环形浅液池内低Prandtl数流体超临界热毛细对流演化

为研究低Prandtl数（Pr）流体热毛细对流演化过程，对环形浅液池内Pr=0.011的流体热毛细对流进行三维数值模拟.研究发现:当Marangoni数较小时，流动为轴对称稳态流动；当Marangoni数超过某一临界值后，流动失稳并转变为热流体波，其波数随Marangoni数增加而减小，而波动主频增大；随着Marangoni数增加，流动加强，沿周向运动的热流体波演变为沿径向运动的径向波，其波数大大减小；当Marangoni数继续增加时，波动频谱曲线噪声增加，呈广谱特性.因此，在计算范围内热毛细对流的演化过程为:轴对称稳态流动-热流体波-单周期径向波-多周期三维振荡流动.      

重力波波包在剪切风场中的非线性传播

采用二维全隐欧拉格式,对具有高斯分布的重力波波包在剪切风场中的非线性传播过程进行数据模拟和分析,数值分析结果表明,在没有出现临界层的情况下,尽管存在非线性效应,在整个传播过程中,波动的等相面向下运动,波包和波相关能量仍然能够自由地向上传输。波相关扰动速度随高度增加而增加,并且垂直波长随高度增加而减小。     

均匀磁场中铁磁流体润滑的平板滑块的性能

计算结果表明,铁磁流体润滑的平板滑块的性能与牛顿流体或Bingham塑料润滑的平板的性能显著不同.屈服应力引起粘附核的发生,并且增加滑块的承载能力.在低速润滑中,高磁场强度对承载能力是有好处的,因为它可以提高铁磁流体的粘度和在润滑膜中引起粘附核.当出现粘附核时,铁磁流体润滑的平板滑块的最佳膜厚比的值大于2.2,并随外磁场强度增加而增大.在高速润滑中,可能没有粘附核出现,在此情况下,为了得到最大承载能力而采用膜厚比的值为2.2是可取的.在高磁场强度或高剪切速率下,铁磁流体润滑的平板滑块的摩擦系数增大.      

1980年中层大气温度波空间特征的初步分析

利用1980年Nimbus-7卫星网络点资料(温度场)对中层大气行星波的空间结构进行诊断和分析后发现,行星波扰动主要集中于冬半球,夏半球及赤道地区上空的扰动则相对较弱,但也不可忽视.冬半球行星波扰动中的瞬变波部分可以跨过赤道向夏半球传播,且传播主要集中于20kin和70km两个高度层附近.波数1冬季以准定常行里波为主,夏季瞬变行星波与准定常行星波波幅相当.行星波扰动的波幅从冬到夏的衰减主要表现在波数1和波数2上,波数3变化不大.      

搅拌流内大振幅界面波特性研究

针对竖直管内不同工况下气液两相搅拌流内的大振幅界面波特征参数(波形、波幅、波长和频率等)及运动特性进行了实验研究,系统分析了流动参数对大振幅界面波特征参数及运动特性的影响规律。结果表明:由于重力和气流剪切力在大振幅界面波不同运动阶段的影响程度不同,大振幅界面波在运动过程中存在与气流先逆向后同向的运动特点,证明了液泛现象普遍存在于搅拌流内,揭示了造成搅拌流液膜振荡剧烈的原因;搅拌流内,大振幅界面波波形符合正态分布函数特征,且波幅较环状流内扰动波波幅大,但是波幅和波长变化趋势与环状流内扰动波变化趋势相似,即波幅和波长随着气速的增大而减小,随液量的增大而增大,且当气速较小时,临界波幅随着液量的增加逐渐趋于定值;而大振幅界面波平均产生频率随气速和液速的增大而增大。     

环形液池热毛细对流的线性稳定性研究

对外壁加热的环形液池热毛细对流进行了线性稳定性分析.采用Chebyshev配点法对Pr=6.8、内外径之比为0.5、深宽比A范围为0.25～1.4的数值结果进行分析,发现流动的临界状态均为振荡形式,并且随着A的增大,临界雷诺数减小,相应的临界波数与振荡频率也呈减小趋势.能量分析结果表明,小扰动与基本流相互作用项较小,表面张力在径向做功与周向做功对小扰动的动能变化起主导作用.观察三者与液池深宽比的关系,发现A=0.8时表面张力在径向做功项达到极小值,周向做功项以及小扰动与基本流相互作用项达到极大值.      

赤道低纬电离层瑞利-泰勒不稳定性初始扰动波数的临界值

在文献[1]推导的基础上将不稳定判据扩展到±30°磁纬之间的低纬地区.为研究初始扰动波数对等离子体泡的影响，分析了λ_min随初始扰动波数的变化规律，选择二分法计算λ_min=1时的临界波数α_c，并分析α_c随经纬度、太阳活动、季节、地方时以及水平东向电场强度的变化.主要结论如下:α_c随经纬度、季节、太阳活动以及地方时的变化规律和等离子体泡及闪烁活动的规律基本一致，α_c越小，等离子体泡越容易产生；水平东向电场增强有利于等离子体泡形成.α_c的值对人工影响电离层时选择最优扰动条件具有一定的指导意义.      

热毛细液层非模态稳定性分析

利用非模态稳定性方法研究了亚临界情况下的热毛细液层对初始扰动和外加激励的敏感性.通过瞬态增长函数和反馈函数分别反映流场对初始扰动和外加激励的放大.研究结果表明, 小Prandtl数(Pr)下的亚临界流动对初始扰动和外加激励均十分敏感,最大扰动放大与Reynolds数(Re)的平方近似成正比.在大Pr下,只有回流的亚临界...     

基于分数阶Maxwell模型的振荡流传热特性分析

经求解基于分数阶Maxwell模型的粘弹性流体在周期性振荡压力梯度下,圆直管内的运动方程和能量方程,得到了振荡管流换热的速度分布、温度分布以及热扩散系数的解析解形式.通过对无量纲热扩散系数的分析可知,影响粘弹性流体管内振荡流轴向换热的无量纲参数有:Womersley数Wo、Deborah数De、无量纲振幅Δx/R和流体普朗特数Pr.分数阶Maxwell模型振荡流传热也存在粘弹性流体流动中存在的共振现象,且共振峰的数量随De数的减小而增加,发生共振的起始频率随De数的减小而降低.共振峰值出现的位置即频率值与Pr和无量纲振幅Δx/R无关.     

重力波波包在可压大气中的非线性传播

本文采用二维全隐欧拉(FICE)格式对具有高斯分布的重力波波包在等温、可压大气中的非线性传播过程进行数值模拟和分析.数值分析结果表明:尽管存在非线性效应,在整个传播过程中,波动的等相面向下运动,波包和波相关能量向上传输.波相关扰动速度随高度增加指数增长,并且波与平流会发生非线性相互作用,最后导致平均流场增强.这与线性重力波理论完全一致.重力波波包的传播路径与重力波线性射线理论预言非常接近,但平均水平群速度和平均垂直群速度均明显小于线性射线理论给出的结果,可见波动的非线性过程会改变波相关能量的传输速度.模拟结果首次定量地展示出非线性效应对重力波波包传播的影响,表明建立在线性理论框架中的重力波运动学定义的合理性.      

Conditions for the onset of temperature oscillations in a simulated floating-zone configuration

The floating-zone method for crystal growth is studied in simulated low-gravity conditions by suspending a drop of fluid vertically between two circular rods and heating the upper rod with a heater. Flow and temperature oscillations are observed under certain conditions. The temperature oscillation level and the oscillation frequency are measured against the Marangoni number for several aspect ratios using hexadecane and Fluorinert as the test fluids. It is observed that, contrary to what has been believed, the Marangoni number is not the proper parameter to describe the onset of oscillation.     

Marangoni convection in a liquid layer under the simultaneous action of a transverse magnetic field and rotation

Asymptotic stability characteristics with respect to the onset of Marangoni convection in a liquid layer under the simultaneous action of a large transverse magnetic field and a large rate of rotation are investigated. In certain parameter ranges there is a decrease in critical Marangoni number for increasing magnetic field and rotation depending on the coupling between interfacial perturbations and rotation.     

Morphological and convective instabilities during solidifiation

The stability of the flow between two vertical, infinite, rigid, coaxial cylinders held at different temperatures is analyzed by linear stability theory. For a Prandtl number of 22.8 and a radius ratio of 0.02, the flow is unstable to an axisymmetric perturbation at a critical Grashof number of 2150; the wave speed of the instability is comparable to the maximum velocity of the unperturbed flow. When the rigid outer cylinder-fluid interface is replaced by a crystal-melt interface which can change shape, two new modes of instability occur at lower Grashof numbers. There is an asymmetric instability with a critical Grashof number of 180 and an axisymmetric instability with a critical Grashof number of 460; for both of these modes the wave speed of the instability is several orders of magnitude smaller than the unperturbed flow velocity.These calculations were motivated by and are in general agreement with our recent experiments on succinonitrile. A long vertical cylindrical sample of succinonitrile was heated by an electrical current through a coaxial vertical wire so that a vertical melt annulus formed between the coaxial heater and the surrounding crystal-melt interface. Above a critical Grashof number of circa 200, a helical crystal-melt interface formed which rotated steadily about the cylinder axis; the wave speed was several orders of magnitude less than the base flow velocity.     

Hydrothermal instability of thermocapillary convection in large-Prandtl-number liquid bridges under microgravity

Linear stability analysis was performed to study the mechanism of transition of thermocapillary convection in liquid bridges with liquid volume ratios ranging from 0.4 to 1.2, aspect ratio of 0.75 and Prandtl number of 100. 2-D governing equations were solved to obtain the steady axi-symmetric basic flow and temperature distributions. 3-D perturbation equations were discretized at the collocation grid points using the Chebyshev-collocation method. Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions were obtained by using the Q–R method.The predicted critical Marangoni numbers and critical frequencies were compared with data from space experiments. The disturbance of the temperature distribution on the free surface causes the onset of oscillatory convection. It is shown that the origin of instability is related to the hydrothermal origin for convections in large-Prandtl-number liquid bridges.     

Recent development of Marangoni flows theory and experimental results

Microgravity fluid dynamics deals with the thermodynamics and dynamics of fluid systems in low-gravity environments and, thus, covers a rather large variety of subjects /1/. Among them, free convection in systems with fluid-fluid interfaces has received renewed attention because these systems are found in many materials sciences processes and exhibit a number of new, interesting phenomena. This paper surveys some recent studies by the author and his coworkers on the free convection occurring in a system of two interfacing, immiscible fluids subject to an imposed temperature gradient in a gravity environment. In such a system, three classes of free convection may be distinguished: natural, Marangoni, and combined free convection, according to whether it is caused by thermally induced buoyant forces, Marangoni stresses, or both. For each class one may further distinguish different regimes according to the relative importance of convective and diffusive transport of momentum and internal energy.First, the use of order of magnitude analysis is illustrated to identify and determine the types of flow regimes that can be established for each class of free convection. Subsequently, the attention is focused on the study of the main features of the two classes of flow regimes that can be established when the leading driving action is the Marangoni stress: Marangoni boundary layers and Marangoni-Stokes flow. Finally, a brief review of the experimental experience of the author's team is reported, looking in particular at the space experiments performed on board the missions SL1 and D1 of the Spacelab.     

Improvement of flight hardware and isothermal Marangoni convection under micro-gravity conditions

During parabolic flights three different kinds of experiments were performed under reduced gravity conditions. The experiments were: I. A general learning process to work with hardware and fluid under micro-gravity conditions. II. The investigation of critical parts of hardware or critical moments in experiments. This can be a part in the preparation of future sounding rocket or Spacelab flights. III. The possibility to perform scientific experiments under micro-gravity conditions within 22 seconds. In the joined parabolic flights of march 1986 the main interest was to perform experiments with Marangoni convection due to concentration gradients along the gas-liquid interface under isothermal conditions. One experiment was performed with a horizontal surface tension gradient and the other observed Marangoni convection was due to the evaporation of a component from a solution under steady state conditions.     

Onset of Marangoni convection in an infinite layer of an electrically conducting liquid under magnetic field

The onset of Marangoni convection in an electrically conducting liquid is studied theoretically for the case that the liquid is subjected to a vertical temperature gradient and a magnetic field with arbitrary orientation.The effects of the intensity of magnetic field, the angle of inclination of magnetic field and the Biot number at the free surface on both the critical Marangoni number and the flow pattern are made clear.