The flux of interstellar dust observed by Ulysses and Galileo

Interstellar dust detected by the dust sensor onboard Ulysses was first identified after the Jupiter flyby when the spacecraft's trajectory changed dramatically (Grün et al., 1994). Here we report on two years of Ulysses post-Jupiter data covering the range of ecliptic latitudes from 0° to –54° and distances from 5.4 to 3.2 AU. We find that, over this time period, the flux of interstellar dust particles with a mean mass of 3·10^–13 g stays nearly constant at about 1·10^–4, m^–2 s^–1 ( sr)^–1, with both ecliptic latitude and heliocentric distance.Also presented are 20 months of measurements from the identical dust sensor onboard the Galileo spacecraft which moved along an in-ecliptic orbit from 1.0 to 4.2 AU. From the impact direction and speeds of the measured dust particles we conclude that Galileo almost certainly sensed interstellar dust outside 2.8 AU; interstellar particles may also account for part of the flux seen between 1 and 2.8 AU.     

In situ measurements of interstellar dust with the Ulysses and Galileo spaceprobes

Interstellar dust was first identified by the dust sensor onboard Ulysses after the Jupiter flyby in February 1992. These findings were confirmed by the Galileo experiment on its outbound orbit from Earth to Jupiter. Although modeling results show that interstellar dust is also present at the Earth orbit, a direct identification of interstellar grains from geometrical arguments is only possible outside of 2.5 AU. The flux of interstellar dust with masses greater than 6 · 10^–14 g is about 1 · 10^–4 m ^–2 s ^–1 at ecliptic latitudes and at heliocentric distances greater than 1AU. The mean mass of the interstellar particles is 3 · 10^–13 g. The flux arrives from a direction which is compatible with the influx direction of the interstellar neutral Helium of 252° longitude and 5.2° latitude but it may deviate from this direction by 15 – 20°.     

Radio Frequency Fluctuation Spectra During the Solar Conjunctions of the Ulysses and Galileo Spacecraft

Temporal power spectra have been computed from recordings of the downlink frequency fluctuations of the Galileo and Ulysses radio signals during their solar conjunctions. Both the equatorial streamer belt and the polar coronal holes were investigated over a range of ray path solar offset distances from 4 to 80 R_⊙. By combining gapless data from successive tracking passes, Doppler scintillation power spectra could be computed down to extremely low frequencies. Some spectra feature a low-frequency turnover at frequencies around 0.1 mHz that could be interpreted as an outer scale of density turbulence in the coronal plasma. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Ulysses/Galileo observations of type III radio bursts and associated in-situ electrons and Langmuir waves

Both the Ulysses and Galileo spacecraft detected energetic electrons and Langmuir waves that were associated with a type III radio burst on 10 December 1990. At the time of these observations, these spacecraft were in the ecliptic plane and separated by 0.4 AU, with Galileo near the Earth at 1 AU and Ulysses at 1.36 AU. From the measured electron arrival times, the propagation path lengths of the electrons to both Ulysses and Galileo were estimated to be significantly longer than the length of the Parker spiral. These long path lengths are interpreted as due to draping of the interplanetary magnetic field lines around a CME. The onset times of the Langmuir waves at Ulysses and Galileo coincided with the estimated arrival time of the 9 keV and 14 keV electrons, respectively.     

Future Commercial Directions in Environmental Remote Sensing from Space

Potential developments are considered for commercial applications of environmental remote sensing from space. The key areas affecting the possible growth of commercial markets that apply the sciences of meteorology, oceanography, and hydrology are discussed and projections made for 1985-2000. These areas include technology developments, markets, fiscal issues, political/legal/regulatory issues, and others. The growth will not be primarily limited by technology, but important uncertainties exist in the fiscal, political, and market development areas. With proper definition of government and commercial roles, both sectors can continue to maintain U. S. leadership in this area.     

Indian National Remote Sensing Agency

The functions and capabilities of the Indian National Remote Sensing Agency are summarized. The principal goals of the Indian National Remote Sensing Agency are: the development and implementation of the indigenous remote sensing satellite program; continuous buildup and improvement of the facilities for generation of products from various sensor data; and development and utilization of new applications techniques for resource monitoring to facilitate technology transfer to the many user agencies     

新型遥感图像增强技术

基于方向辅助信号和所需带宽,提出一种基于各向异性BEMD的遥感图像融合增强算法。首先,给定的方向辅助信号和其对应负信号加到原始信号中去,构建两个待分解信号;然后,应用传统BEMD把两个待分解信号进行分解,获取的分量相加得到对应的IMFs,辅助信引同时在相加的过程中被移除,同时该过程有效地避免了边界效应和模式混叠,该方法...     

Remote Attitude Sensing with Polarization-Modulated Light

A system concept for remote measurement of vehicle orientation with only passive devices mounted on a vehicle is presented. Three channels of polarization-modulated light are used to determine all three degrees of freedom of vehicle orientation. Two important system components are described, a polarization rotator and a retroreflector which leaves the polarization state invariant. Also, the method of data reduction is outlined and the system accuracy is discussed.     

Remote Sensing: The Next 50 Years

Remote sensing is viewed as a complete system for observing and managing man's environment on Earth. The sensing portion of the system consists of space, air, and ground observing platforms, sensors, communications, computational capabilities and interpretation, and recognition algorithms. The data are put to use using environmental models, geographic information systems, and management models. Progress and potentials in each of these system elements are reviewed and projected. Existing and potential uses are sketched and certain institutional, diplomatic, and national security issues are identified. Some underlying reasons for belief in continued progress are mentioned and the need for certain crucial choices in the future stated which will determine which of a number of possible futures will be realized.     

Gareth Rees,Remote Sensing Data Book

Space Science Reviews -     

遥感图像的亚像素配准技术研究

高分辨遥感技术在军民领域应用广泛,图像配准技术是高分辨遥感图像的预处理技术。实际的机载和星载遥感成像仪,由于自身成像原理和成像仪平台抖动原因,出现了遥感图像亚像素偏移误差。对亚像素图像配准技术进行系统研究,对高精度亚像素配准算法进行研究分析,并对其算法进行仿真、处理,对仿真的结果进行系统分析,通过误差分析提出配准误差修正算法,修正算法对亚像素配准进行了很好的改进,达到遥感图像预处理的目的。     

Comet Geology with Deep Impact Remote Sensing

The Deep Impact mission will provide the highest resolution images yet of a comet nucleus. Our knowledge of the makeup and structure of cometary nuclei, and the processes shaping their surfaces, is extremely limited, thus use of the Deep Impact data to show the geological context of the cratering experiment is crucial. This article briefly discusses some of the geological issues of cometary nuclei.     

FTIR发射光谱遥测飞机发动机排放指数

根据飞机发动机排放测量的要求,针对传统测试系统复杂、技术难度大、成本高和实时性差的缺点,引入傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）被动遥测技术,使用FTIR发射光谱对飞机发动机排放气体组分进行定量分析,计算出排放指数。介绍了遥感测量原理和大气辐射的一个3层计算模型。采用Tensor27在无人机测试台获得某型发动机的一系列单通道光谱,计算出在14%,26%,50%,69%最大推力下,对应CO的排放指数分别为40.00,30.70,6.67,2.56 g/kg,对应NO的排放指数分别为0.79,2.09,8.24,38.70 g/kg。结果表明,FTIR发射光谱技术在飞行中的飞机发动机排放测试中具有巨大的应用前景。     

TM遥感影像的多元统计融合

研究一种基于多元统计模型的TM影像的融合策略,融合的目的是利用其它6个高分辨率波段的信息来增强第6波段的空间分辨率。实验结果证明这种方法对于增加第6波段的分辨率具有较为显著的效果。     

Chapter 2 - Remote Sensing of Auroral Arcs

Space Science Reviews -     

无人机遥感图像融合算法综述

遥感图像拼接融合技术可分为"像素级""特征级""决策级"3个级别;根据各级别特点,无人机遥感图像的融合应采用像素级的融合方法。文章对一些常见的像素级融合方法进行了简要描述,重点介绍了3种经典的图像融合方法,讲述了可以根据哪些指标对一幅图像从主观与客观两方面进行评价;在实验阶段,对3种经典融合方法进行了实验验证与性能分析。     

遥感影像中电磁特性数据挖掘

从数据挖掘和遥感信息提取的概念出发,提出了遥感影像中电磁特性数据挖掘的思想,从电子信息装备试验对电磁特性数据的需求和SAR影像数据处理的需求出发,重点完成了基于电磁特性的地物分类和面向对象的遥感影像电磁特性数据挖掘,其中面向对象的遥感影像电磁特性数据挖掘包含遥感影像准备与数据预处理、影像分割、对象的层次结构、规则建立、电磁特性数据获取、信息提取等六个部分,最后把理论方法进行了实践,为大批量获取遥感影像中的电磁特性数据提供了方法支持。     

基于CenterNet的航空遥感图像目标检测

为实现高精度的航空图像目标检测,将Anchor free的目标检测算法CenterNet应用到检测中,同时使用Resnet50主干网络,并引入CIoU损失替代原有损失函数对网络模型做出了改进。改进后的算法在RSOD与DIOR数据集上进行测试,结果显示在保证网络轻量化的前提下检测精度有明显的提高,证明了算法在航空目标检测方面的可行性与准确性。