静止轨道卫星实际被干扰的对应关系,并以典型倾斜轨道星座和极地轨道星座为例,分析了不同干扰指标对卫星系统间干扰判定结果的影响,当静止轨道卫星系统的实际被干扰门限低于国际电联制定等效功率通量密度限值选用的参考门限时,建议低轨星座选择干扰噪声比限值作为开展频率干扰分析与判定的依据。     

Technical and legal issues surrounding space debris—India''s position in the UN

This article briefly presents the historical background, as seen by ISRO and India, to the growing problem of space debris. It describes the technical aspects of ISRO's activities in the field of space debris, and the grey areas in technical understanding, which may impede legal discussions. Analysis of the cost and technical aspects of reorbiting satellites from geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) is detailed, since this is an important area for India and other developing countries. The article also briefly describes ISRO's views of the applicability and relevance of the existing space treaties to a possible future legal regime for space debris. Debates are currently taking place in the UN and other multilateral fora on the subject of space debris and the situation is dynamic. The main aim of this article is to inform readers of ISRO's and India's position in the UN on the subject of space debris, in terms of its technical, political and legal aspects. Certain issues of importance from the legal point of view, though not of immediate urgency, are also discussed.     

微波辐射计静止轨道遥感试验技术

在地球静止轨道上对大气进行微波遥感探测尚无先例。为验证静止轨道微波探测仪器关键技术,研究高轨微波辐射传输特性并积累遥感数据,研制了微波探测试验载荷,搭载于风云四号A星进行在轨试验。微波探测载荷采用真实孔径圆周扫描体系,配置双频段(183,425 GHz)五通道。载荷在轨试验中,各项指标正常,183GHz频段灵敏度优于0.5K,425GHz灵敏度优于1.9K,性能稳定并超过3个月考核寿命。对微波探测载荷183GHz与极轨载荷先进技术微波辐射计(advanced technology microwave sounder,ATMS)进行亮温交叉比对的结果显示,两者亮温相近,变化趋势一致,验证了探测数据的有效性。载荷还在静止轨道获取了极轨无法探知的3K/h量级亮温变化,并在风云四号A星姿态调整期间完成了静止轨道微波遥感成像。验证了在静止轨道上进行真实孔径体制微波遥感探测的有效性。     

Collision Risk Mitigation in Geostationary Orbit

The short- and long-term effects of spacecraft explosions, as a function of the end-of-life re-orbit altitude above the geostationary orbit (GEO), were analyzed in terms of their additional contribution to the debris flux in the GEO ring. The simulated debris clouds were propagated for 72yrs, taking into account all the relevant orbital perturbations.The results obtained show that 6–7 additional explosions in GEO would be sufficient, in the long term, to double the current collision risk with sizable objects in GEO. Unfortunately, even if spacecraft were to re-orbit between 300 and 500km above GEO, this would not significantly improve the situation. In fact, an altitude increase of at least 2000km would have to be adopted to reduce by one order of magnitude the long-term risk of collision among geostationary satellites and explosion fragments. The optimal debris mitigation strategy should be a compromise between the reliability and effectiveness of spacecraft end-of-life passivation, the re-orbit altitude and the acceptable debris background in the GEO ring. However, for as long as the re-orbit altitudes currently used are less than 500km above GEO, new spacecraft explosions must be avoided in order to preserve the geostationary environment over the long term.     

同步轨道共位卫星差分CEI测量技术

同步轨道卫星共位是指在一个地球同步轨道±0．1°的窗口上放置2颗或2颗以上的卫星。文章介绍了同步轨道卫星多星共位的必要性和差分连接端站干涉测量的原理,对同步轨道共位卫星位置测量精度进行分析,得出结论：差分连接端站干涉测量技术能够满足同步轨道共位卫星位置测量的要求。     

Near-optimal geostationary transfer maneuvers with cooperative en-route inspection using hybrid optimal control

This research investigates the performance of bi-level hybrid optimal control algorithms in the solution of minimum delta-velocity geostationary transfer maneuvers with cooperative en-route inspection. The maneuvers, introduced here for the first time, are designed to populate a geostationary constellation of space situational awareness satellites while providing additional characterization of objects in lower-altitude orbit regimes. The maneuvering satellite, called the chaser, performs a transfer from low Earth orbit to geostationary orbit, during which it performs an inspection of one of several orbiting targets in conjunction with a ground site for the duration of the target?s line-of-site contact with that site. A three-target scenario is used to test the performance of multiple bi-level hybrid optimal control algorithms. A bi-level hybrid algorithm is then utilized to solve fifteen-, and thirty-target scenarios and shown to have increasing benefit to complete enumeration as the number of targets is increased. Results indicate that the en-route inspection can be accomplished for a small increase in the delta-velocity required for a simple transfer to geostationary orbit given the same initial conditions.     

地球静止轨道卫星硅太阳电池在轨特性分析

空间辐照效应的影响,使太阳电池输出功率随其在轨时间的推移而逐渐衰减。文章以2颗在轨的地球静止轨道卫星为研究对象,对某类我国自主研发的硅太阳电池的在轨输出功率衰减率进行了分析。并针对所获得的相关遥测参数,通过数值统计与数学分析的方法,采用确定的计算公式得出太阳电池阵的总输出电流,用以表征其输出功率。文章提出了一种曲线平移...     

Space Debris at the United Nations

Rules for activities in outer space are agreed upon in the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space of the United Nations. Several international treaties have been adopted in the 1970s, that is, at a time before space debris became a concern for the international community. In the years 1979–1988 numerous documents were prepared by the UN Secretariat on space debris, but no official discussions of the problem were initiated by states members of the COPUOS. First proposals for introducing the matter to the UN appeared around 1988, after important studies on the subject were published by states and leading intergovernmental organizations. Also the International Telecommunication Union became concerned about the proliferation of space debris in the geostationary orbit and adopted in 1993 a recommendation to restrict the generation of debris and to re-orbit satellites approaching the end of their active lives into disposal orbits beyond the belt populated by active satellites. In 1994, the UN started discussing scientific and technical aspects of space debris. In the following years, with the assistance of experts from prominent space agencies, it elaborated a Technical Report on space debris. Legal aspects of the problem have not yet begun being discussed because the necessary consensus among states members of the COPUOS has not yet been achieved. Very recently, the UN received first information on a wider subject, space traffic management.