ISO/TC20/SC14/WG4空间环境标准的跟踪研究

介绍了ISO/TC2 0 /SC1 4 /WG4及其空间环境标准 ,分析了ISO/TC2 0 /SC1 4 /WG 4空间环境标准的现状、特点 ,提出了制定我国航天器、运载器空间环境标准的建议。     

《材料辐射试验的空间环境模拟》系列国际标准制定的总体思路介绍

介绍了ISO/TC20/SC14第四工作组拟制定的《材料辐射试验的空间环境模拟》系列国际标准的总体思路,概述了空间环境因素模拟项目的确定要求和对应模拟的参数、标准的制定步骤以及俄罗斯对编制该标准内容的具体设想。     

中国出席ISO/TC20/SC14会议的工作总结

概述了ISO/TC20/SC14第三次会议的主要议程,并对SC14的15个国际航天标准工作项目提案的投票表决结果及中国代表团在会议期间的活动和会前参加SC14工作的情况作了介绍。     

ISO/TC20/SC14第十三次全会情况介绍

ISO/TC20/SC14第十三次全会于2003年5月15日在日本筑波城举行。法国、德国、意大利、日本、俄罗斯、英国和美国等P成员国,以及与SC14相关的2个周边组织、比利时(作为今后可能的成员国)等的76名专家参加了会议。中国因SARS疫情未出席此次会议。会议首先通过了会议议程,批准了上届全会的会议纪要。之后听取了SC14秘书处的报告、SC14主席的报告、6个工作组的报告以及与SC14相关的周边组织的报告。SC14主席报告包括:空间软件特别工作组、质量管理标准特别工作组、空间碎片标准特别咨询组的报告以及欧洲空间标准化合作组织联合组的报告…     

北京卫星环境工程研究所专家参加ISO国际标准研讨会

<正>应日本航空宇宙工业协会(SJAC)邀请,北京卫星环境工程研究所(BISEE)可靠性与环境工程技术重点实验室的专家冯伟泉研究员于2015年1月25—28日赴日本东京参加第三次ISO/WD19923《航天器在最坏环境中带电电位估计》标准研讨会。本标准属于ISO/TC20/SC14(空间系统及操作)的第4专题组(空间环境:自然和人工)。会议由SJAC空间工程部总经理堀井先生主持,参加会议的还有法国CNES(法宇航)帕扬研究员、法国ONERA(法国国防技术研究院)维莱斯研究员、美国AFRL(空军     

ISO/TC20/SC14第十五届年会情况暨准备成立ISO/TC999的目标设想及重要作用

国际标准化组织航天分技术委员会(ISO/TC20/SC14)第十五届年会于2005年5月12日至13日在法国图卢兹召开。本次会议的东道主是法国国家空间研究中心(CNES)。中国航天标准化研究所组团,一院、五院一行7人参加了会议。一年会的情况本届年会之前,7个工作组召开了3天会议,对有关的国际航天标准进行审查。年会上,SC14主席、美国NASA/JPL的G.Squibb(斯克尤卜)先生作了题为“SC14十二年”的主席报告,回顾了SC14从1993年成立以来的12年历程;阐明了SC14希望成立ISO的一个新航天技术委员会(暂称TC999)的要求。此前,SC14主席还亲赴日内瓦I…     

空间环境研究的现状与展望

空间环境研究的内容包括空间环境模式研究、空间环境效应研究和空间环境实验研究。当前国外空间环境研究注重对大型软件组织多学科、多单位长期合作研究;模式研究与实验研究紧密结合;注意开发对工程适用的模式;工作重点是太阳帆板带电和低轨卫星表面带电。建议我国在今后的空间环境研究中加强联合,集中攻克急需的大型软件;加强对材料特性的实验研究;着手发射环境效应卫星;开拓空间环境研究的新领域;在空间环境效应研究中加强卫星研制单位、卫星操作部门与环境效应研究单位的合作。     

我国宇航空间环境领域国家标准体系的构建

空间环境标准是宇航活动安全的重要保障。本文在对空间环境研究领域归纳分析的基础上，对国内外空间环境领域的标准制定情况进行了梳理，并对当前空间环境领域的标准化形势进行了分析，进而介绍了我国宇航标委会空间环境分委会的工作开展情况，以及新构建的我国空间环境领域国家标准体系。最后，对我国空间环境分委会及后续的标准建设进行了展望。     

ESA/ESTEC的空间环境试验能力研究

这里的空间环境主要指电子、质子、离子、太阳紫外、原子氧、碎片、极端温度、污染等环境,这些环境在航天器中产生总剂量效应、单粒子效应、充放电效应等各种有害效应,甚至会引发航天器故障与异常。鉴于空间环境不利影响的严重性和复杂性,欧洲空间局（ESA）在欧洲空间技术研究中心（ESTEC）的产品保证与安全部门建立了空间环境试验室,目的为ESA航天器的空间环境防护提供先进的试验验证手段。文章介绍ESA/ESTEC的空间环境地面试验能力,包括空间环境模拟设备、测试仪器及其试验相关的标准;介绍ESTEC航天器研制组织体系及其空间环境试验室所在的产品保证与安全部门的职能和作用,分析研究了这些部门及空间环境试验室对ESA航天器质量、可靠性、安全性的基础保证作用;最后就完善我国空间环境试验能力提出建议。     

ISO/DIS 14622《空间系统-结构设计-载荷与诱导环境》标准介绍

概述了ISO/DIS 14622《空间系统-结构设计-载荷与诱导环境》标准的适用范围和制定的目的及意义,着重介绍了标准编写的基本思路和强调的几项技术内容。     

Transformation: Structure/space studies in bionics and space design

This paper discusses the architectural design project “Transformation Structure Space”, which was carried out at the Department of Building Construction HB2 in 2004. The goal of the study was to find innovative solutions for space system design through the application of bionic (biomimetic) approaches. Using specific research both fields as the foundation, five different architectural projects based on a scientific-technological concept were developed. The introduction of natural role models into the design process and the development of the application in space and the respective setting proved to be a difficult task within the timeframe of a design program, nonetheless all of the projects show very innovative aspects.     

Human interactions during Shuttle/Mir space missions

To improve the interpersonal climate of crewmembers involved with long-duration space missions, it is important to understand the factors affecting their interactions with each other and with members of mission control. This paper will present findings from a recently completed NASA-funded study during the Shuttle/Mir program which evaluated in-group/out-group displacement of negative emotions; changes in tension, cohesion, and leader support over time; and cultural differences. In-flight data were collected from 5 astronauts, 8 cosmonauts, and 42 American and 16 Russian mission control personnel who signed informed consent. Subjects completed a weekly questionnaire that assessed their mood and perception of their work group's interpersonal climate using questions from well-known, standardized measures (Profile of Mood States, Group and Work Environment Scales) and a critical incident log. There was strong evidence for the displacement of tension and dysphoric emotions from crewmembers to mission control personnel and from mission control personnel to management. There was a perceived decrease in commander support during the 2nd half of the missions, and for American crewmembers a novelty effect was found on several subscales during the first few months on-orbit. There were a number of differences between American and Russian responses which suggested that the former were less happy with their interpersonal environment than the latter. Mission control personnel reported more tension and dysphoria than crewmembers, although both groups scored better than other work groups on Earth. Nearly all reported critical incidents came from ground subjects, with Americans and Russians showing important differences in response frequencies.     

Some comments on the ESA/EU space strategy

Not only have the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Union Commission succeeded in producing a joint space strategy within the time set for it, they have created a substantial and worthwhile document which recognises the importance of space for Europe and acknowledges that ESA—not national agencies—is the right body for the conduct of Europe's space efforts. Nevertheless, the strategy's lack of any government financial commitment is a worry— Public–Private Partnerships will never be enough—as is its failure to include any thought for the long term, and in particular manned flight. This critique of the strategy argues for more government spending on space and for greater long-term vision.     

Family of deployable/retractable structures for space application

New trends in the frame of space applications lead to the necessity of using deployable/retractable structures, working either as beams (with payloads all along their length) or masts (loaded at their tip). SENER—under ESA/ESTEC and Spanish Space Program contracts—are developing a family of structures with deployment and retraction capabilities (LTS, SENERMAST, CTM) so as to cover all ranges of potential necessities in the space community (antennas, experiment support, solar arrays, heat rejection systems …). This paper consists of a summary of the performances and range of applications of LTS, SENERMAST and CTM, and pays special attention to the large truss structure (LTS) development and verification.     

仿生壁虎微纳米黏附阵列的空间应用

采用仿生壁虎微纳米黏附阵列作为在轨服务时的捕获载荷,可为在轨对接提供一种新型模式。文章介绍了在轨对接技术的研究现状,重点介绍了仿生壁虎微纳米黏附阵列的作用原理及研究动态,并分析了其空间应用领域,以及需要突破的关键技术。     

EVA 2000: a European/Russian space suit concept

For the European manned space activities an EVA space suit system was being developed in the frame of the Hermes Space Vehicle Programme of the European Space Agency (ESA). The space suit was to serve the needs for all relevant extravehicular activities for the Hermes Columbus operations planned to begin in 2004. For the present Russian manned space programme the relevant EVAs are performed by the Orlan-DMA semi-rigid space suit. The origin of its development reaches back to the 1970s and has since been adapted to cover the needs for extravehicular activities on Salyut and MIR until today. The latest modification of the space suit, which guaranteed its completely self-contained operation, was made in 1988. However, Russian specialists considered it necessary to start developing an EVA space suit of a new generation, which would have improved performance and would cover the needs by the turn of the century and into the beginning of the next century. Potentially these two suit developments could have a lot in common based on similarities in present concepts. As future manned space activities become more and more an international effort, a safe and reliable interoperability of the different space suit systems is required. Based on the results of the Munich Minister Conference in 1991, the European Space Agency and the Russian Space Agency agreed to initiate a requirements analysis and conceptual design study to determine the feasibility of a joint space suit development, EVA 2000. The design philosophy for the EVA 2000 study was oriented on a space suit system design of: space suit commonality and interoperability; increased crew productivity and safety; increase in useful life and reduced maintainability; reduced development and production cost. The EVA 2000 feasibility study was performed in 1992, and with the positive conclusions for EVA 2000, this approach became the new joint European Russian EVA Suit 2000 Development Programme. This paper gives an overview of the results of the feasibility study and presents the joint requirements and the proposed design concept of a jointly developed European Russian space suit.     

微纳卫星在空间信息对抗中的应用

空间信息对抗形势日趋严峻,在提出微纳卫星概念的基础上,阐述空间信息对抗的特点和策略,指出微纳卫星在空间信息对抗体系中的优势和应用前景;概括介绍微纳卫星在空间信息对抗中的典型应用;最后梳理微纳卫星在空间信息对抗应用中的关键技术。     

A parametric study of space transfer/upper propulsion stages

For Space Transportation System (i.e. Space Shuttle) launched satellites destined for a Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO), there is a need for cost-effective, versatile propulsion systems to provide the perigee burn, i.e. to boost the satellite from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO). Surveys of commercial spacecraft activities and future GEO satellite requirements indicate that a spacecraft propulsion system that will provide the perigee burn for a broad range of future commercial satellites would have an excellent market potential.Parametric studies to investigate and define attractive perigee-burn upper propulsion systems (i.e. an Upper Propulsion Stage, or a UPS) are presented. The feasibility and payload capacilities that could be provided by a UPS assembled from essentially off-the-shelf components and subsystems, and the benefits that could be achieved by using major subsystems specifically tailored for the application are presented. The results indicate that attractive UPS configurations can be defined using either off-the-shelf or optimized major subsystems.