频率不变宽带波束形成权重系数的稀疏优化

在基本的傅里叶变换频率不变波束形成(FIB)基础上,从减少抽头权重系数数量,降低FIB运算量角度出发,提出基于最小l0范数的抽头权重系数稀疏优化模型,并采用正交匹配追踪(OMP)算法来求解该优化问题。在高增益、等波纹、低旁瓣FIB方向图的要求下,所提出的优化方法使得稀疏率降低到3.53%,且能够保证稀疏优化后的方向图误差小于1%。接着进一步开展阵元数量的稀疏优化,有效地减少了阵元通道数,进一步降低了算法实现的硬件复杂度。仿真结果验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性。     

用VHDL硬件描述语言设计波形发生器

论述了FPGA（现场可编程门阵列）与DAC（数模转换）的联合设计，介绍了利用VHDL硬件描述语言完成波形发生的设计方法。     

Adapitive waveform design for distributed OFDM MIMO radar system in multi-target scenario

In order to improve detection and estimation performance of distributed Orthogonal-Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar system in multi-target scene, we propose a novel approach of Adaptive Waveform Design (AWD) based on a constrained Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO). The sparse measurement model of this radar system is derived, and the method based on decomposed Dantzig selectors is applied for the sparse recovery according to the block structures of the sparse vector and the system matrix. An AWD approach is proposed, which optimizes two objective functions, namely minimizing the upper bound of the recovery error and maximizing the weakest-target return, by adjusting the complex weights of the emitting waveform amplitudes. Several numerical simulations are provided and their results show that the detection and estimation performance of the radar system is improved significantly when this MOO-based AWD approach is applied to the distributed OFDM MIMO radar system. Especially, we verify the effectiveness of our AWD approach when the available samples are reduced severally and the technique of compressed sensing is introduced.     

基于DSP的SPWM变频电源的设计

本文主要介绍了基于正弦脉宽调制(SPWM)变频电源的软硬件设计方法.主电路由不可控整流及智能功率模块( IPM)电路组成,使得变频电源具有较高的可靠性;控制部分采用TI公司的DSP实现了基于单极倍频的SPWM波形的数字化生成算法,该算法具有谐波失真小等优点,另外在软件设计中采用了双闭环数字PID控制方法,使得变频电源的输出稳定性得到了进一步的提升.     

有限元线性方程组改进的全稀疏存贮方法

有限元线性方程组的系数矩阵一般具有稀疏性和对称性的特点,全稀疏存贮方法就是利用这些特点,只存贮对称部分的非零元素,采用链表式管理,即节省存贮空间,又便于动态更改;但在实际求解计算时,查找元素花费的时间较多;这里给出了一种改进的方法,是在链表的基础上生成相应的线性表,能够方便快速查询元素,使存贮结构同时具有链表和线性表的优点.数值算例证明该存贮方案在时间和存贮上都较为占优,可靠高效,能够应用于有限元线性方程组的求解.     

基于CPLD的多功能信号发生器设计

本文介绍了一种基于CPLD的直接数字频率合成(DDFS)的实现方法，详细阐述了采用此技术设计多功能信号发生器的方法。     

High Range Resolution Profile Automatic Target Recognition Using Sparse Representation

Sparse representation is a new signal analysis method which is receiving increasing attention in recent years. In this article, a novel scheme solving high range resolution profile automatic target recognition for ground moving targets is proposed. The sparse representation theory is applied to analyzing the components of high range resolution profiles and sparse coefficients are used to describe their features. Numerous experiments with the target type number ranging from 2 to 6 have been implemented. Results show that the proposed scheme not only provides higher recognition preciseness in real time, but also achieves more robust performance as the target type number increases.     

大型稀疏复线性方程组双共轭梯度法

有限元复线性方程组的系数矩阵一般具有稀疏性和对称性的特点,全稀疏存贮方法就是利用这些特点,只存贮对称部分的非零元素,采用链表式管理,即节省存贮空间,又便于动态更改.在一般双共轭梯度法的基础上,本文利用广义变分原理对内积进行了重新定义,使双共轭梯度法求解复线性方程组更为有效.数值算例表明这种双共轭梯度法结合全稀疏存贮方案的求解算法在时间和存贮上都较为占优,可靠高效,能够应用于有限元线性方程组的求解.     

Tracking considerations in selection of radar waveform for rangeand range-rate measurements

The conventional approach for tracking system design is to treat the detection and tracking subsystems as completely independent units. However, the two subsystems can be designed jointly to improve system (tracking) performance. It is known that different radar signal waveforms result in very different resolution cell shapes (for example, a rectangle versus an eccentric parallelogram) in the range/range-rate space, and that there are corresponding differences in overall tracking performance. We develop a framework for the analysis of this performance. An imperfect detection process, false alarms, target dynamics, and the matched filter sampling grid are all accounted for, using the Markov chain approach of Li and Bar-Shalom. The role of the grid is stressed, and it is seen that the measurement-extraction process from contiguous radar "hits" is very important. A number of conclusions are given, perhaps the most interesting of which is the corroboration in the new measurement space of Fitzgerald's result for delay-only (i.e., range) measurements, that a linear FM upsweep offers very good tracking performance     

Trajectory Estimation with Multi-range-rate System Based on Sparse Representation and Spline Model Optimization

The classic state methods for trajectory estimation in boost phase with multi-range-rate system include method of point-by-point manner and that of spline-model-based manner. Both are deficient in terms of model-approximation accuracy and systematic error determination thus resulting in the estimation errors well beyond the requirements, especially, concerning the maneuvering trajectory. This article proposes a new high-precision estimation approach based on the residual error analysis. The residual error comprises three components, i. e. systematic error, model truncation error and random error. The approach realizes self-adaptive estimation of systematic errors in measurements following the theory of sparse representation of signals to minimize the low-frequency components of residual errors. By taking median- and high-frequency components as indexes, the spline model-approximation is improved by optimizing node sequence of the spline function and the weight selection for data fusion through iteration. Simulation has validated the performances of the proposed method.     

Optimization of waveform and detection threshold for range and range-rate tracking in clutter

We address an optimization problem to obtain the combined sequence of waveform parameters (pulse amplitudes and lengths, and FM sweep rates) and detection thresholds for optimal range and range-rate tracking in clutter. The optimal combined sequence minimizes a tracking performance index under a set of parameter constraints. The performance index includes the probability of track loss and a function of estimation error covariances. The track loss probability and the error covariances are predicted using a hybrid conditional average algorithm. The effect of the false alarms and clutter interference is taken into account in the prediction. A measurement model in explicit form is also presented which is developed based on the resolution cell in the delay-Doppler plane for a single Gaussian pulse. Numerical experiments were performed to solve the optimization problem for several examples.     

故障率预测的稀疏直接支持向量回归机方法

为改善直接支持向量回归机(DSVMR)的稀疏性,提出一种适用于DSVMR的剪样训练算法.该算法利用矩阵变换实现剪样前后DSVMR的递推求解,提高了剪样训练过程中DSVMR多次训练的计算效率.混沌时间序列预测仿真表明,该算法有效改善了DSVMR的稀疏性,且计算效率较基于Cholesky分解的剪样训练算法有显著提高.飞机故障率预测实例表明,经剪样训练后的DSVMR的预测精度高于BP(back-propagation)神经网络预测方法与RBF(radial casis function)神经网络预测方法.     

COM开发中不同语言Sparse V-Tables接口问题的研究

基于从事COM相关开发和研究的实际经验,本文对于Microsoft公司和Borland公司对于Sparse V-Tables的处理方式进行了研究和实验,并提出了解决此类意外AV问题的方法.     

Two novel automatic frequency tracking loops

Two automatic-frequency-control loops are introduced and analyzed in detail. The algorithms are generalizations of the well-known cross-product automatic-frequency-control loop with improved performance. The first estimator uses running overlapping discrete Fourier transforms (DFTs) to create a discriminator curve proportional to the frequency estimation error, whereas the second one preprocesses the received data and then uses an extended Kalman filter to estimate the input frequency. The algorithms are tested by computer simulations in a low carrier-to-noise-ratio (CNR) and highly dynamic environment. The algorithms are suboptimum tracking schemes with a larger frequency error variance compared to an optimum strategy, but they offer simplicity of mechanization and a CNR with a very low operating threshold     

建筑性能化防火设计中火灾场景设定浅析

建筑性能化设计准则是未来建筑防火设计的发展趋势。火灾场景设计是性能化设计的关键步骤。本文描述了火灾场景设计的内容和原则,火灾场景的分类,影响火灾场景的参数。火灾场景设定可以帮助分析后续建筑内人员在烟气移动,疏散通道被阻条件下的火灾风险。     

Ultra low frequency waves in the magnetosphere

The behaviour of continuous pulsations pc 2–5 observed on the ground has been known for some time. They seldom occur at night, their amplitudes generally increase towards the auroral zones and the sense of rotation of their polarisation often agrees with surface waves on the magnetopause. Recently ULF sonagrams for middle latitudes have shown systematic behaviour and dominant periods. Theoretical study of normal modes for symmetrical models is also well established. If the wave depends on longitude like e ^im , modes with large m are quasi-transverse and these are likely to be excited and will be emphasised.The Kelvin-Helmholtz instability has recently been studied in a general formulation. For given fields and plasma properties on both sides of the boundary, a plot of critical wind speed against the direction of the wave fronts shows a cusp, meaning that for most directions of the wind the onset of instability will correspond to the cusp and the nature of the waves can be predicted from this. Almost circularly polarised waves are predicted confirming an earlier heuristic suggestion.Magnetic data from Explorer 33 shows rather irregular disturbance near the magnetopause, but an integration designed to show the sense of rotation of the polarisation shows clear agreement. The disturbance outside the magnetopause also shows the predicted polarisation, indicating that a substantial part of it must be due to surface waves, whereas previously it was believed to be the turbulence of the magnetosheath.Bounce resonance has also been invoked to excite ULF waves, particularly those observed at the geostationary orbit, which may also correspond to pg at the ground. They are remarkably regular and quite strictly transverse, suggesting large m. Energetic particles may then see a higher frequency as a result of their drift. A simple picture of the exchange of energy is obtained using a frame rotating with the wave and it is seen that the wave can be driven by a spatial gradient in the energetic particles. The most important mechanism is due to the tilting of the field lines and the growth rate can be large. The reflection by the ionosphere requires further study.     

A fixed frequency LCL-Type series resonant converter

A fixed frequency LCL-type series resonant converter (SRC) which uses an inductive output filter is proposed. Steady-state analysis of the converter is presented using complex ac circuit analysis. Based on the analysis, a simple design procedure is given. Detailed space integrated control experiment (SPICE) simulation results are presented to evaluate the performance of the designed converter under varying load and supply voltage conditions. Also, detailed experimental results obtained from a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) based 500 W converter are presented to verify the analysis and SPICE simulation results. The results obtained from the analysis, SPICE simulation and the experimental converter are compared. The proposed converter requires a narrow variation in pulsewidth while maintaining lagging power factor mode of operation for a very wide variation in the load as well as supply voltage