典型二元高超声速进气道与侧压式进气道的性能比较

在相同的约束条件下运用高超声速进气道已有的相关设计方法设计了两类典型的二元进气道与侧压式进气道,利用数值模拟手段对两类进气道的流场结构和总体性能开展了对比研究.研究发现,二元进气道出口流场畸变较小,流场均匀性优于侧压式进气道;二元进气道流量系数对飞行马赫数的敏感程度远高于侧压式进气道;设计点,二元进气道性能优于侧压式进气道.非设计点,尤其在接力状态下,侧压式进气道性能突出;侧压式进气道阻力特性优于二元进气道,而二元进气道的前体升力则高于侧压式进气道.      

2-D wavelet image transforms extended to 3-D with applications

Mallet and Zhong [1992] have derived some elegant results on 1-D and 2-D wavelet transforms. The objective here is to extend the 2-D results of Mallet and Zhong to 3-D. Illustrated here is how these results can be applied to the feature analysis of 2-D images with time t as the third dimension. An algorithm for extending 2-D to 3-D wavelets is presented     

一维和二维电热除冰相变传热特性的参数影响分析

基于飞机电热除冰过程冰层融化的特征,开展了一维和二维电热除冰相变传热特性数值计算研究和参数影响分析,重点考虑了加热模式、冷却时间、加热功率和加热单元间隔等参数对冰层相变传热的影响。采用了基于焓-多孔介质方法的热焓模型,将计算区域看作是包括多层材料和冰、水及其混合区的多孔介质,采用了结构化网格拓扑结构对计算区域进行划分,采用了有限体积方法对控制方程组进行离散,采用线性插值的方法获得混合区的物性参数,耦合能量方程和液态水体积分数公式,迭代求解了计算域的温度分布,获得了不同材料间界面温度的变化,重点分析了冰-保护层界面的温度变化。基于二维电热除冰模型的冰-保护层界面温度不均匀特征,提出了耦合考虑冰-保护层界面热点和冷点温度的冰脱落温度判断准则。研究表明:高功率的周期性加热模式要优于低功率的连续性加热模式,采用合理的冷却时间和加热功率,可获得更低的能量消耗和更好的除冰效果。合理设置加热单元间隔可以提高周期性的除冰效率,但也会形成冷点和热点,造成冰-保护层界面温度分布的不均匀。冰-保护层界面的冷点类似于锚点,即使此刻热点的冰已经融化,整个冰层也无法脱落和剥离。因此,冰脱落的判断要耦合考虑界面热点和冷点的温度特征。      

3-D TV without glasses

A hologram-like, 3-D, high-resolution, stereoscopic video display technique based on a color CRT is described. The technique is unique in that it is autostereoscopic, i.e., no special glasses, goggles, panels, helmets, or two-channel optical systems are required by the viewer to see depth. Any image that can be put into a television-like format can be displayed. This allows real-time scanning sensor data to be viewed with depth in a format familiar to the viewer. An implementation using real-time sensors is shown     

二维射流的稳定性分析与流动控制

本文在绝对／对流不稳定性的理论框架下，对二维射流的稳定性进行了数值分析。研究表明射流流场各局部剖面是对流不稳定的，不会产生整体失稳，射流频率由流场中最大增长的不稳定频率确定。将一ＮＡＣＡ０１２翼型放置于射流势流核心区中，改变翼型的偏转角度θ，可使射流剪切层频率与翼型尾流频率发生共振，整个流场产生自激振荡，加强了射流与外界流场和混合，并使射流发生矢量偏转。     

二维US-FDTD方法的数值稳定和色散分析

研究了二维US-FDTD方法的数值稳定性和数值色散特性。通过对增长因子的计算，证明了US-FDTD方法的无条件稳定性。利用增长因子的相位，推导出了US．FDTD方法的数值色散关系式。分析了US-FDTD方法的数值色散误差。数值分析表明，与ADI-FDTD方法一样，数值色散误差仍然是决定US-FDTD时间步长选取的关键因素。同时发现，数值色散受时间步长及网格大小的影响。     

三维非定常流场显示与测量

给出80°三角翼和Λ机翼模型低速三维非定常流场显示和测量结果,包括大迎角和大滚转角时前缘涡跳动频率及相应模型的抖动频率测量,模型作大幅度振动时流动图象的相位平均测量,以及由平行6片光经三维重建得到空间流动图象.测量结果表明,获得了在大迎角下模型抖动是由前缘涡的非定常跳动引起的这一新的流动机理.作为一种新的测量技术和新概念,模型大幅度振动时流动图象的相位平均测量,提供了研究非定常涡特性和定量确定涡核位置的有效手段.类似核磁共振(MRI)图象处理,由平行6片光流动显示经三维重建得到空间图象,对于分析涡的破碎、绕合、再附等现象是流动显示技术的新进步.     

三维零件图形绘制方法的研究与实践

文章从零件结构的特征分析、草图绘制、生成工程图3个方面，结合SolidWorks2001软件阐述了机械设计中三维图形绘制的构思和技巧，并介绍了三维图形绘制中常用的3种实用技术。     

V2500-D5发动机排故

对维护人员来说,排除故障是一项很重要的工作,它直接影响维修时间和维修费用。本文简单介绍了V2500-D5发动机的排故过程。     

二维变厚板的J积分分析

本文将J.R.Rice提出的J积分公式扩充应用到二维变厚板。本文把变厚度的影响以修正项形式引入J积分公式,从而推导出二维变厚板的J积分扩充表达式。      

二维柔壁自适应壁风洞中三维模型近音速试验技术

根据跨音速面积律将翼-身组合体模型转变为等效旋成体模型 ;并将风洞的矩形截面转变为等面积圆截面 ;由此通过轴对称跨音速小扰动速势方程求解圆截面风洞洞壁调节量 ;进而得到矩形截面上、下洞壁调节量。以堵塞比为 2 .64%的模型在西北工业大学高速二维柔壁自适应壁风洞中进行了翼面测压试验,并以同一模型在德国宇航院 HKG风洞中 (堵塞比为0 .35 % )做了对比试验。在近音速情况下 ( Ma∞=0 .94,0 .994和 1 .0 0 8),α=0°,2°时两者结果符合良好     

二维多段翼型网格生成与数值模拟研究

为提高多段翼型的网格生成效率和数值模拟精度,发展了一套自适应混合笛卡尔网格(AHCG)生成方法和基于有限体积方法的雷诺数平均Navier-Stokes (RANS)的数值求解技术.混合笛卡尔网格由围绕物体几何外形的贴体结构网格和填充流场其他区域的笛卡尔网格构成,两套网格之间的信息传递由“贡献单元”提供,且“贡献单元”由基于ADT(Alternating digital tree)技术的搜寻方法获得.为更准确地捕捉流场信息,采用了基于流场特征的网格自适应技术.数值模拟结果显示,AHCG方法能够准确且高效地模拟高升力多段翼型绕流问题.     

3-D magnetic field and current system in the heliosphere

In this paper a global system of the magnetic field and current from the interaction of the solar wind plasma and the interstellar medium is modeled using a 3-D MHD simulation. The terminal shock, the heliopause and the outer shock are clearly determined in our simulation. In the heliosheath the toroidal magnetic field is found to increase with the distance from the sun. The magnetic field increases rapidly in the upstream region of the heliosheath and becomes maximum between the terminal shock and the heliopause. Hence a shell-type magnetic wall is found to be formed in the heliosheath. Because of this magnetic wall the radially expanding solar wind plasma changes its direction tailward in all latitudes except the equatorial region. Only the equatorial disk-like plasma flow is found to extend to the heliopause through the weak magnetic-field region around the equator. Two kinds of global current loops which sustain the toroidal magnetic field in the heliosphere are found in our simulation.The influence of the 11-year solar cycle variation of the magnetic polarity is also examined. It is found that the polarity of the toroidal magnetic field in the heliosheath switches at every solar cycle change. Hence the heliosheath is found to consist of such magnetized plasma bubbles. The neutral sheets are found to extend between such magnetized plasma bubbles in the 3-D heliosheath in a complicated form. The magnetic-pressure effect on the heliosheath plasma structure is also examined.     

Model-based orientation-independent 3-D machine vision techniques

Orientation-dependent techniques for the identification of a three-dimensional (3-D) object by a machine vision system are represented in parts. In the first part, the data consist of intensity images of polyhedral objects obtained by a single camera, while in the second part, the data consist of range images of curved objects obtained by a laser scanner. In both cases, the attributed graph representation of the 3-D object surface is used to drive the respective algorithm. In this representation, a graph node represents a surface path and a link, the adjacency between two patches. The attributes assigned to nodes are moment invariants of the corresponding face for polyhedral objects. For range images, the Gaussian curvature is used as a segmentation criterion for providing symbolic shape attributes. Identification is achieved by an efficient graph-matching algorithm used to match the graph obtained from the data to a subgraph of one of the model graphs stored in the computer memory     

An efficient 3-D near-field ISAR algorithm

This paper presents a new three-dimensional (3-D) near-field inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging technique. A 3-D ISAR image can be obtained by processing coherently the backscattered fields as a function of the frequency and two rotation angles about axes which are mutually orthogonal. Most of the existing ISAR algorithms are based on the Fourier transform and as such can tolerate only small amounts of wavefront curvature. Wavefront curvature must be taken into account when imaging an object in the near-field. Near-field ISAR imaging of large objects using a direct Fourier inversion may result in images which are increasingly unfocused at points which are more distant from the center of rotation. An algorithm based on an azimuth convolution between a near-field focusing function and the frequency domain backscattered fields is discussed. This convolution is efficiently implemented by using fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques. Furthermore, in order to further alleviate the computational load of the algorithm, the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the focusing function is evaluated by means of the stationary phase method. Experimental results show that this technique is precise and virtually impulse invariant     

3-D Radar Based on Phase-in-Space Principle

A height-finding technique utilizing the relative phase between a series of point sources of a traveling-wave array is described. The point sources in the focal region of a torus antenna are used to control the phase of the antenna elevation pattern in space. Signals received from a given beam angle will arrive at each terminal of the traveling-wave feed with a different phase. By comparing this phase with a reference phase, the angular direction of an arriving plane wave can be measured with considerable accuracy. Thus a radar system with a single antenna and feed structure can be employed to yield instantaneous height coverage along with the usual range data.     

二维对流—扩散方程的控制体有限元法数值模拟

推导了二维对流—扩散方程的控制体有限元公式，其主要特点是所得离散化方程适合于逐点迭代法及共轭梯度法进行求解，使得该方法更适合于求解复杂的几何域及节省更多的计算机内存。通过几个算例表明，该方法对于特别大的Ｐｅｃｌｅｔ数其精度也是很高的     

二维喷管的初始流动

基于可压缩Navier-Stokes方程,采用大涡模拟方法与高精度混合WENO/TCD格式,对Ma=1.4的超声速平面射流初始流场进行了数值研究.数值结果清晰地描述了超声速平面射流初始流场的结构特征,包括主涡环与激波结构以及它们演变过程.因主涡环内存在涡导激波对,激波与涡相互作用加速射流剪切层失稳,使剪切层首次卷起形成小涡的位置出现在涡导激波对后,此与亚声速射流情况不同.小涡串卷起成后,相继与涡导激波对相互作用,使激波出现明显的变形并加速主涡环失稳.      

Efficient solution and performance analysis of 3-D positionestimation by trilateration

A new exact, explicit, and computationally efficient solution for three-dimensional (3-D) position estimation based on range measurements from three stations is proposed. The simple polynomial-type form of the new algorithm facilitates the performance analysis. Formulae are provided for both the variance and the bias of the position estimates. The systematic error is a joint effect of both the measurement noise and the system nonlinearity and its magnitude cannot be ignored if highly accurate localization is required. Performance evaluation results are presented for various conditions