变温热处理过程的相场模拟及其参数标定

航空发动机双性能涡轮盘热处理工艺的研究,大多采用试验的方法建立涡轮盘合金的热处理工艺数据库,但试验法的研究周期长、成本高,提出一种可用于预测变温热处理过程中晶粒演化行为的相场模型。为了模拟不同热处理温度下高温合金的晶粒演化行为,对相场模型进行改进,在相场模型中引入Arrhenius关系,用于描述高温合金晶界运动与温度的量化关系。基于改进的相场模型和拟合的模型参数,计算分析热处理过程中晶粒尺寸的变化和形貌演化规律。结果表明:计算数据与试验数据吻合,晶粒的演化规律与理论分析和试验观察结果一致,证明了拟合的Arrhenius关系中的晶界迁移速率M适用于模拟相应温度下的热处理过程,同时,以上结果也验证了该模型改进方法的可行性及其拟合参数的准确性。     

基于热解过程的EPDM变热物性数值传热

针对三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)类绝热材料热载荷作用下的热解炭化过程,基于热解动力学和多孔介质传质传热理论,建立了芳纶/EPDM绝热材料热物性参数随温度和时间变化的变热物性模型,并通过与实验的对比,验证了模型的准确性与可靠性。随后对热载荷作用下的烧蚀热响应开展了数值计算,结果表明:热载荷作用初期,材料表面升温迅速,随着能量不断传递,温度推进速率明显降低,炭化层厚度增长减慢,部分材料仍为原始状态;温度对热解反应速率的影响呈指数级,距表面越近反应速率越快,反之则慢。所提出的变热物性模型对绝热材料的烧蚀研究具有一定的参考价值。      

变截面U形通道内肋高对换热特性影响的实验

采用实验方法研究了在定常状态下, 肋的高度对横肋变截面U形通道内的换热特性的影响。通道内肋间距为15 mm, 肋的宽度均为2 mm, 肋的高度分别为1, 1.5, 2 mm和2.5 mm。雷诺数在12 000到56 000之间变化, 采用单元分析法, 以相同形状的无肋通道作为基准, 研究了肋的高度对肋间距为15 mm通道的换热效果及阻力影响, 得到了包括几何参数在内的经验关联式。结果表明, 有肋的通道换热都得到了增强;肋高度的变化对变截面蛇形通道换热的影响不是单调的, 而是呈多峰分布;肋的高度对阻力系数的影响却是随着肋高的增大而增大的。      

Mathematical modeling of thermal modes of thermosyphons in operation with characteristic heat loads of aircraft equipment batteries

Numerical analysis of thermal conditions for a two-phase closed thermosyphon using the ANSYS FLUENT software package has been carried out. The characteristic temperature distribution, streamlines and velocity vectors for various heat loads have been obtained. The study has found the possibility of using the software package for analysis of the energy transfer processes at high thermal loads.     

Navier–Stokes computation of heat transfer and aero-heating modeling for supersonic projectiles

In supersonic flight, Armor Piercing Fin Stabilized Discarding Sabot (APFSDS) projectiles are submitted to a high level of heating and structural loading. We have developed a numerical approach based on 3-D RANS and 2-D coupled aero-heating/conduction computations in order to understand and predict this severe aero-thermal environment. Experimental external aerodynamic and heating load tests have been conducted in a high speed wind tunnel. Computations were compared to experimental results, semi-empirical formulations and evaluations carried out in similar studies elsewhere. A very close agreement was obtained.     

基于三维实体建模的刷式密封传热机理数值研究

建立了基于三维实体建模的刷式密封传热特性求解模型,在验证数值模型准确性的基础上,分析了刷式密封流场与温度场分布特性,研究了压比、转速、干涉量和热流密度对刷丝最高温度的影响,揭示了刷式密封的传热机理。结果表明:高温区主要集中在末排刷丝与转子面接触位置,刷丝的最高温度随着压比、转速、干涉量和热流密度增加而增大,其中干涉量对刷丝最高温度的影响最为明显。当干涉量从0.1 mm增至0.7 mm时,刷丝的最高温度上升1.61倍;刷式密封热量的主要来源为刷丝与转子表面摩擦产生的热量,其传热形式包括导热和对流换热,摩擦热量通过导热形式进入刷丝和转子,当刷丝与转子之间的接触力增加时,摩擦热量增大,刷丝的最高温度升高,摩擦热量通过对流换热形式在流体和固体之间进行传递,热量散失主要形式为泄漏气流带走部分热量。      

一种两管径式脉动热管的流动与传热特性

为提高脉动热管的传热特性,提出了一种两管径式脉动热管结构,并基于质量、动量和能量守恒方程发展了适用的物理和数学模型。这种两管径式脉动热管对蒸发段和冷凝段取不同管径,两者的比值定义为直径比,应用上述理论模型分析了直径比对脉动热管运动规律和传热特性的影响。结果显示:采用两管径结构,可以有效提升脉动热管的自激振荡机制,特别是直径比小于1时的情况。而从传热特性而言,相比于传统等管径式脉动热管(直径比等于1),采用直径比小于1的结构可以使脉动热管的热阻明显减小,采用直径比大于1的结构却反而使传热特性下降。     

Mathematical modeling of cruciform parachute deployment

A problem of cruciform parachute deployment is considered. The process of deployment is simulated using the present-day numerical methods in the continuum mechanics, that is, the method of concentrated masses and the method of vortex frames. The calculation results are compared with the experimental data.     

Mathematical modeling of unloading a linear shock cord used in aircraft engineering

A mathematical model of accelerating a body along the inclined and horizontal rails under the tension force of the prestretched shock cord has been developed and numerically realized. The nonlinearity of load-strain dependence is taken into account. The shock cord is modeled as an absolutely flexible deformable thread. The results of numerical study are compared with the experiment data.     

周期性变截面微通道热沉内流体流动与传热特性

以去离子水为冷却工质,对周期性变截面微通道热沉内流体流动与传热特性进行了实验研究.获得了流体流过周期性变截面微通道热沉内的摩擦阻力系数、Nu数、不同热流密度下的加热膜温度、热阻和泵功的关系,并与传统直通道进行比较分析,结果显示周期性变截面微通道热沉由于流体冲击肋侧壁,增加了局部阻力,导致消耗的泵功增加,但换热能力却有了显著的提高,壁面温差减小,具有非常优越的换热性能,能够满足高热流密度微电子器件冷却的需要.      

一种微小型平板式热管的传热性能分析

对一种微小型平板式热管的传热特性在自然对流和强制对流冷却条件下进行了试验研究.并与同尺寸实心铝板的传热性能进行了试验对比.分析了加热功率、冷却强度的变化对平板热管传热性能的影响规律.结果表明:该微小型平板式热管具有良好的启动特性和均温特性.该平板热管的当量导热系数可达到其管壳材料导热系数的12.7倍,强化传热能力的效果相当明显,又克服了传统平板热管抗压能力较差、无法加工较大散热面积的弱点,在电子设备的散热冷却领域具有良好的应用前景.      

Experiment of heat transfer in oscillating turbulent flow in a pipe with constant heat flux

Heat transfer characteristics of oscillating turbulent air flow in a pipe heated with constant heat flux were experimentally investigated.The experiments were performed over a range of 245.7 to 902 of the kinetic Reynolds number and 25 to 175 of the dimensionless oscillation amplitude.The effects of these two dimensionless parameters were analyzed.The results show that the cycle-averaged local Nusselt number increases with both the kinetic Reynolds number and the dimensionless oscillation amplitude.The space-cycle averaged Nusselt number also effectively increases with the kinetic Reynolds number and the dimensionless oscillation amplitude.Based on the experimental data,a correlation equation of the space-cycle averaged Nusselt number for air in terms of these two dimensionless parameters has been obtained.      

直接供气预旋转静系流动和换热数值模拟

采用CFD商业软件FLUENT分别从维度模型和湍流模型两个角度对接近真实的高压涡轮旋转盘腔进行数值模拟,研究了一种直接供气预旋转静系旋转盘腔模型内的流动和换热特性.通过计算研究发现:低位腔内的流动仅由中心入流控制,二维计算不能反映高位腔内中心入流与预旋入流的掺混;二维和三维计算所得的腔内压力分布相似,实验值介于两者之间;主盘面的换热主要受中心入流控制,二维和三维计算差别不大,Realizable k-ε湍流模型在定性和定量上均能更好地反映换热实验结果.      

Analysis of the buoyancy-induced heat transfer in a rotating cavity

In order to get a better knowledge of the heat transfer in compressor cavities of aero-engines, the simplified rotating cavity with two-plane discs, a shaft and a cylindrical rim has been investigated numerically and compared with the available measurements. The numerical results in agreement with the available experiments show large-scale instabilities. The disk local Nusselt numbers show mainly radial rising distributions for the heated disks with radial rising temperature profiles. In the present work, at the Reynolds number of 20000, the disk local Nusselt numbers are the correlations of the local Grashof number to the power of 1.89~2.6, and the value of the power is increased as the rotational Reynolds number goes up. At the rotational Reynolds number of 800000, the local Nusselt numbers are the correlations of the local Grashof number to the power of 0.68~2.6, and the value of the power is decreased as Reynolds number goes up. The area-averaged disk Nusselt number is the correlation of the Reynolds number to the power of 0.479 and the rotational Grashof number to the power of 0.12.      

变循环发动机建模技术研究

在对变循环发动机总体结构进行分析的基础上,参考双轴涡扇发动机部件模型的建立方法,建立了变循环发动机部件级数学模型.建立了区分叶根特性和叶尖特性的风扇部件模型,单外涵和双外涵模式的核心驱动风扇级数学模型.根据变循环发动机的特点,建立了反映变几何部件变化的稳态和动态共同工作方程.数字仿真结果表明:所建的变循环发动机模型能够实现工作模式之间的相互转换,并且在低空低马赫数双外涵模式下表现出了涡扇发动机特性,即高推力与低耗油率,而在高空高马赫数单外涵模式下相比涡扇模式提供的推力更大、耗油率更低,符合变循环发动机特点,验证了建模方法的可行性.      

振荡管流换热的解析解及强化换热特性

经求解随时间正弦变化的非定常压力梯度下,管内流体振荡时的运动方程和能量方程,得到了振荡管流换热的速度场、温度场以及当量导温系数的解析解.通过分析可知,影响管内振荡流轴向换热的无量纲参数主要有:无量纲振荡频率,无量纲振幅和流体普朗特数.其中,无量纲振荡频率直接影响流动的速度分布,且随着无量纲振荡频率增加,强化换热效果增强.随着无量纲振幅的增大,管内流动有效导热面积增加,等温面法向温度梯度也增加,使得强化换热效果增强.强化换热效果同样也随流体普朗特数的增加而增强.      

Multi-disciplinary design optimization with variable complexity modeling for a stratosphere airship

This paper proposes a hybrid architecture based on Multi-disciplinary Design Optimization(MDO) with the Variable Complexity Modeling(VCM) method, to solve the problem of general design optimization for a stratosphere airship. Firstly, MDO based on the Concurrent SubSpace Optimization(CSSO) strategy is improved for handling the subsystem coupling problem in stratosphere airship design which contains aerodynamics, structure, and energy. Secondly, the VCM method based on the surrogate model is presented for reducing the computational complexity in high-fidelity modeling without loss of accuracy. Moreover, the global-to-local optimization strategy is added to the architecture to enhance the process. Finally, the result gives a prominent stratosphere airship general solution that validates the feasibility and efficiency of the optimization architecture. Besides, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to outline the critical impact upon stratosphere airship design.     

Time-domain modeling of a cutter exiting a workpiece in the slot milling process

In a milling operation, there must be processes of a cutter entering and exiting the work-piece boundary. The cutter exit is usually in the feed direction and the dynamic response is different from that in the normal cutting process. This paper presents a new time-domain modeling of mechanics and dynamics of the cutter exit process for the slot milling process. The cutter is assumed to exit the workpiece for the first time with one tooth right in the feed direction. The dynamic chip thickness is summed up along the feed direction and compared with the remaining workpiece length in the feed direction to judge whether the cutter is ready to exit the workpiece or not. The developed model is then used for analyzing the cutting force and machining vibration in the cutter exit process. The developed mathematical model is experimentally validated by comparing the simulated forces and vibrations against the measured data collected from real slotting milling tests. The study shows that stable cutting parameters cannot guarantee stable cutting in a cutter exit process and further study can be performed to control the vibration amplitude in this specific process.     

具有周期性薄膜热源的多层介质非稳态传热数值仿真

为分析具有薄膜热源的多层介质非稳态传热问题,以某型飞机层合电加温风挡为例,构建了一种热流密度-温度边界条件,实现了薄膜热源热流和温度属性向多层介质内外两个方向上的实时传递,再现了薄膜热源温度对临近多层介质表面温度的影响,为具有薄膜热源的多层介质传热问题分析和加温控制规律设计提供了一种可行方法.     

涡轮叶片气热耦合数值模拟方法

研究了气热耦合计算模型,建立了采用有限差分方法进行涡轮气热耦合计算的数值仿真平台,并利用该平台采用考虑转捩和不考虑转捩两类湍流模型对具有径向冷却通道的MARK II型叶片进行数值模拟,同时将结果与实验值进行比较,对比表明:考虑转捩的湍流模型能够准确的反映出边界层内的流态和热传导情况,因此壁面处温度和换热系数更接近于实验值,与实验值吻合较好。