直升机燃油系统地面模拟试验中试验台转角与油面角的关系

为了在直升机燃油系统地面模拟试验中准确地模拟油面角，本文介绍了试验台转角与油面角的关系，并给出了转换结果，同时，提出了一种用油箱内增压来模拟过载的设想，使在模拟试验时，油泵供油更趋真实，通过简化计算，给出了确定气压力的方法和判断依据。     

Optimum FFT-based frequency acquisition with application toCOSPAS-SARSAT

In the case of a single sinusoid or multiple well-separated sinusoids, a coarse estimator consisting of a windowed Fourier transform followed by a fine estimator which is an interpolator is a good approximation to an optimal frequency acquisition and measurement algorithm. The design tradeoffs are described. It is shown that for the fine-frequency estimator a good method is to fit a Gaussian function to the fast-Fourier-transform (FFT) peak and its two neighbors. This method achieves a frequency standard deviation and a bias in the order of only a few percent of a bin. In the case of short-time stationarity, for a moderate number of averages and for an adaptive threshold detector, only between 0.5 and 1 dB is lost when averaging is traded off for FFT length, in contrast to the asymptotic result of 1.5 dB. The COSPAS-SARSAT satellite system for emergency detection and localization is used to illustrate the concepts. The algorithm is analyzed theoretically, and good agreement is found with test results     

用于雷达波形的无损压缩编码

讨论了用算术编码实现波形数据的无损压缩。对波形数据进行无损压缩时 ,如果把每个可能的样本值看作一个符号 ,符号表会非常庞大 ,导致算法不可行。基于这种原因 ,本文用一个符号表示一定范围内波形数据 ,而不是单个波形数据 ,然后在此基础上设计了一种编码方案。先是无损线性预测 ,去除了波形数据之间的相关性。并假定产生的差值序列具有白功率谱 ,幅度服从高斯分布 ,第二步是算术编码。最后给出了对雷达回波数据进行压缩的实验结果。     

基于PC2B格式自由尾迹方法的旋翼响应特性分析

旋翼自由尾迹模型的建模和桨叶动态响应计算的问题是直升机空气动力学领域中富有关键意义的课题。本文结合桨叶气动模型、旋翼涡尾迹模型、桨叶挥舞动力学模型、"PC2B"尾迹求解算法和旋翼配平模型,建立了一个时间精确的旋翼自由尾迹和桨叶动态气动响应的分析方法,并针对旋翼总距突增时的旋翼载荷和桨叶动态响应进行了计算和分析,得出了一些有意义的结果。     

An automated approach to calculating the maximum diameters of multiple cutters and their paths for sectional milling of centrifugal impellers on a 4?-axis CNC machine

Power generators and chemical engineering compressors include heavy and large centrifugal impellers. To produce these impellers in high-speed machining, a 4?-axis milling machine(or a 4-axis machine plus an indexing table) is often used in the industry, which is more rigid than a5-axis milling machine. Since impeller blades are designed with complex B-spline surfaces and impeller channels spaces vary significantly, it is more efficient to use multiple cutters as large as possible to cut a channel in sections and a blade surface in patches, instead of only using a small cutter to machine a whole blade and a channel. Unfortunately, no approach has been established to automatically calculate the largest diameters of cutters and their paths, which include the indexing table angles. To address this problem, an automated and optimization approach is proposed. Based on the structure of a 4?-axis machine, a geometric model for a cutter gouging/interfering the impeller is formulated, and an optimization model of the cutter diameter in terms of the indexing table angle is established at a cutter contact(CC) point on a blade surface. Then, the diameters of the tools,their orientations, and the indexing table angles are optimized, and each tool's paths are generated for machining its corresponding impeller section. As a test, an impeller is efficiently machined with these tools section by section; thus, this approach is valid. It can be directly used in the industry to improve efficiency of machining centrifugal impellers.     

基于数据模型的某型民用飞机货舱区域腐蚀影响因素研究

 为研究舱内环境因素对民用飞机货舱区域腐蚀的影响,采集了停场飞机的货舱内外环境指标的数据,建立线性模型,给出了飞机货舱内外环境指标的数量关系。收集了国内几家航空公司某型民用飞机长期的结构腐蚀维修数据,计算了飞机货舱区域腐蚀频率与环境因素的灰色关联度,选取影响腐蚀的主要环境因素,提取主成分消除环境因素之间的多重共线性,建立腐蚀频率的多因素回归模型,研究了各类环境因素对飞机货舱区域腐蚀的影响规律与特点。分析结果表明:高温高湿天数与降水指标对该型飞机货舱区域腐蚀有显著的促进作用,并且不同航空公司的货舱区域腐蚀频率有显著差异,表明运营、结构检查和维护等人为因素对货舱区域腐蚀有显著影响。分析结果符合民用飞机货舱腐蚀控制的工程经验,表明研究方法是合理的。     

Asymptotic Reproducibility in Nonlinear Systems and Attitude Control of Gyrostat

A control law is presented for asymptotic function reproducibility in a class of nonlinear-systems such that the output of the system asympotically tends to a given function. The controller consists of a prefilter and a servocompensator. Based on this result, a nonlinear feedback control law for the attitude control of a satellite containing symmetric rotors, in a circular orbit, is derived. In the closed-loop system, given trajectories of pitch, yaw, and roll angles are asymptotically followed, and set point control of attitude is accomplished. Digital simulation results are presented to show the capability of the nonlinear controller.     

Intelligent control of a planning system for astronaut training

This work intends to design, analyze and solve, from the systems control perspective, a complex, dynamic, and multiconstrained planning system for generating training plans for crew members of the NASA-led International Space Station. Various intelligent planning systems have been developed within the framework of artificial intelligence. These planning systems generally lack a rigorous mathematical formalism to allow a reliable and flexible methodology for their design, modeling, and performance analysis in a dynamical, time-critical, and multiconstrained environment. Formulating the planning problem in the domain of discrete-event systems under a unified framework such that it can be modeled, designed, and analyzed as a control system will provide a self-contained theory for such planning systems. This will also provide a means to certify various planning systems for operations in the dynamical and complex environments in space. The work presented here completes the design, development, and analysis of an intricate, large-scale, and representative mathematical formulation for intelligent control of a real planning system for Space Station crew training. This planning system has been tested and used at NASA-Johnson Space Center     

Determination of a suitable set of loss models for centrifugal compressor performance prediction

Performance prediction in preliminary design stages of several turbomachinery components is a critical task in order to bring the design processes of these devices to a successful conclusion.In this paper,a review and analysis of the major loss mechanisms and loss models,used to determine the efficiency of a single stage centrifugal compressor,and a subsequent examination to determine an appropriate loss correlation set for estimating the isentropic efficiency in preliminary design stages of centrifugal compressors,were developed.Several semi-empirical correlations,commonly used to predict the efficiency of centrifugal compressors,were implemented in FORTRAN code and then were compared with experimental results in order to establish a loss correlation set to determine,with good approximation,the isentropic efficiency of single stage compressor.The aim of this study is to provide a suitable loss correlation set for determining the isentropic efficiency of a single stage centrifugal compressor,because,with a large amount of loss mechanisms and correlations available in the literature,it is difficult to ascertain how many and which correlations to employ for the correct prediction of the efficiency in the preliminary stage design of a centrifugal compressor.As a result of this study,a set of correlations composed by nine loss mechanisms for single stage centrifugal compressors,conformed by a rotor and a diffuser,are specified.     

雷击建筑物时防雷系统中雷电流的分布研究

主要讨论雷直击建筑物时雷电流在防雷系统中的分布特性，介绍利用计算机进行数值计算的方法。通过典型算例、传统的电磁暂态计算程序——EMTP的计算结果和利用清华大学高压实验室的冲击大电流发生装置，对此结构模型进行模拟试验，将3种结果进行比较，从而验证了本研究所编制的计算机程序的正确性。为进一步研究室内电磁场的暂态分析做好基础。     

A Study of Pilot Reaction Capability to Sound Stimulus

An experiment is described which was used to evaluate a typical pilot's ability to activate a switch in response to a sound stimulus. Regularly spaced voice countdown, irregular voice countdown, initiation of a tone, and termination of a tone were each used as the stimulus. The individual under test was given a task similar to that involved in maintaining accurate flight conditions to occupy his attention. The regular voice countdown is shown to be least accurate in defining the switching time, providing a mean delay of approximately -0.09 second (actually a stimulus anticipation) and a standard deviation of a bit more than 0.2 second. In each of the other cases, a mean delay of approximately 0.25 second and a standard deviation of approximately 0.09 second were obtained. This compares favorably with previous experimental results.     

隐身外形飞行器用埋入式进气道的设计与风洞实验研究

本文为隐身外形飞行器用埋入式进气道发展了一套设计方法。该方法的理论基础是埋入式进气道进气机理和气动S弯概念,其关键技术包含通道中心线设计、横截面面积变化规律设计以及横截面形状设计等,各技术可以方便地用数学方法加以描述,整个方法易于编程实现。并结合一种隐身外形无人机提出了埋入式进气道方案,通过实验得到了此类隐身外形飞行器用埋入式进气道的气动特性。结果表明,所提出的埋入式进气道方案可行,所设计的模型进气道性能良好,所发展的设计方法合理。同时验证了埋入式进气道进气机理的正确性,也表明隐身外形飞行器与埋入式进气道的组合方案具有十分光明的应用前景。     

机载电子系统设备的智能故障诊断系统设计

探讨了动态机载电子设备智能故障诊断系统建设的主要问题,设计了基于现代无线通信网络的智能故障预测诊断系统的总体结构及解决方案,对其中的关键技术进行了论述,尤其是无线通信协议、机载电子设备的故障预测模型及智能故障诊断专家系统等,为该系统后期研发奠定了基础.     

Energy-optimal trajectory planning for solar-powered aircraft using soft actor-critic

High-Altitude Long-Endurance(HALE) solar-powered Unmanned Aircraft Vehicles(UAVs) can utilize solar energy as power source and maintain extremely long cruise endurance,which has attracted extensive attentions from researchers. Trajectory optimization is a promising way to achieve superior flight time because of the finite solar energy absorbed in a day. In this work,a method of trajectory optimization and guidance for HALE solar-powered aircraft based on a Reinforcement Learning(RL) framework is...     

A comparative study on acoustic damping induced by half-wave, quarter-wave, and Helmholtz resonators

The damping characteristics of three-type resonators, a half-wave, a quarter-wave, and a Helmholtz resonator are studied experimentally by adopting linear acoustic test. A quantitative acoustic property of sound absorption coefficient in a model enclosure with the resonators is measured and thereby, the acoustic-damping capacity of a resonator is characterized. For a comparative study on acoustic damping, the damping capacity of a half-wave resonator is compared with that of the other resonators. A half-wave and a quarter-wave resonators have the same damping mechanism, but a quarter-wave resonator has much larger damping capacity than a half-wave resonator with the same diameter of a single resonator. It is found that shorter length of a resonator has the advantage of longer one with respect to the damping capacity. The damping capacity of a Helmholtz resonator increases with cavity volume and does as the orifice length decreases. A Helmholtz resonator has the highest damping capacity of three-type resonators and a half-wave resonator has the lowest. Besides, a Helmholtz resonator requires the smallest number of resonators for optimal damping. The design criterion of each resonator on the optimal damping is provided by the normalized parameter of open-area ratio and the similarity behavior for the optimal damping is observed for various enclosure diameters.     

五分量激光测量装置的试验研究

所讨论的激光测量装置,可以同时测量~个移动轴的5个移动误差分量,即两个直线度分量和3个角位移分量。该装置测量线性误差和角位移误差的精度可分别达到1.5μm和0.5”以内。     

Simulation on effect of throat contraction ratio and strake stagger angle on flow field and aerodynamic performance of scrampressor

The design methods of typical supersonic aircraft intakes and shock wave compression technology have been applied to ram-rotor, an attractive compression system. A ram-rotor is of a typical structure including the compression ramp, the throat and the subsonic diffuser; a scrampressor is similar to ram-rotor, the only difference is that scrampressor has no subsonic diffuser. The work was the continuation of the preparatory work. In order to further study the effect of throat contraction ratio and strake stagger angle on the flow field and performance of a scrampressor, the flow field of a scrampressor with a three-dimensional flow path was numerically simulated with different throat contraction ratios and strake stagger angles. Simulated results indicated that the optional aerodynamic performance of a scrampressor could be achieved with an adiabatic efficiency of 0.8413 a total pressure recovery coefficient of 0.8446, a total pressure ratio of 7.14 and a static pressure ratio of 5.17 for a throat contraction ratio of 0.6 and a strake stagger angle of 12°. It was therefore concluded that an appropriate decrease in throat contraction ratio and an increase in strake stagger angle could help the comprehensive improvement of a scrampressor in performance.      

一个面向可变形模型实时有效的接触反馈框架

由于力反馈需要很高的计算速度及变形反馈需要详细的图形信息 ,本文提供一个实时有效的接触反馈框架 ,通过在粗糙三角形网格上进行局部细分来实现。当检测到接触后 ,将发生碰撞的表面细分以产生一个粒子系统。利用此粒子系统 ,用近似速度锥理论对形变进行模拟。同时 ,采用弹簧 -阻尼模型计算形变力。最后 ,对此框架进行了测试并实际应用于一个医疗规化仿真系统。     

导弹运动方程的逆解析解

针对在采用反馈线性化理论设计导弹飞行控制系统时控制器算法对导弹逆模型的要求 ,推导了导弹运动方程的逆解析解 ,包括导弹质心运动的运动学方程及其动力学方程的逆解析解、姿态运动的运动学方程及其动力学方程的逆解析解 ,详细给出了逆模型的求解过程 ,为一类飞行控制系统运用全局线性化设计奠定了基础。最后 ,结合工程应用进行了仿真计算 ,仿真结果表明逆解析解的推导是正确的