双视线角比例-微分主动防御导引律设计

为了克服飞机消极、被动式防御手段的缺点,引入主动防御概念,建立了主动防御目标机-攻击导弹-防御导弹的几何模型,提出了三视线重合的主动防御策略,并在此基础上设计了比例-微分主动防御导引律。首先,分别以几何模型中的内角T,M和外角σ作为被控对象,分析其对导引性能的影响,确定了以外角σ作为被控对象的比例-微分主动防御导引律;然后,分析了防御导弹指令加速度在初始时刻振荡的原因,并提出了相应的解决方法;最后,对主动防御导引律进行了修正。仿真分析表明,所提出的主动防御导引律能够有效用于对来袭导弹的拦截。     

基于微分对策理论的拦截问题的研究

以质点飞行器的空间运动方程和运筹学基本理论为基础,研究了反导防空导弹的拦截问题.通过运用线化理论和微分对策最优化理论,得到了拦截导弹和目标的最优控制策略,并在此基础上给出了可以实现的最优制导律.通过数学仿真分析,取得了优于比例导引律的结果.     

基于预测模型迭代优化的改进比例导引律

为了提高对加速度时变机动目标的制导精度,将预测决策理论与传统比例导引(PN)相结合,提出了一种通过泰勒级数预测模型迭代控制加速度修正项的改进比例导引律。首先,以预设的低阶泰勒级数预测模型预测特定时间的位移,并计算位移预测值与测量值的差值;然后,通过迭代方法逐阶增加泰勒级数预测模型阶数,直至满足精度要求;最后,计算泰勒级数预测模型的二阶导数,修正比例导引律的加速度指令。仿真结果表明,传统PN和APN的脱靶量分别约为195 m和95 m,提出的改进比例导引律的脱靶量约为8.3 m,极大地提高了制导精度。     

弹性飞行器纵向稳定性问题

 本文研究考虑气动弹性时飞行器的纵向稳定性问题。首先由弹性飞行器的纵向扰动运动方程出发,导出了便于计算采用的弹性飞行器纵向扰动方程的标准矩阵形式,作出作为控制对象的弹性飞行器在考虑一阶、二阶及三阶振型时的传递函数;其次分析气动弹性对整个飞行器系统的稳定性的影响,并提出对飞行器自动驾驶仪敏感元件的可能合适位置选择的要求。最后还建立了计算气动弹性对飞行器气动导数值影响的理论式。     

基于纯比例导引的拦截碰撞角约束制导策略

拦截碰撞角约束制导是当前导弹制导研究的关键问题之一。首先基于理想比例导引（IPN）律拦截非机动目标的解析解,推导了纯比例导引律（PPN）拦截固定目标的解析解,得到了弹目相对距离、制导指令加速度和导弹前置角的显示表达式,并进一步得到了拦截碰撞角与弹目相对运动状态和比例导引系数之间的解析表达式。其次,基于该解析表达式,提出了基于PPN的拦截碰撞角约束制导策略（PPNIACG）,并探讨了在铅垂面内进行落角约束打击和水平面内进行拦截碰撞角约束打击的2种实现方式。最后,以弹道成型制导律（TSG）和最优碰撞角约束制导律（OIACG）为参考,通过数值仿真算例,对PPNIAC的拦截性能进行了对比分析,验证了所提出制导策略的有效性和正确性。     

大气层外拦截变结构导引律

讨论了大气层外空间飞行器拦截的变结构导引律问题。从变结构控制理论出发 ,按照最终零控导引拦截的要求 ,确定切换函数 ,利用趋近律控制方法改善控制过程品质的特点 ,导出一种具有强鲁棒性的空间拦截导引律。最后给出了在具体条件下的仿真结果 ,并与比例导引律、最优导引律作了比较     

飞行器机动飞行时发动机转子等变速运动的动力学特性研究

 建立了位于机动飞行器内单盘 Jeffcott转子系统的动力学模型,研究了飞行器飞行速度和加速度变化对飞行器内等加速、等减速两种等变速运行转子振幅响应曲线的影响,模拟了飞行器在垂直平面作正弦曲线轨迹运动时相应的响应曲线。结论表明飞行器的速度和加速度变化会改变飞行器内等变速转子的振幅大小和响应曲线趋势,飞行器在垂直平面作正弦曲线轨迹的机动飞行时,飞行器动作的幅度和周期的影响都很明显。对重力参数和不平衡参数的影响也作了研究。     

某飞行器动态特性分析

飞行器的动态特性分析在整个飞行器设计过程中起着非常重要的作用。本文介绍了动态分析的研究方法和基本理论。基于小扰动理论,针对某飞行器在典型飞行轨迹上选定的部分特征点进行了纵向和侧向的动态特性相关参数的计算,主要对其纵向和侧向的稳定性、操纵性进行了初步分析,并对其阶跃响应过程进行了仿真分析,定性和定量的评定了该飞行器的动态品质,初步获得了该飞行器的动态特性。     

带角度约束的多飞行器编队协同拦截制导律设计

针对多枚飞行器协同拦截同一目标的问题,在最优控制与时间调整相结合的基础上,设计了一种带有时间约束与角度约束的协同制导律。首先,在初始时刻(或中段制导结束时刻),根据初始状态及终端角度约束情况,以指定策略为编队中的各飞行器分配拦截角度。其次,采用线性化最优控制的设计方法,解算带有拦截角度约束的最优导引指令。最后,在求解针对运动目标的飞行器剩余时间估计的基础上,根据一致性的方法推导时间调整项的导引指令。仿真结果表明,在典型背景下,设计的制导律能够使多枚飞行器以特定的编队构型协同拦截同一目标,从而有效提高拦截概率。     

四倾转旋翼飞行器直升机模式操纵策略设计与验证

为解决四倾转旋翼飞行器直升机模式旋翼操纵冗余问题，建立了120 kg级四倾转旋翼无人飞行器飞行动力学模型，并依据不同操纵方式的功效变化进行操纵策略优选设计。应用串级PID控制理论设计了四倾转旋翼无人飞行器飞行控制系统，仿真分析操纵策略对姿态控制和轨迹控制响应的影响；用给定姿态指令和轨迹指令跟踪控制效果验证所设计操纵策略的合理性。研究结果表明：直升机模式下，纵向、横向通道用旋翼总距差动进行控制，航向通道用左右旋翼纵向周期变距差动进行控制时操控效率最高，控制响应快，且控制输出变化幅度小；面对外界风扰，使用该优选操纵策略，控制误差最小，抗扰性好。     

Design of Time-constrained Guidance Laws via Virtual Leader Approach

Guidance problems with flight time constraints are considered in this article. A new virtual leader scheme is used for design of guidance laws with time constraints. The core idea of this scheme is to adopt a virtual leader for real missiles to convert a guidance problem with time constraints to a nonlinear tracking problem, thereby making it possible to settle the problem with a variety of control methods. A novel time-constrained guidance (TCG) law, which can control the flight time of missiles to a prescribed time, is designed by using the virtual leader scheme and stability method. The TCG law is a combination of the well-known proportional navigation guidance(PNG) law and the feedback of flight time error. What's more, this law is free of singularities and hence yields better performances in comparison with optimal guidance laws with time constraints. Nonlinear simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed law.     

一种攻击地面固定目标的变系数比例导引律

为了提高命中精度 ,减小控制能量的消耗 ,对攻击地面固定目标且速度随时间变化的追踪器 ,推导出一种以控制能量消耗最小为性能指标的最优导引律 ,其中剩余时间的估算不仅考虑到追踪器速度大小的变化 ,而且考虑了方向的变化。同时 ,为了满足某些追踪器在碰撞点垂直入射的要求 ,给出在铅垂面内攻击时具有修正项的变系数比例导引律。仿真结果表明 ,该导引律与常系数比例导引律相比 ,控制能量少 ,脱靶量小 ,命中精度高。     

Empirical virtual sliding target guidance law design: an aerodynamic approach

We present a novel empirical virtual sliding target (VST) guidance law for the midcourse phase of a long range surface-to-air missile that uses the simplicity of the conventional proportional navigation (PN) guidance law while exploiting the aerodynamic characteristics of a missile's flight through the atmosphere to enable the missile to achieve superior performance than that achieved by conventional PN guidance laws. The missile trajectory emulates the trajectory of an optimal control based guidance law formulated on a realistic aerodynamic model of the missile-target engagement. The trajectory of the missile is controlled by controlling the speed of a virtual target that slides towards a predicted intercept point during the midcourse phase. Several sliding schemes, both linear and nonlinear, are proposed and the effect of the variation of the sliding parameters, which control the sliding speed of the virtual target, on the missile performance, are examined through extensive simulations that take into account the atmospheric characteristics as well as limitations on the missile in terms of the energy available and lateral acceleration limits. Launch envelopes for these sliding schemes for approaching and receding targets are also obtained. These results amply demonstrate the superiority of the proposed guidance law over the conventional PN law.     

拦截高超声速目标的异类导弹协同制导律

对于多导弹协同拦截高超声速目标的问题,设计了一种具有领弹-从弹拓扑结构的异类导弹协同制导律:配备有高性能导引头的领弹采用改进比例导引法拦截目标;未配备导引头的从弹利用通信手段,采用二阶一致性跟踪算法,对领弹进行跟踪。两类导弹同时命中目标,形成"多对一"的拦截态势。异构型的制导策略可以降低对导引设备的需求,具备较理想的作战效费比。领弹与从弹的弹道均源于改进比例导引法,具有较理想的弹道特性。给出了协同制导律在固定拓扑与切换拓扑下成立的充分条件。算例仿真验证了所提出的制导律能够实现对高超声速目标的协同拦截,具有良好的可行性。     

空-空导弹全向攻击最优制导规律研究

 将发射瞬时所确定的平行接近弹道作为基准弹道,由于各种干拢所引起的相对于基准弹道的偏离作为偏差来处理;用最优控制理论导出空-空导弹进行全向攻击的最优制导律,此制导律包含目标加速度反馈。当目标作非机动飞行时,最优制导律是一种变比例系数的比例制导。数字仿真结果表明:在相同条件下,最优制导弹道需用过载、终端脱靶量均小于比例制导,特别是从目标前方攻击时,其制导精度大大优于比例制导。     

Generalized guidance law for homing missiles

The concept of a generalized guidance law is presented, and the closed-form solution for a homing missile pursuing a maneuvering target according to generalized guidance laws is given. It is shown that the guidance laws appearing in the literature are merely special cases of the one proposed by the authors. The derived generalized forms of capture area, missile acceleration, and homing time duration that are derived provide insight into the performance of the guidance laws being considered and lead to the discovery of new ones. The problem of finding a nonlinear optimal guidance law for a homing missile with controlled acceleration, applied so as to capture a maneuvering target with a predetermined trajectory while minimizing a weighted linear combination of time of capture and energy expenditures, is solved in closed form. The derived optimal control law is equal to the LOS (line of sight) rate multiplied by a trigonometric function of the aspect angle. Numerical simulation shows that the resulting guidance law appears to yield a significant advantage over true proportional navigation     

反舰导弹最优滑模制导律仿真研究

针对传统比例导引法攻击机动目标的不足,建立了三维空间中反舰导弹和目标的相对运动模型,在研究反舰导弹攻击非机动目标的最优制导律基础上,利用俯仰和偏航两个平面相叠加的方法,结合滑模控制理论设计了工程上易于实现的三维模型下的反舰导弹最优滑模制导律。仿真结果表明,给出的导引律在攻击机动目标时制导精度高、脱靶量小,导引控制过程具有良好的动态性,性能明显优于传统的比例导引律。     

A joint mid-course and terminal course cooperative guidance law for multi-missile salvo attack

Salvo attacking a surface target by multiple missiles is an effective tactic to enhance the lethality and penetrate the defense system. However, existing cooperative guidance laws in the mid-course or terminal course are not suitable for long- and medium-range missiles or stand-off attacking. Because the initial conditions of cooperative terminal guidance that are generally generated from the mid-course flight may not lead to a successful cooperative terminal guidance without proper mid-course flight adjustment. Meanwhile, cooperative guidance in the mid-course cannot solely guarantee the accuracy of a simultaneous arrival of multiple missiles. Therefore, a joint mid-course and terminal course cooperative guidance law is developed. By building a distinct leader-follower framework, this paper proposes an efficient coordinated Dubins path planning method to synchronize the arrival time of all engaged missiles in the mid-course flight. The planned flight can generate proper initial conditions for cooperative terminal guidance, and also benefit an earliest simultaneous arrival. In the terminal course, an existing cooperative proportional navigation guidance law guides all the engaged missiles to arrive at a target accurately and simultaneously. The integrated guidance law for an intuitive application is summarized. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed method can generate fast and accurate salvo attack.     

Guidance law with impact time and impact angle constraints

A novel closed-form guidance law with impact time and impact angle constraints is pro- posed for salvo attack of anti-ship missiles, which employs missile’s normal acceleration (not jerk) as the control command directly. Firstly, the impact time control problem is formulated as tracking the designated time-to-go (the difference between the designated impact time and the current flight time) for the actual time-to-go of missile, and the impact angle control problem is formulated as tracking the designated heading angle for the actual heading angle of missile. Secondly, a biased proportional navigation guidance (BPNG) law with designated heading angle constraint is constructed, and the actual time-to-go estimation for this BPNG is derived analytically by solving the system differential equations. Thirdly, by adding a feedback control to this constructed BPNG to eliminate the time-to-go errorthe difference between the standard time-to-go and the actual time-to-go, a guidance law with adjustable coefficients to control the impact time and impact angle simultaneously is developed. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the performance and feasibility of the proposed approach.     

Optimal and Suboptimal Guidance for a Short-Range Homing Missile

Optimal and suboptimal guidance laws for short-range homing missiles are developed and compared to the commonly mechanized quidance law of proportional navigation. The optimal controller is derived as an optimal feedback regulator; the suboptimal controller is an approximation of the optimal regulator and consists of timevarying proportional navigation plus a time-varying gain term times a calculated target acceleration. Monte Carlo studies of the three controllers show that the optimal and suboptimal controllers are much superior to proportional navigation for the case of combined constant target acceleration, line-of-sight rate noise, and missile acceleration saturation.