共焦检测型扫描光学系统

介绍一种用于亚微米尺寸测量的混合型激光扫描光学系统。该扫描光学系统是将具有不同偏转角度特性、向同一方向扫描的AOD(声光式偏转器)和GM(电控反射镜)两个扫描元件配置在同一光路中。当驱动一个扫描元件时,另一个扫描元件停止动作,两者动作是互补的。     

激光扫描大直径测量方法研究

提出了一种利用激光扫描原理测量大直径的方法，对其工作原理和光电变换电子学系统作了论述，从理论上分析了激光扫描光学系统的扫描速度特性，并详细讨论了扫描速度误差对测量精度的影响。     

一种基于刀口测头的内尺寸测量方法研究

随着精密机械加工复杂化程度的提高,传统量块组合填塞法或影像法测量各种柱面内尺寸已不能满足精密测量技术发展的需要,它们或对人员素质要求较高,或只能反映局部特征。本文介绍了一种基于刀口(楔形)测头的内尺寸测量方法,通过改进万能测长仪的内测钩,设计专用刀口平面组合测头,利用内外测头结合标定的方法,采用量块比较测量法实现了对柱面内尺寸的测量。并以花键环规为例,分析了测量结果的测量不确定度,通过En值的计算,证明了该方法的有效性和可靠性。     

大幅面光学摄影测量胶片的数字化实现途径

提出利用成熟的扫描仪产品和一些新技术,对大幅面光学摄影测量胶片进行数字化的途径。通过对通用扫描仪的扫描方法、光学系统、传动机构等进行改进,并采用图像校准技术,完成大幅面光学测量胶片的高精度数字化,从而提高图像分析、判读和处理的精度。     

应用DSC测量碳纤维毡的比热

应用差示扫描量热仪测量碳纤维毡的比热采用兰宝石(氧化铝)作为标准参考物,其测量精确度为0.3％。与绝热量热法的精确度相近,差示扫描量热法的优点是只需用很少的样品就可以快速、方便地测量固体和非挥发性液体的热焓和比热,通过计算机直接打印出数     

脉冲星角位置强度关联测量聚焦光学系统

脉冲星导航为未来深空探测与导航提供一种可能途径,采用X射线强度关联方法对脉冲星角位置进行高精度测量,可适应高精度时空基准系统构建的发展需求,从理论上提高导航精度。X射线聚焦光学系统是脉冲星高精度测量与探测设备的核心部件,通过高效率聚焦实现对脉冲星极弱X射线光子流量的增强。首先,针对脉冲星角位置强度关联测量地面试验需求,开展了多层嵌套X射线聚焦光学系统的光学设计与性能分析,获得了设计参数对有效面积和角分辨率的影响关系,确定了反射镜几何参数与反射面材料;其次,确定了聚焦光学系统的总体制造误差标准,对高频误差和中低频误差分别进行了分配;然后,采用电铸镍复制工艺加工了超光滑芯轴与反射镜,测试了芯轴的粗糙度和面形误差,利用北京同步辐射光源测试了反射镜的反射率;最后,搭建了原位精密装调装置,完成了多层嵌套反射镜精密装调,实测角分辨率达到12.16″。经强度关联测量试验验证,聚焦光学系统显著提高了探测器接收的光子个数,满足脉冲星角位置强度关联测量的要求。     

三坐标测量涡轮导向叶片排气面积的方法研究

涡轮导向叶片排气面积是叶片设计和加工中的重要参数,能够显著影响整机性能。为了精确测量涡轮导向叶片排气面积,对三坐标测量机测量叶片排气面积的方法进行研究。在三坐标上测量涡轮叶片排气面积,分别采用触测法和扫描型线法两种测量方法,并对测量结果进行对比分析。通过对涡轮导向叶片排气面积的实际测量,总结了三坐标测量机测量涡轮导向叶片排气面积的测量方法、测量步骤、数据处理方式以及测量不确定度分析。     

基于Helmholtz的低感抗电子束偏转扫描线圈仿真

为了提高电子束偏转扫描频率和磁场均匀性,采用Helmholtz空心线圈结构设计了一种低感抗电子枪偏转扫描线圈。采用ANSYS有限元分析软件对偏转扫描线圈的电磁场分布进行仿真,并采用高斯计对线圈内部的电磁场进行了测量,仿真结果与实际测量值基本吻合,线圈内部的磁感应强度大小和电磁场分布的均匀性可以满足电子束高频偏转扫描的要求。实际扫描试验表明,该线圈实现了两点电子束高频偏转扫描,扫描频率可达30 k Hz。     

高精度接触式扫描测头动态特性分析

本文在对高精度光学非球面摆臂式扫描测量方法简要介绍的基础上,建立了高精度接触式扫描测头的结构模型,详细分析了扫描速度对测量精度的影响规律.在此基础上.利用建立的摆臂式扫描测量系统对500mm口径,相对口径1:1的深型球面镜进行了相关测量实验并与干涉测量结果进行了比对.实验验证了上述分析的正确性.     

保证卡尺内尺寸测量准确度问题的探讨

引言出口的国产卡尺，因内测量示值误差大而引起的退货时有发生；但遍查国家标准及检定规程，对内尺寸仅是示值误差均无要求。目前，控制内尺寸测量准确度的手段是：在外测量面夹持10mm量块，用千分尺检定内测量爪尺寸偏差（圆弧形内测量爪除外）。这种方法能否保证卡尺内尺寸的测量准确度呢？对这个问题作如下分析。1误差分析（1）有关数据（以分度值为0．02mm、测量范围为0～300mm的卡尺为例）刀口内测量爪刃宽为0．3mm（国家标准对刃宽无要求，国内厂家一般均按0．3mm生产）；刀口内测量爪尺寸偏差为比啥mm；两内测量爪侧面间隙应＜0．12…     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.