CVD铱涂层／铼基复合喷管研究进展

介绍了高温抗氧化铱涂层／铼基复合喷管的化学气相沉积制备工艺,并就铱,铼的有关性能,ＣＶＤ铱／铼复合中元素的扩散,铱／铼合金的氧化行为及寿命预测等理论研究作了评述。     

稀土氧化物改性氧化锆/铂铝热障涂层的制备及其高温性能

针对我国某型航空发动机涡轮叶片用DZ125与DZ406高温合金,开展了稀土氧化物改性氧化锆/铂铝热障涂层体系的制备工艺及涂层高温性能研究。采用电镀Pt和气相渗铝的工艺制备了PtAl金属粘结层,研究了镀Pt前处理、不同镀Pt层厚度以及渗铝温度等关键工艺参数对涂层的微观结构和抗高温氧化性能的影响规律。采用优化后的涂层工艺制备的PtAl粘结层在1150℃时的抗氧化性能优异。采用电子束物理气相沉积（EB–PVD）在PtAl粘结层表面制备了稀土氧化物改性的氧化锆（GYb–YSZ）陶瓷涂层。由GYb–YSZ和Pt Al组成的热障涂层在1050℃热循环4320次（1050℃保温时间720 h）后,涂层表面状态完好,未发现明显剥落现象,表明该热障涂层体系具备良好的热循环性能。     

重型运载火箭发动机涡轮部件富氧燃气通道高温防护涂层技术研究

针对液体火箭发动机富氧燃气通道的传统搪瓷涂层在高温、高压、高速燃气冲刷工作环境下存在的开裂和脱落问题,对金属陶瓷复合涂层进行了高温氧化防护技术研究。采用喷涂和真空烧结工艺在高温合金基材表面制备了金属陶瓷复合涂层,对其组织结构、物理特性和高温抗氧化、热震、抗火焰冲刷性能进行了分析和试验。结果表明,金属陶瓷复合涂层通过真空热扩散形成了多孔组织,在1000℃氧化和冷热交变环境下表现出优异的抗氧化、抗热震性能,能够承受1100℃、1马赫燃气冲刷。     

MOCVD法制备高温抗氧化铱涂层研究进展

主要概述了用MOCVD法制备金属铱涂层的原理以及工艺参数对制备涂层的影响，并对铱做保护层的铱／铼喷管的寿命进行了预测。指出MOCVD法制备铱涂层的关键问题是沉积前驱体的选择、沉积工艺参数的优化，并对MOCVD法制备铱涂层的最新研究进展作了评述，指出了今后的研究发展方向。     

新型高温/超高温热障涂层及制备技术研究进展

简单介绍了先进航空发动机高温/超高温热障涂层(TBCs)的研究背景、意义和现状;简述了近年来国际上在新一代超高温TBCs方面的研究进展。重点介绍了近年来北京航空航天大学在新型高温/超高温TBCs方面的研究成果,包括新型超高温、高隔热陶瓷隔热层材料,1 150℃以上新型抗高温氧化金属粘结层材料,以及电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)、等离子体激活EB-PVD(PA EB-PVD)和等离子物理气相沉积(PS-PVD)等新型制备工艺。最后对TBCs在未来高性能航空发动机上的应用及发展趋势进行了展望。     

电子束物理气相沉积叶片热障涂层工艺稳定性提升技术研究

电子束物理气相沉积（EB–PVD）是航空发动机涡轮叶片涂层的先进制备技术。EB–PVD的工艺稳定性对于叶片涂层质量及批产一致性至关重要。本研究针对我国先进航空发动机对高性能热障涂层的应用需求,研制出了EB–PVD自动蒸发沉积技术和叶片多自由度涂层沉积技术。工艺验证和性能测试结果表明,所研制的自动蒸发沉积技术可使涂层过程靶材消耗均匀稳定,涂层质量良好;双坩埚结构配置可进一步满足新一代超高温双层结构热障涂层工艺需求。所研制的多自由度沉积技术有助于提升叶片涂层厚度均匀性,改善缘板涂层质量,实现涂层厚度和微观组织的精确调控。利用上述工艺制备的涂层试片抗燃气热冲击性能优异,模拟叶片缘板位置涂层寿命与模拟叶身位置涂层寿命相近。     

梯度功能材料制备技术及其发展趋势

综述了梯度功能材料（ＦＧＭ）的制备技术和国内外的研究现状,具体介绍了几种制备技术的基本原理和工艺方法,包括粉末冶金法、等离子喷涂法、激光熔敷法、化学气相沉积法和物理气相法以及自蔓延高温燃烧合成法。从工艺角度分析了各种制备技术的优缺点,并展望了梯度功能材料制备技术的发展趋势。     

姿/ 轨控液体火箭发动机推力室高温抗氧化涂层

概述了国内外姿/轨控液体火箭发动机高温抗氧化涂层的研究和应用进展,研制过程涉及多种材料体系,但仅有几类广泛应用于型号,包括Nb基材表面硅化物材料体系、Pt-Rh合金、Re基材表面Ir涂层。随着对发动机性能要求的提高,Re/Ir材料体系成为目前主要的研究方向。     

先进的涂层技术--EB-PVD

电子束物理气相沉积具有很高的沉积速率和较好的工艺可重复性,基体温度是电子束物理气相沉积工艺中的关键因素。除热障涂层外,根据沉积材料性质及工件要求的不同可以使涂层具有耐磨性、耐腐蚀性和耐冲刷等性能,对零件起到保护作用     

高温隔热涂层在液体火箭推力室上的应用

本文回顾了高温隔热涂层在国内外液体火箭推力室上的应用情况。高温涂层对于防止推力室壁过热和烧融、增加室壁材料疲劳寿命、提高发动机性能以及消除某些冷却剂对室壁的腐蚀和热解沉积都有明显效用。当前,采用等离子体喷涂技术的氧化锆等陶瓷类涂层是应用于推力室热防护的主要涂层。为了改善涂层与基材的结合力广泛使用了多层涂层的结构。针对液体火箭发动机向高室压高性能高热流的趋势发展,提出了对下一代液体火箭推力室涂层     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.