Shape and motion estimate of LEO debris using light curves

We have derived a tri-axial ellipsoidal model of an LEO object, a Cosmos 2082 rocket body, including its rotational axis direction, rotation period, precession, and a compositional parameter, using only light curve data from an optical telescope. The brightness of the object was monitored for two days and least-squares fitting was used to determine these values. The derived axial ratios are 100:18:18, the coordinates of the rotational axis direction on the celestial sphere are R.A. = 305.8° and Dec. = 2.6°, and its observed average rotation period is 41 s. When precession is considered, its amplitude and precession period are 30.5° and 29.4 min. These results show that optical light curve data are sufficient to determine the shapes and the motions of LEO objects.     

一种获取耀斑光变曲线的高精度,高分辨方法

一种获取耀斑光变曲线的高精度、高分辨方法栗志，周卫红（中国科学院云南天文台，昆明６５００１１）关键词太阳耀斑，光变曲线，测量方法太阳耀斑物理机制的研究，需要得到耀斑核的辐射的演化，在光学波段常用耀斑在单色光的辐射强度的时间变化曲线作为分析依据［１］．...     

空间目标视星等曲线仿真

人类航天活动日益频繁,空间目标种类和数量不断增多,识别未知空间目标的关键特征具有重要的科学价值。本文通过辅助图形软件建模分割,获取球体、圆锥体和圆柱体带法向量的面元坐标;基于卫星仿真工具包,得到了目标轨道及位置参数,并结合双向反射分布函数各向异性Phong 模型和四元数姿态更新模型,完成了地基观测条件下4种形状空间目标的视星等仿真。仿真结果表明,目标受空间位置、形状和姿态的影响程度不同,其光度曲线具有各自特点。球体由于形状完全中心对称,光度曲线主要受空间位置的影响;圆锥体、正方体、圆柱体光度曲线的波形受形状影响较大,曲线走向受位置影响较大,波动频率受姿态角速率影响较大。通过统计分析相关数据,可为后续空间目标位置、姿态和形状的反演提供先验模型。     

基于AMS-01实验估算羊八井处原初宇宙线的流强和能谱

利用Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer(AMS)实验对近地空间不同地磁纬度处不同能量原初宇宙线微分能谱的观测,通过积分近似计算和拟合方法,研究得出西藏羊八井地磁纬度处原初宇宙线质子动能在0.44～4.31GeV,4.31～12.38GeV,12.38～199.06GeV区间内的积分流强与拟合能谱函数以及原初宇宙线氦核在刚度区间6.92～14.45GV,14.45～229.9GV的积分流强与拟合能谱函数,为近一步进行羊八井处本底宇宙线流强估算奠定了基础.     

Apparent rotation properties of space debris extracted from photometric measurements

Knowledge about the rotation properties of space debris objects is essential for the active debris removal missions, accurate re-entry predictions and to investigate the long-term effects of the space environment on the attitude motion change. Different orbital regions and object’s physical properties lead to different attitude states and their change over time.Since 2007 the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB) performs photometric measurements of space debris objects. To June 2016 almost 2000 light curves of more than 400 individual objects have been acquired and processed. These objects are situated in all orbital regions, from low Earth orbit (LEO), via global navigation systems orbits and high eccentricity orbit (HEO), to geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO). All types of objects were observed including the non-functional spacecraft, rocket bodies, fragmentation debris and uncorrelated objects discovered during dedicated surveys. For data acquisition, we used the 1-meter Zimmerwald Laser and Astrometry Telescope (ZIMLAT) at the Swiss Optical Ground Station and Geodynamics Observatory Zimmerwald, Switzerland. We applied our own method of phase-diagram reconstruction to extract the apparent rotation period from the light curve. Presented is the AIUB’s light curve database and the obtained rotation properties of space debris as a function of object type and orbit.     

利用质子强度变化对太阳质子事件进行短期预报方法初步研究

采用GOSE-10卫星4～9 MeV(P2),9～15 MeV(P3),15～40 MeV(P4),40～80 MeV(P5)能段上的质子通量数据,结合质子能谱,对太阳质子事件发生前各能谱参数的变化特征进行分析,详细介绍利用能谱参数的变化特征及能量E>10 MeV的质子通量数据对太阳质子事件进行预报的新方法,并运用这种方法对2002-2006年期间太阳质子事件进行了预报.预报结果显示,预报提前量最多达到100 h以上,对质子事件的报准率达97.5%,预报方法具备一定的有效性和实用性.     

木星伽利略卫星互掩互食天象的测光技术

对行星天然卫星互掩互食天象进行测光可以得到非常准确的天体测量信息, 这些信息可以用来进一步改进行卫星的运动理论和历表. 对2003年在云南天文台1米望远镜上实际观测到的互掩互食图像进行测光处理, 分析表明, 在对木星去晕和测光孔径为1.5~2.0倍半高全宽条件下, 所得光变曲线有较好的稳定性.     

Low light intensity effects on the growth,photosynthetic characteristics,antioxidant capacity,yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at different growth stages in BLSS

Minimizing energy consumption and maximizing crop productivity are major challenges to growing plants in Bioregenerative Life Support System (BLSS) for future long-term space mission. As a primary source of energy, light is one of the most important environmental factors for plant growth. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of low light intensity at different stages on growth, pigment composition, photosynthetic efficiency, biological production and antioxidant defence systems of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars during ontogenesis. Experiments were divided into 3 intensity-controlled stages according to growth period (a total of 65 days): seedling stage (first 20 days), heading and flowering stage (middle 30 days) and grain filling stage (last 15 days). Initial light condition of the control was 420 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ and the light intensity increased with the growth of wheat plants. The light intensities of group I and II at the first stage and the last stage were adjusted to the half level of the control respectively. For group III, the first and the last stage were both adjusted to half level of the control. During the middle 30 days, all treatments were kept the same intensity. The results indicated that low-light treatment at seedling stage, biomass, nutritional contents, components of inedible biomass and healthy index (including peroxidase (POD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline content) of wheat plants have no significant difference to the control. Furthermore, unit kilojoule yield of group I reached 0.591 × 10⁻³ g/kJ and induced the highest energy efficiency. However, low-light treatment at grain filling stage affected the final production significantly.     

The adaptive Gaussian mixtures unscented Kalman filter for attitude determination using light curves

The Adaptive Gaussian Mixtures Unscented Kalman Filter (AGMUKF) is introduced to estimate the attitude of a Resident Space Object using light curves. This filter models the state probability density function as a Gaussian Mixture. This enables to capture the non-linearities of the light-curve measurement model. A non-linearity index is used to refine the mixture when necessary, and individual Gaussian kernels are merged back together when their relative distance is below a certain threshold. A conventional attitude Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) is used to propagate and update each kernel. The AGMUKF efficiently maintains the mixture population as low as possible, while still being able to represent non-symmetric, multimodal, arbitrarily complex distributions. Therefore, it is presented as a promising alternative to Particle-Filter-based implementations, the current state of the art used in sequential attitude estimation from light curves. The non-linearity index has been used to show that the measurement model is the main contributor to the system non-linearity. Results have demonstrated the superiority of the AGMUKF w.r.t. the UKF for attitude determination, and that it can converge for high initial state uncertainty cases, successfully capturing the non-Gaussian probability distribution of the state.     

星上数据管理中的实时多任务操作系统设计

参照欧空局的软件工程规范,研制了为星上数据管理任务服务的实时多任务操作系统ＲＴ８６,它的硬件环境是两个互为冷配份的主控单元,通过１５５３Ｂ串行数据总线与多个远置单元联接,完成星上遥测、遥控及星上多项数据库管理任务。文章介绍了其设计要点,做到了系统设计思路简单清晰,程序易于修改维护,可靠性高,它为星上应用软件开发提供了通用设计平台。     

原子时自动测量及数据采集系统

介绍了普通的时间实验室的时频测量,实现自动测量和数据收集的基本系统方案,并以上海天文台原子时实验室为例介绍了实际可行的自动测量和数据收集系统,这个系统高性能、低价格,可应用于国内几乎所有的时间实验室。     

分布式自动化测量系统的研制

近年来,计算机辅助测试系统(CAT)及单片微机的发展极为迅速,但当众多测试点分布在相距较远的不同房间、不同地区且被测参数的数据处理复杂时,欲同时进行多点的实时测量,上述两种系统的应用就受到限制。本文作者研制的分布式自动化测量系统以一台 IBM—PC 计算机为控制站,可对各测试站进行程控并能进行复杂的数据处理。控制站和测试站间可相互通信、信息共存、资源共享,亦可独立工作。本文从软件、硬件两个方面说明了该系统的设计原理与要点。     

基于空间信息的GE O卫星蓄电池充电优化控制

以提高GEO三轴卫星氢镍蓄电池充电效率为目的,首次将卫星、太阳的空间信息与卫星蓄电池充电结合起来,设计了基于空间信息的蓄电池最佳补充充电方法,建立了极值法预测蓄电池充电最佳时段的解算模型,并仿真验证了蓄电池最佳充电时刻与蓄电池壳温最低时刻的一致性。在轨应用表明,采用地面解算模型充电与星上自主充电相比,有效充电容量提高了5倍,解决了常规地面蓄电池补充充电不能满足星上能源需求的难题。