共查询到16条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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在天宫二号飞船综合材料实验炉六工位采用碲熔剂法生长了碲化锌晶体,生长时最高温度为800℃,以0.5mm·h-1的提拉速度向炉膛内部提拉生长晶体.飞行实验后,用相同实验参数在地面进行了对比实验.结果发现,空间样品尾部有一个非常大的橙色结晶区域(约10mm×6mm×2mm),而地面生长样品中碲化锌晶体尺寸仅为约3mm×3mm×1mm,空间生长的碲化锌晶粒尺寸明显优于地面.空间微重力环境下,由于毛细作用,空间样品的塞子处有Te和ZnTe的外延膜生成.而地面生长的锭条在塞子处只有零星点状气相生产物.因此微重力条件有利于碲化锌晶体材料的生长. 相似文献
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空间材料实验炉的温度分布对空间材料制备至关重要.通过对用于天宫二号空间实验室材料实验炉的物理模型进行合理简化,建立了三维传热数值计算模型,测量了实验炉材料的热物性参数,并根据地面试验工况进行模拟热分析计算,其结果能够很好地与地面试验结果吻合.采用模拟计算的方法分析样品物性参数对炉膛和样品中温度分布的影响,对实验炉的隔热部件进行优化设计,进而对炉体外表面温度进行了预测.数值仿真计算弥补了实验中测温点不足的问题,有助于进一步了解样品的温度分布,同时为实验炉隔热优化设计和安全运行提供了依据. 相似文献
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根据近年红外材料在空间生长的研究概况,分析了涵盖熔体、气相、液相外延和分子束外延等生长方法及各个方法生长红外材料的基本原理,在地面生长遇到的问题,以及在空间微重力环境中进行红外材料生长的优势.同时基于中国利用熔体法在天宫二号上已经进行的ZnTe:Cu晶体的空间生长科学实验及地基实验结果,通过对空间和地面实验结果进行对比,提出了在超高真空环境下,利用分子束外延方式生长高性能、大尺寸红外材料的可能性,以及未来在空间微重力条件下进行红外材料生长的研究方向及具体应用. 相似文献
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天宫二号空间综合材料实验装置的炉内压力和加热功率均影响炉内温场.针对空间与地面对比实验,分析了炉内压力和温场相同时炉丝加热功率的变化,以及炉内温场和炉丝加热功率相同时炉内压力的变化.地面实验时,炉内气体被炉丝加热后,由于重力作用产生对流,从而影响炉膛温度.炉内压力为1atm时,空间与地面实验的加热功率比约为97.5%.空间实验时,由于对流效应减弱,炉内压力变化对其最高温度影响减小.空间与地面的对比实验结果表明,地面炉内压力为空间炉内压力(1atm)的50%时,空间与地面实验的加热功率和温场等参数接近一致.这对于空间高温材料实验装置设计具有重要指导和参考意义. 相似文献
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用国产装置进行的空间蛋白质结晶实验 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
使用国内研制的管式汽相扩散结晶装置,在我国返回式卫星上,成功地完成了两次空间蛋白质晶体生长实验,10种不同种类的蛋白质配制的48个样品在空间的出晶率分别达52%和80%,其中少数蛋白质生长出了较高质量的蛋白质晶体。结果表明,空间的微重力环境利于改善蛋白质晶体的生长,而且在结晶条件优化足够好的条件下,在空间里能生长出比地面晶体尺寸较大、形态较好和内部有序性较高的蛋白质晶体。本文还就微重力对蛋白质晶体生长的具体作用及其开发利用做了讨论。 相似文献
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与载人航天一期"轨道舱"相比,载人航天二期天宫一号目标飞行器对控制计算机的功能、性能和环境适应性都提出了更高的要求.依据GNC分系统对控制计算机的功能与可靠度需求,介绍天宫一号目标飞行器控制计算机的容错方案、硬件设计、系统软件设计、可靠性分析和试验验证情况,地面验证结果表明:天宫一号目标飞行器控制计算机设计满足GNC分系统的需求. 相似文献
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For understanding of the influence of convective flow on crystal growth, space high temperature in situ observation instrument (SHITISOI) is dedicated to visualize and record the whole growth process of oxide crystals in high temperature up to 1000°C. Model experiments using transparent liquids such as KNbO3 and a mix ture of Li2B4O7+KNbO3 were chosen to investigate effects on ground and in space.On the earth, an investigation of growth kinetics of KNbO3 crystal related to two different states of convection: diffusive-advective flow and diffusive-convective flow,has been performed. The per unit length of a step e is calculated from the exper imental data for two different states of convection. Analyses of these data show the effect of buoyancy convection is to enhance the sharpness of the interface. The growth of KNbO3 crystals from solution of KNbO3+Li2B4O7 was investigated in space. The streamlines of the steady thermocapillary convection in Li2B4O7 solvent was observed. Due to thermocapillary convection, KNbO3 crystal grains grew and filled the whole solution homogeneously. Earth-based quenching experiments are de signed in order to study polyhedral instability of KNbO3 crystal, which is controlled by diffusion mechanism limitation. In all cases, when the crystal was nucleated near air/solution surface, it lost its polyhedral stability and varied from polyhedrons to dedrites. The thickness of diffusion mechanism limitation layer is about 60μm. 相似文献
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介绍天宫一号目标飞行器采用的单框架控制力矩陀螺的总体结构、技术指标和验证试验.该单框架控制力矩陀螺的角动量为200Nms,最大可输出力矩为20Nm,响应带宽为2Hz,其中2个控制力矩陀螺高速转子已经进行了25000h的寿命试验.天宫一号目标飞行器姿态控制系统共采用了6个单框架控制力矩陀螺来输出姿态控制力矩,当1个或2个控制力矩陀螺失效时姿态控制系统仍能正常工作. 相似文献
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由于轨道机动燃料消耗,科学载荷加载、分离,以及伴飞小卫星在轨释放等原因引起天宫二号空间站质心(COM)发生位移,从而影响天宫二号的动力学质心定轨精度。针对这一问题,提出了基于全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)测量数据的简化动力学质心估计方法。燃料消耗是引起天宫二号质心发生位移的主要原因,质心在本体坐标系X 轴方向位移最为显著。利用GNSS测量数据对天宫二号进行质心估计和精密定轨,在三轴对地稳定姿态下,本体坐标系X 轴方向与轨道切向重合,定轨结果对本体坐标系X 轴方向的质心位移并不敏感。但在连续偏航模式下,本体坐标系X 轴在轨道法向上有较大分量,X 轴方向的质心位移对基于GNSS测量计算的精密定轨结果有较大影响。定性和定量分析结果表明:偏航姿态模式下天宫二号本体坐标系X 轴方向质心位移估计具有可行性。天宫二号实测数据计算结果表明:与未做质心估计的定轨结果进行对比,质心估计后表征轨道动力学建模误差的经验加速度补偿水平在轨道径向、切向和法向上分别降低62%、50%和65%;载波相位后验残差标准差降低0.04 cm;精密轨道与全球激光测距数据比较精度提高0.86 cm。所提方法可以应用于大型低轨航天器在轨质心估计。 相似文献
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D C Yin N I Wakayama Y Inatomi W D Huang K Kuribayashi 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2003,32(2):217-223
Either a homogeneous or inhomogeneous magnetic field has been known to dampen the protein crystal growth. To date the mechanism is not clear. However, it was generally proposed that the magnetic field may dampen the convection in the solution, resulting in a reduced crystal growth rate and possibly a good crystal quality, similar to the case of protein crystal growth in space. To understand the mechanism of the magnetic field effect on protein crystal growth, further explorations on the magnetic field effect on protein solution, on the processes of crystal growth and dissolution, and on different crystallization (solution) systems, should be valuable. In this paper we present our recent efforts to study magnetic field effects on the dissolution processes of tetragonal lysozyme crystals under a strong magnetic field. A layer of oriented tetragonal lysozyme crystals was prepared under a temperature gradient and magnetic field, after that the crystals were dissolved by increasing the temperature of the solution. The lysozyme molecules will diffuse upwards due to the steep concentration gradient at the lower side of the cell caused by the dissolution. The evolution of the concentration in the solution was measured in-situ using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The results confirmed that the dissolution process of the crystals was slowed by the magnetic field. Judging from the concentration evolution versus time at different positions in the solution, we concluded that the apparent diffusion coefficient of lysozyme molecules was decreased by the magnetic field. The results were discussed using a suspended crystal model in the initial dissolution stage. 相似文献
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根据天宫一号目标飞行器的特点及交会对接任务需求,天宫一号目标飞行器选择单框架控制力矩陀螺作为姿态控制执行机构,这是控制力矩陀螺首次在国内航天器上应用.阐述了单框架控制力矩陀螺在天宫一号目标飞行器姿态控制上的应用,主要包括四个方面:构形选择、操纵律设计、角动量卸载、故障诊断与重构.天宫一号目标飞行器控制力矩陀螺系统采用五棱锥构形,其操纵律设计为带零运动的伪逆操纵律,控制力矩陀螺系统具备故障诊断和重构功能. 相似文献
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A. Rouzaud J. J. Favier D. Thvenard 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1988,8(12):49-59
Keeping planar the L/S interface during solidification and controling heat and mass transfers in the liquid phase are 2 important constraints which need to be satisfied to grow suitable single crystals. In the first part of this paper we describe performances of the MEPHISTO instrument which allows :
— On line in-situ measurements of the real undercooling of a solidification front by a non-perturbative thermoelectric method.
— On line supervision of convective motions influence on crystal growth. In the second part, we present the first main results obtained during the ground testing of the space mock-up and we quantify the scientific results accuracy concerning both the onset of the morphological stability and the interface response to unsteady perturbations. 相似文献