试飞确定电传飞控系统稳定裕度

根据飞控系统稳定裕度的要求,给出了几种求取稳定裕度的方法,尤其是提出的基于返回误差阵奇异值的稳定裕度判定方法,可解决多通道多回路复杂交联系统的稳定裕度评价问题。     

On Higher Order Discrete Phase-Locked Loops

An exact mathematical model is developed for a discrete loop of a general order particularly suitable for digital computation. The deterministic response of the loop to the phase step and the frequency step is investigated. The design of the digital filter for the second-order loop is considered. Use is made of the incremental phase plane to study the phase error behavior of the loop. The model of the noisy loop is derived and the optimization of the loop filter for minimum mean-square error is considered.     

Optimum Strategies for Minimum Time Frequency Transitions in Phase-Locked Loops

Pontryagin's maximum principle is applied to minimize the time for a phase-locked loop to lock to a step change in frequency. In particular, a Type II phase-locked loop is considered in detail. Phase control and frequency control of the input signal are analyzed with the nonlinearity of the phase detector taken into consideration. It is shown that application of Pontryagin's maximum principle offers a decided advantage in shortening this time by proper control.     

Thermal cyclotron radiation from a hot coronal loop with helical magnetic field

The spectral and polarization properties of thermal cyclotron radio emission from a hot coronal loop with a current along the axis are computed. The magnetic field is supposed to have a component along the loop axis as well as a poloidal part due to the current, both components being of comparable magnitude. In this specific configuration a helical magnetic field is present with a remarkable minimum of its absolute value along the loop axis and a maximum at its periphery. The presence of one or two maxima of magnetic field value along the line of sight results in increasing optical thickness of the gyroresonance layers at appropriate frequencies in the microwave band and, therefore, in enhanced radio emission at those harmonics which are optically thin (for example,s=4). These cannot be observed in models with the commonly employed magnetic field configuration (longitudinal along the loop axis).We show that the frequency spectrum of thermal cyclotron radiation from a hot coronal loop with a helical magnetic field differs from that of the standards-component source (with smooth frequency characteristics and polarization corresponding toe-mode) in that plenty of fine structures (line-like features and cut-offs) are present and theo-mode is prevalent in some frequency intervals. The enhanced radio emission at high harmonics and the complicated form of frequency spectrum in the model considered imply that some microwave sources, which are poorly explained in traditional models of solar active regions, may be associated with helical magnetic fields in hot coronal loops. Computations allow one to indicate spectral and polarizational peculiarities of local sources testifying to the presence of a helical magnetic field.     

Frequency Tracking Characteristics of Split-Loop Phase-Locked Receivers

The excess time delay introduced by the incorporation of the intermediate frequency (IF) stage within the phase-locked loop (PLL) causes serious deterioration in the acquisition and tracking performance of the loop. The split-loop phase-locked system suggested by McGeehan and Sladen considerably reduces the effect of time delay on the acquisition and tracking performance of the loop. The frequency acquisition characteristics of the split-loop phase-locked receiver is investigated, and the effect of possible asymmetry in the arms of the loop on the acquisition range is examined. Closed-form approximate formulas are derived, and a comparison between split-, long-, and short-loop acquisition performance is presented.     

北斗导航接收机频率稳定度传递算法

为了提高北斗导航接收机的灵敏度,提升其弱信号跟踪能力,通常需要利用长时间的相干积分来提高环路信噪比。但是,当相干积分时间加长到一定程度时,环路性能反而有所下降,信噪比提升也不能达到理论值。针对由剩余频率误差和晶振误差引起的相干积分能量损失问题,主要研究了频率偏差对环路跟踪性能的影响,并提出了利用频率稳定度传递策略辅助弱信号跟踪的方法,解决了北斗导航接收机弱信号跟踪性能提升的问题,最大程度地改善了相干积分的效果,实现了对弱信号的跟踪。利用软件接收机平台对提出的频率稳定度传递算法进行验证,仿真结果表明该算法可使环路信噪比提升4dB ~5dB,充分说明了其可行性及有效性。     

Carrier loop architectures for tracking weak GPS signals

The performance of various carrier recovery loop architectures (phase lock loop (PLL), Doppler-aided PLL, frequency lock loop (FLL), and Doppler-aided FLL) in tracking weak GPS signals are analyzed and experimentally validated. The effects of phase or frequency detector design, oscillator quality, coherent averaging time, and external Doppler aiding information on delaying loss of lock are quantified. It is shown that for PLLs the metric of total phase jitter is a reliable metric for assessing low C/N performance of the tracking loop provided the loop bandwidth is not too small (~> 5 Hz). For loop bandwidths that are not too small, total phase jitter accurately predicts carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) at which loss of lock occurs. This predicted C/N is very close to the C/N predicted by bit error rate (BER). However, unlike BER, total phase jitter can be computed in real-time and an estimator for it is developed and experimentally validated. Total phase jitter is not a replacement for BER, since at low bandwidths it is less accurate than BER in that the receiver loses lock at a higher C/N than predicted by the estimator. Similarly, for FLLs operating at small loop bandwidths, it is found that normalized total frequency jitter is not a reliable metric for assessing loss of lock in weak signal or low C/N conditions. At small loop bandwidths, while total frequency jitter may indicate that a loop is still tracking, the Doppler estimates provided by the FLL will be biased.     

Phase-Frequency Detection in Sampled Phase-Locked Frequency Mlultipliers

Phase-locked high-frequency multipliers which do not have powergreedy frequency dividers in the feedback loop, but which do have a sample-and-hold circuit as a phase detector are hard to design, due to conflicting requirements which determine the choice for loop gain and loop bandwidth. A circuit is described that acts as a frequency control if the loop is not locked and as a phase control once the loop can be locked. The loop filter has to be optimized for the locked condition only, and the allowable preset error is more than 80 percent of the sample frequency. The circuit also indicates whether the oscillator frequency is an odd or an even multiple of the sample frequency. Pull-in is at least an order of magnitude faster than with phase control alone.     

Design of the HEAO Main Bus Shunt Regulator

The High Energy Astronomy Observatory (HEAO) main bus regulator contains a redundant error amplifier (REA) and a 12-section sequenced shunt transconductance amplifier (STA) in which not more than three and not less than one shunt section are in an active control mode regardless of a failure in any one of the twelve sections. The part of the work concerned with the shaping of the frequency response of the REA and STA minor feedback loops and of the teolator major feedback loop is described. Emphasis is on the application of a general design technique embodying a "design-analyze-measure iteration loop," in which a first-cut design and analysis is corrected ard improved after experimental observation of discrepancies and deficiencies. In particular, an incipient high-frequency oscillation was thereby reliably eliminated. It is demonstrated that analysis techniques involving a minimum of algebra can provide full quantitative information on an efficient and reliable system design.     

三角翼俯仰振荡中若干参数影响的实验研究

本文研究一个 6 0°三角翼以不同振荡频率 ,不同振幅从不同起始迎角进行俯仰振荡的纵向气动力特性 ,研究发现跨越具有不同时间尺度的流态的振荡会产生明显的气动力迟滞现象 ,这一迟滞现象随减缩频率的增大有一个极限值 ;在同一种流态下振荡 ,气动力迟滞现象不明显 ,这一结果对充分利用非定常气动力有指导意义。     

一种基于参数控制的低轨星载接收机载波跟踪算法CSCD

低轨星座接收机面临大多普勒频移及频繁快速换星等设计约束,对其载波跟踪环路设计提出了较高的动态适应性与跟踪精度要求。针对以上问题,提出了一种基于参数控制的载波跟踪算法。该算法引入环路控制因子参数,将环路滤波器分为牵引和跟踪两阶段。基于理论建模推导环路控制因子的最优参数配置原则,指导实现牵引和跟踪两种状态滤波器的协同配合,在牵引阶段有效引导大多普勒信号快速入锁,在跟踪阶段精确估计载波频移参数,实现基于低轨星载平台的GNSS信号快速准确跟踪。理论与仿真结果均表明基于参数控制的载波跟踪算法能够有效提升环路的动态适应性与跟踪精度,满足低轨星载接收机的设计需求。与传统算法相比,该算法在保证信号跟踪精度的同时,能够将收敛时间缩短78%,且环路设计简单,易于硬件实现。     

DTFT-based frequency lock loop for GNSS applications

A frequency lock loop (FLL) for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) applications is described here. The core element is the discrete time Fourier transform (DTFT), that leads to a maximum likelihood (ML) frequency estimation and can be conveniently implemented in a software defined radio (SDR) HW platform. The algorithm is based on the iterative evaluation of DTFTs in a single frequency until the incoming frequency is locked.     

直升机着舰纵向下滑控制系统仿真研究

采用ＬＱＧ／ＬＴＲ方法设计了直升机着舰纵向下滑控制系统,其中包括建立直升机增广系统的数学模型,确定控制器的频域范围匐棒性边界条件,反馈回路的设计和回路传递函数在输出端的恢复。在给出该控制系统仿真框图的基础上,利用仿真软件进行数字仿真。最后,对仿真结果中直升机高度、速度随机－舰距离和时间的变化曲线进行了分析,得到了一些有工程应用价值的研究结果。     

捷联导引头隔离度分析与寄生回路滤波器设计

分析了捷联导引头惯性视线角速度提取的间接解耦方法与直接解耦方法的制导回路特点以及两种方法的等效关系,推导了描述捷联导引头隔离度的表达式并讨论了隔离度对制导回路的影响。通过设计寄生回路滤波器使导引头测量信息传递通道与姿态测量信息传递通道的时频特性一致,抑制信号测量与传递过程中的噪声干扰。最后通过仿真算例验证了滤波器的有效性。     

Interferences in Phase-Locked Loops

An analysis of the behavior of a second-order phase-locked loop is presented when an unwanted signal is added to the useful signal. Both signals are sinusoidal and unmodulated, and the analysis is made in the absence of additive noise. When the loop remains locked on the useful signal, a parasitic signal exists at the phase detector output. This signal produces a parasitic phase modulation of the VCO and a static phase error in the loop. The parasitic signal amplitude, the parasitic phase modulation index, and the static phase error are calculated. A necessary condition for the loop to remain in lock is derived. When the loop is initially unlocked, locking can occur either on the useful signal or on the unwanted signal, depending on the amplitude ratio and the frequency difference of the two signals. A formula allowing one to compute the pull-in time is obtained. When the loop locks on the useful signal, acquisition can be slower or faster than in the absence of an unwanted signal. The same phenomenon is observed when the loop locks on the unwanted signal.     

电动舵机中的电流环分析及校正

以电动舵机中电流控制问题为研究对象,通过对直流电机电流数学建模及频域分析,阐述了常规电流环控制器校正后的电流频率响应特性。针对电流负反馈容易引入测量噪声、采样延时带来不稳定等问题,提出呆用陷波滤波器串联校正电流的频率特性,并给出了滤波器参数设计方法。分别对串联校正和电流负反馈控制进行了实验验证,结果表明采用陷波滤波器串联校正能够抑制峰值电流,与电流环比例控制效果接近,其实现简单、稳定性好。     

核磁共振陀螺中内嵌碱金属磁力仪研究

核磁共振陀螺利用核自旋的闭环磁共振实现角速度的测量,其磁共振信号一般由内嵌碱金属磁力仪测出。为了提高磁力仪性能,对描述磁力仪的Bloch方程,采用微扰迭代法和级数展开法,求出了各磁矩分量的近似解,然后讨论了线性测量范围随纵向与横向弛豫时间的变化规律以及频率响应特性。利用数值仿真,对上述近似解析解进行了验证。结果表明,磁力仪的线性测量范围随纵向、横向弛豫时间的增大而减小,其频率响应为一阶低通,截止频率仅与横向弛豫时间有关。上述研究对核磁共振陀螺的优化有一定的参考意义。     

基于多种运行成本最小的机队优化配置研究

为节省航空公司运行成本开支,通过以燃油成本最小、时间成本最小、机场起降费用成本最小为目标函数,以飞机最大航程限制、机场起降条件限制、航班频率限制、旅客座次限制、飞机可用时间限制等为约束条件,建立多目标规划模型。通过实例计算,确定机队优化配置方案,验证了模型的正确性,为航空公司机队规划提供了参考。     

Transient Frequency-Error Statistics in Acquisition of Noiseless First-Order Phase Lock Loop

After a certain time interval from the appearance of a reference signal in a synchronizing system employing a first-order phase lock loop (PLL), the probability that the output frequency error will be higher than a maximum tolerated value is determined. The system is assumed to be noise free.     

加速度冲击对卫星接收机性能影响

基于加速度对晶体振荡器输出频率的影响,研究了加速度冲击对卫星接收机性能的影响。首先,利用ANSYS软件仿真分析了加速度冲击作用对石英晶体形变的影响过程,在此基础上建立加速度冲击环境下卫星接收机参考源晶振的频率偏差数学模型;接着,分析在加速度冲击下由参考晶振频率偏差对接收机射频前端输出中频信号的影响,并结合卫星接收机的工作原理阐述了加速度冲击对其跟踪性能的影响。仿真结果表明,加速度冲击会使接收机跟踪环路的性能恶化,时间较长会引起跟踪环路失锁。