磁悬浮飞轮储能发电运行前馈-反馈控制器设计

针对磁悬浮储能飞轮在发电模式下发电环节的控制方法做了探讨,设计了前馈-反馈控制器,在SIMULINK中对控制系统进行仿真研究,并在磁悬浮储能飞轮实验平台上进行了实验。仿真及实验结果表明该控制器的引入,使得输出电压能不受输入电压变化的干扰而保持稳定。     

Unified Voltage and Pitch Angle Controller for Wind-Driven Induction Generator System

A unified voltage and pitch angle controller (UVPC) for a wind-driven induction generator system is presented to reach effective voltage control and to stabilize generator speed and system frequency. The proposed UVPC comprises a linear optimal controller (LOC), a supplementary voltage regulator (SVR), and a supplementary pitch angle controller (SPC). An ac voltage regulator and a dc voltage regulator are designed in the SVR to generate the desired voltage magnitude and phase angle for the voltage-sourced inverter (VSI). On the other hand, the SPC is designed based on fuzzy logic inference rules in order to generate the desired pitch angle command for the variable blade pitch such that the mechanical power can be controlled in a very efficient manner. When the system is operated in the islanding condition, an approach based on the concept of relative rotating speed has been developed for the measurement of system frequency deviation. Simulation and experimental results reveal that both bus voltage and mechanical power can be effectively controlled by the proposed UVPC for the wind energy conversion system (WECS) either connected with or disconnected from the power grid when there is sufficient wind energy.     

Full control of a PWM DC-AC converter for AC voltage regulation

The design and implement action of a DSP-based fully digital-controlled single-phase pulsewidth modulated (PWM) dc-ac converter for ac voltage regulation is described. The proposed multiloop digital controller (MDC) consists of a current controller, a voltage controller, and a feedforward controller. This MDC was realized using a single-chip digital signal processor (DSP). The PWM gating signals are determined at every sampling instant by the proposed multiloop digital control scheme using a set of detected feedback signals. A software current control; scheme has been developed to achieve fast current control of the PWM inverter and decouple the inductor of the output filter. Experimental results have been given to verify the proposed digital control scheme. The constructed DSP-based PWM dc-ac converter system can achieve fast dynamic response and with low total harmonic distortion (THD) for rectifier type of loads     

电力机车PMSM自适应模糊滑模控制

为研究牵引工况下电力机车永磁同步电机(PMSM)的转速控制精度,考虑轮轨接触不平顺及车体静载荷在轮对径向产生的未知时变负载转矩,建立了机车PMSM在dq坐标系下的数学模型。针对该耦合非线性系统中存在的负载转矩,设计非线性转矩观测器对其实际值进行估计,对观测误差采用自适应模糊逻辑系统进行逼近;为考察d轴电压过零跳变对转速控制及转矩观测性能的影响,在d轴电压控制器设计中引入Nussbaum函数,并依据Lyapunov稳定性理论,构造了基于转矩观测器的自适应模糊滑模控制器。理论分析及仿真结果表明,当转矩时变或d轴电压过零时,机车PMSM闭环转速控制系统跟踪误差一致有界,转矩观测误差收敛于0。     

火电辅机变频器低压穿越直流电压补偿及其控制

针对火电辅机变频器因厂用电压跌落而触发闭锁,造成发电机组停机的问题,设计了基于变频器直流母线电压补偿的辅助穿越装置。辅机变频器采用直接转矩控制,低压穿越装置主电路采用三重交错并联升压变换器结构,在电压跌落期间维持变频器直流母线电压稳定,同时减小输出电流高频纹波。考虑到并联模块参数差异造成的均流问题,提出在传统电压电流双闭环控制的电压外环加入均流环的解决方法,消除环流,使开关管电流应力更为均衡。由于控制系统具有非线性、强耦合的特点,传统PI控制器存在局限性,所以利用模糊控制算法优化PI控制器参数整定,改善其性能。最后用仿真验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Impact Potential of New Power Electronic Technologies

New technological advances in the area of power electronics are having an increasing impact on the design of aerospace control systems. These next generation power components promise improved system performance through increased electronic efficiencies. Applying state-of-the-art packaging concepts as an integral part of the system design will allow these devices to be utilized in a space efficient and reliable manner. The first portion of this paper looks at two such next generation components. The first is a High Voltage Integrated Circuit (HVIC) that provides a bridge between the low voltage controller logic and the high voltage motor winding invertor. This device achieves size reduction and an increase in reliability through integration of low and high voltage logic networks on a single integrated circuit. The second is the Insulated Gate Transistor (IGT). This device provides a high voltage switch with MOS-like drive characteristics. The present and future expectations of these power devices are discussed. This paper then looks at new packaging techniques for power devices. The impact of parasitic circuit effects have significant impact on power circuit performance. Finally, this paper looks at an example control application. The design is that of a permanent magnet motor driven actuator. The drive motor uses 270 vdc for supply voltage. Within the intelligent system controller, is the capability to control the current demands of the motor. The new power electronics devices are making the design feasible in both thermal and volume efficiency. This topic includes projected controller sizing into the 1990s.     

基于超螺旋二阶滑模的双馈风力发电机控制策略

传统双馈风力发电机(DFIG)控制存在抖振现象,容易造成系统的不稳定。为了减轻控制抖振现象,提高控制的稳定性,在分析了DFIG动态特性的基础上,建立了DFIG的数学模型,设计了超螺旋二阶滑模控制器,并研究了突变风的情况下滑模控制器的控制性能。通过MATLAB/Simulink工具进行了仿真验证。仿真结果证明:滑模控制器具有良好的最优转矩跟踪能力和无功调节能力,与一般的控制方法相比鲁棒性较强,转子控制电压连续,控制产生的抖振可以大幅减轻,系统的稳定性大大提升。     

Novel AC line conditioner for power factor correction

A new ac line conditioner is presented for high input power factor and clean ac output voltages for isolating the linear or nonlinear loads. A three-phase two-leg switching mode rectifier with neutral-point-clamped topology is proposed to draw the sinusoidal line currents from the ac mains. The carrier-based current controller is used in the inner control loop to track the line current commands with unity power factor. The dc bus voltage controller is adopted in the outer control loop to regulate the dc-link voltage. A voltage compensator is used to balance the neutral point voltage on the dc tank. A three-phase two-leg inverter with neutral-point-clamped topology is adopted in the system to provide the clean ac output voltages to the critical or sensitive loads. The carrier-based current control scheme is adopted to improve the instantaneous output voltages. Experimental results show the validity and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.     

基于模糊控制的永磁同步电机直接转矩控制

设计了基于模糊控制的永磁同步电机(PMSM)直接转矩控制(DTC)系统,采用模糊控制器取代了传统DTC系统中的磁链和转矩滞环比较器及开关表。仿真结果表明:模糊控制PMSM DTC系统运行良好,可实现四象限运行,与传统开关表相比,可有效减小转矩脉动和平均开关频率。研究了转矩误差论域和零电压矢量对模糊控制性能的影响,并基于转矩角对电压矢量作用的影响规律,提出了考虑转矩角的PMSM模糊直接转矩控制。仿真结果表明:在转矩角较大时,考虑转矩角的PMSM模糊DTC系统可有效减小转矩和磁链脉动,改善控制性能。     

基于二阶滑模算法的永磁电机直接转矩控制

针对传统直接转矩控制(DTC)方法低速控制精度差、转矩脉动大、开关频率不稳定等问题,提出了一种基于二阶滑模控制的永磁电机DTC方法。该控制方法基于二阶滑模控制原理,将传统磁链控制器与转矩控制器以滑模控制器替代,对空间电压进行矢量调制,提高了开关频率的稳定性,获得了良好的动态稳定性,改善了电机输出性能。仿真与试验结果表明,该控制方法能够有效减小电流脉动与转矩脉动,同时提高了控制系统的抗干扰能力,实现了电机的快速动态响应,具有较强的鲁棒性能。     

基于瞬时无功功率理论和模糊PID控制的三相不平衡补偿算法

为满足三相不平衡飞机电网的无功功率实时补偿要求,设计了一种新型的静止无功补偿器（SVC）控制系统。该系统采用瞬时无功功率理论来精确检测基波正序和负序电压、电流,并推导出补偿导纳的表达式;SVC的整体控制采用了开环和闭环控制相结合的控制算法,并在闭环控制算法中,提出了自适应非线性模糊控制器在无功补偿控制系统中的应用方案。该方案结合了模糊控制和PID控制2种方法的优点,根据系统状况改变PID控制器的参数,以达到更好的动态控制效果。仿真研究结果表明,该新型SVC控制系统对于提高功率因数和补偿三相不平衡,具有响应快、精度高的控制效果。     

采用定子电流与扰动观测的永磁同步电机改进预测电流控制

提出了一种采用定子电流和扰动观测补偿的改进预测电流控制(PCC)算法。理论上永磁同步电机PCC具有优异的控制性能,但现实系统中离散采样延时与电磁参数时变等问题使得原理上基于模型的预测电流控制器的控制品质严重恶化。设计了龙伯格(Luenberger)状态观测器实现对定子电流与参数扰动的观测,并应用于补偿和改进经典的无差拍预测电流控制器。将观测到的当前时刻的定子电流替代当前时刻的采样电流用于反馈控制,以补偿采样延时;运行过程中电磁参数的变化使得模型参数失配,其影响以电压扰动的形式被观测出来,并补偿到预测控制输出的电压指令中。仿真和试验结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于降阶谐振控制器的三相逆变器电压控制研究

针对三相逆变器输出侧接非线性负载时输出电压的质量易受谐波影响的问题,选用基于降阶谐振控制器(RRSC)的电压控制方法。与谐振控制器相比,RRSC能够进行正负序的分离,然后分别处理,并且计算量小,运算效率高。为了在此基础上再次降低输出电压谐波含量,进一步改进了RRSC,并将其用于三相逆变器电压控制。最后,对所提控制方法进行了仿真验证,并与降阶谐振控制方法进行了详细分析对比。仿真结果证明了所提控制方法的有效性。     

ACSS for paralleled multi-inverter systems with DSP-based robust controls

An averaged current-sharing strategy (ACSS) for paralleled multi-inverter systems with digital signal processor (DSP)-based robust controls is presented. With an ACSS, the inverters are in parallel operation and each inverter has a voltage robust controller to achieve system stability and robustness, and a current robust controller to track the averaged inductor current of the inverters to achieve equal current distribution. In the proposed system, the current-sharing control loop is independent of the voltage control loop. Therefore, equal current distribution among the inverters, fast response, and tight regulation can be achieved. Additionally, the ACSS in each inverter can be readily implemented with two operational amplifiers. Simulation results and hardware measurements or a single-inverter system and a two-inverter system, and simulation results of a three-inverter system with linear and nonlinear loads have demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed control scheme in equal current distribution and fast regulation.     

基于单神经元自适应PID的摩擦试验机电惯量系统的研究

为了保障飞机刹车性能,对于飞机刹车材料摩擦性能的测试准确度要求很高.因此,需要设计出一个良好摩擦试验机系统.本文将神经网络与常规PID调节器控制相结合,产生一种单神经元自适应PID控制器,并应用于摩擦试验机电惯量系统.根据电惯量系统建立仿真模型,验证改变转矩电流分量的电流环给定电压来实现电惯量的可行性,通过突加负载和改变转速给定来研究加入单神经元自适应控制器后系统的控制效果.     

多VIENNA级联型整流电路的协调控制

针对级联式高压整流电路的控制问题,采用多个VIENNA整流器级联构成高压直流系统,设计了主电路拓扑与双闭环控制器,并提出一种多VIENNA整流器电压平衡的协调控制策略。通过仿真试验,验证了双闭环级联型VIENNA高压整流电路的稳定性及其协调控制的正确性。     

Implementation of a three-phase high-power-factor rectifier with NPC topology

A three-phase four-wire power factor corrector based on neutral-point-clamped (NPC) topology is adopted to reduce the current harmonics and increase the input power factor. Using the NPC topology, the voltage stress of power switches can be reduced to the half of the dc-link voltage. With the dc-link voltage controller and the phase locked loop circuit, the balanced and sinusoidal line currents can be drawn from the ac supply system under the balance and unbalance mains voltages. The hysteresis current comparators are adopted in the current control loop to track the line current commands. Three voltage levels are generated on the ac terminal to the neutral point. Simulations and experiments are provided to verify the validity and the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

基于DSC整流器和双闭环PR逆变器的模块化中频静变电源

与传统中频电源相比,模块化中频静变电源具有选用灵活、可靠性高、冗余性好、便于系统维护等优点。中频静变电源整流器在控制母线电压稳定的同时还要实现单位功率因数控制。为此,具体分析了双电流环控制策略,给出了双电流环控制器中电压电流正负序分离原理和双dq锁相环的具体实现方法,即延时信号抵消(DSC)和双闭环准比例谐振(PR)。针对逆变器输出电压基波无差跟踪困难、谐波含量高等问题,采用双闭环多重准PR控制策略,实现中频电压的稳定输出。仿真和试验结果表明,双电流环控制器能同时实现母线电压稳定和单位功率因数控制,采用双闭环多重准PR控制策略的中频逆变器能够输出稳定的中频交流电压。     

基于神经网络的双馈感应发电机滑模控制

针对不平衡电网下双馈感应发电机运行不佳的问题,将神经网络控制和二阶滑模控制相结合构成的神经网络滑模控制器运用到双馈风力发电机的直接功率控制中。设计了二阶滑模控制器,二阶滑模能够有效地削弱传统滑模控制的抖振;接着,设计了径向基神经网络对系统的不确定部分进行逼近;最后,基于李雅普诺夫稳定性定理推导了神经网络权值更新律,证明了控制系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明所设计控制策略能对有功、无功功率及其定子电流进行有效控制,削弱了传统滑模控制中的抖振。