企业信息化中的数据资源建设方法

数据资源建设制约着信息服务的水平。本文阐明了企业信息化中数据资源建设的意义和内容,提出了企业进行数据采集、挖掘、整合、存储、管理与维护的方法,为企业数据资源建设的全过程提供了有益的帮助。     

A Smart Low-Power Meteorological System

A new low-power instrument to measure meteorological parameters has been developed. The instrument is based on an intelligent data cruncher concept: Fast sensor data rates are stored and process to yield a variety of answers for each parameter, at slower data rates, as appropriate. Special methods are used to achieve these results with an average current drain of under one mA, including sensors. Sampling rates and processing algorithms are designed to correct for swaying ocean-deployed buoys. A modular approach to design allows many types of sensors to be accommodated and permits data dissemination to a variety of destinations; data is available for real-time transmission or for internal archiving. The Weather Station's high-capacity internal data storage system, coupled with its fast data acquisition rates, enable the instrument to be used for air turbulence measurements.     

Error Analysis for Relay Type Satellite-Aided Search and Rescue Systems

An analysis is made of the errors in the determination of the position of an emergency transmitter in a satellite-aided search and rescue system. The satellite is assumed to be at a height of 820 km in a near-circular near polar orbit. Short data spans of four minutes or less are used. The error sources considered are measurement noise, transmitter frequency drift, ionospheric effects, and error in the assumed height of the transmitter. The errors are calculated for several different transmitter positions, data rates, and data spans. The only transmitter frequency used was 406 MHz, but the result can be scaled to different frequencies.     

截尾数据异方差回归分析

提出截尾数据异方差回归分析方法,将传统的只适用于同方差和完全数据的回归分析推广到异方差和截尾数据的情况。文中建立了异方差回归方程,给出回归系数和标准差的最佳无偏整体估计及其协方差矩阵。详细讨论了正态分布、极值分布、威布尔分布情况下的线性异方差回归分析,给出其回归曲线和百分位值的置信限。对于异方差问题目前工程上只能采用成组试验方法,因此试验量很大;本文方法与之相比则能很好地解决这一问题,在试样数相同的条件下具有更高的精度,而在精度相同的情况下,可以节省大量试样。      

IP可视电话中数据流压缩算法的实现

lP可视电话通话双方在网络中传输的主要是音频和视频数据漉，但是音、视频传输时数据漉量非常大，网络带宽比较有限，很容易造成数据传输延时。为了提高音、视频在网络中的传输速度和高质量的播放效果，必须对传输的音、视频数据流进行压缩。为此，本文提出了一种适用于lP可视电话系统的数据漉压缩和解压缩技术及实现方法。     

基于数字滤波技术的飞参数据预处理

由于存在干扰,飞参系统记录的发动机参数中会存在噪声误差.为了利用数据对发动机工作状态和性能趋势进行监控,必须对数据进行预处理.本文利用动态数字滤波技术对高、低压转速数据进行预处理.处理后的数据更加连续、平滑,且更加清晰地反映出参数随时间的变化趋势,由此证明该方法是有效的.处理结果可在航空发动机状态监控中得到应用.     

基于RBF神经网络的飞参数据预处理

由于存在干扰,飞参系统记录的发动机参数中,经常会有不少间断点和奇异值.为了利用数据对发动机性能趋势进行预测,必须对数据进行预处理.发动机作为一个系统,其各主要输入和输出参数之间必然存在着一定的函数关系.本文研究了利用RBF神经网络和参数之间的关系对数据进行预处理,得到了较为正常的数据,结果表明该方法是有效的.     

舰载雷达鉴定试验数据处理关键问题分析

舰载雷达鉴定试验是雷达试验的重要部分.为了对雷达的性能作出置信度高的评判,数据处理是关键.只有因素考虑全面、模型建立正确,才能获得高精度的真值数据,进而实现对雷达的可靠评判.分析了数据处理的流程和关键环节,针对空间变换、舰体运动参数补偿、时间校准3个关键问题进行建模,并用实例计算结果验证了模型的可行性和有效性.     

面向航空发动机的质量数据及管理体系结构的分析研究

航空发动机质量的好坏直接影响飞机飞行的可靠性,本文研究了航空发动机全寿命周期过程中产生的各种质量数据;为了有效集成和共享数据信息,以发动机的组成要素为依据,对数据信息进行分类分析,并将质量信息分为产品类、组件类、零件类;最后建立了质量数据信息系统体系结构,实现了航空发动机质量数据从采集、分类、传递到共享达到集成化的管理。     

基于试验数据与使用数据融合的产品寿命可靠性分析方法

可靠性数据分析作为描述、评价产品可靠性的理论方法,已经成为可靠性工程的重要组成部分。针对产品在实际使用中存在未失效数据且数量较多的情况,提出一种将试验数据与使用数据相融合的产品寿命可靠性分析方法。在产品寿命服从典型分布时,利用试验数据与使用数据融合后的数据,采用随机右截尾情形下的极大似然估计方法估算产品寿命分布函数中的参数,进而对产品寿命的可靠性进行分析计算。结果表明:在相同的可靠度和置信水平下,利用试验数据与使用数据融合后增大了样本容量,提高了产品可靠性分析的准确性。     

基于在高原机场降落的喷气运输机QAR数据的飞行特性分析(英文)

Flight data of a twin-jet transport aircraft in revenue flight are analyzed for potential safety problems.Data from the quick access recorder (QAR) are first filtered through the kinematic compatibilit...     

Calibration of complex polarimetric SAR imagery using backscattercorrelations

A technique for calibration of multipolarization synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) imagery is described. If scatterer reciprocity and lack of correlation between co- and cross-polarized radar echoes (for azimuthally symmetric distributed targets) are assumed, the effects of signal leakage between the radar data channels can be removed without the use of known ground targets. If known targets are available, all data channels can be calibrated relative to one another and radiometrically as well. The method is verified with simulation and application to airborne SAR data     

Statistically Optimum Optical Data Processing with Automatic Focus Estimation

The problem of optimally processing data with unknown focus is investigated. Optimum data processors are found by the method of maximum likelihood under a variety of assumptions that apply to most of the situations arising in practice. The unknown focus may be either an unknown parameter or an unknown random variable; the signal may be of known form or a random function; it is further assumed that the signal is received in additive, white, Gaussian noise. The problems of jointly estimating other unknown parameters and, in the case of a random signal, jointly estimating the signal, are also treated. The asymptotic variance and correlation of the estimators is discussed. Electrooptical realizations of the maximum likelihood computers are given. An iterative method of solution of the likelihood equation is also discussed. The discussion and results are directly applicable to the processing of synthetic aperture radar data.     

不完全数据秩分布理论

建立了不完全数据和无失效数据秩分布理论。给出了失效数据和中止数据的百分位秩和平均秩。从而可以成功地对实验中或外场的不完全数据和无失效数据进行统计分析,并提供最佳试验设计和最大限度地进行信息开发。     

基于性能退化数据的液体火箭发动机可靠性Bayes评定

性能退化表征的是产品的工作能力随时间逐渐降低的现象。对于液体火箭发动机等试验费用昂贵的高可靠性产品,失效时间数据难以得到,此时性能退化数据是评定其可靠性的重要信息。文章提出用线性随机过程模型来描述产品性能参数逼近临界值的过程,再根据产品的失效机理,推导出产品的失效分布函数形式。相对于传统的寿命分布模型,文中推导的失效分布函数中的参数因物理含义明确而易于通过实时跟踪测量性能参数时间序列数据估计得到。文中还通过一个数值实例说明了该方法在工程上应用的有效性。     

Multi-Target/Multi-Sensor Tracking using Only Range and Doppler Measurements

A new approach is described for combining range and Doppler data from multiple radar platforms to perform multi-target detection and tracking. In particular, azimuthal measurements are assumed to be either coarse or unavailable, so that multiple sensors are required to triangulate target tracks using range and Doppler measurements only. Increasing the number of sensors can cause data association by conventional means to become impractical due to combinatorial complexity, i.e., an exponential increase in the number of mappings between signatures and target models. When the azimuthal resolution is coarse, this problem will be exacerbated by the resulting overlap between signatures from multiple targets and clutter. In the new approach, the data association is performed probabilistically, using a variation of expectation-maximization (EM). Combinatorial complexity is avoided by performing an efficient optimization in the space of all target tracks and mappings between tracks and data. The full, multi-sensor, version of the algorithm is tested on simulated data. The results demonstrate that accurate tracks can be estimated by exploiting spatial diversity in the sensor locations. Also, as a proof-of-concept, a simplified, single-sensor range-only version of the algorithm is tested on experimental radar data acquired with a stretch radar receiver. These results are promising, and demonstrate robustness in the presence of nonhomogeneous clutter.     

大规模应变监测值获取技术研究

针对全机静强度试验过程中获取应变监测值的问题,提出一种适用解决该问题的方法。全机静强度试验过程中,需要对一万个左右的应变片进行监控。在试验之前,需要提供试验工况下每个应变片的理论计算值作为监测值,筛选出重点关注部位,方便与试验值进行对比。由于应变片数量大,根据有限元结果,手工获取应变监测值效率低且易出错。从应变变换和应变插值的基本理论出发,详细介绍了快速获取应变监测值的方法,并基于HyperWorks有限元前后处理软件开发出一套应变监测值获取工具,实现了在单元面内和面外对应变进行插值,提高了应变监测值计算精度,克服了传统基于自然网格有限元模型方法带来的计算繁琐、效率低、局部计算精度不足的缺点,大大降低了应变监测值数据的准备难度。     

The role of test in total quality management

The quality of a delivered product or system is ultimately limited by the quality of its design and manufacturing process. Defects that escape the design, manufacturing, and test processes are delivered to customers. Process Potential Index (Cp) and Process Capability Index (Cpk) are now widely used to express design and manufacturing quality. Design quality may be estimated from product models, if they exist, or measured using parameter test data. The difficulty in using test data is not so much in the calculations, but in the recording, storing, and selection of the data to be used in the calculations. This paper defines the metrics of quality estimation and describes an implementation of a system for estimating defect levels and process capabilities. The implementation includes the definition of a standardized parametric data exchange language for test data and an analytical system to standardize product quality measurement     

基于广义回归神经网络的飞参数据预处理

由于存在干扰,飞参系统记录的发动机参数中,经常会有不少间断点和奇异值.为了利用数据对发动机性能趋势进行预测,必须对数据进行预处理.分析了航空发动机作为一个系统,其各主要输入和输出参数之间存在的函数关系.研究了利用广义回归神经网络和参数之间的关系对数据进行预处理,结果得到了较为正常的数据,证明该方法是有效的.     

不完全数据最佳线性无偏估计方法

针对工程上存在大量不完全数据的情况,本文建立了不完全数据秩统计量的联合概率密度函数,给出不完全数据顺序统计量的均值、方差和协方差计算公式,提出不完全数据最佳线性无偏估计方法,并对正态分布、Weibull分布等位置-尺度分布进行了详细讨论。该方法能够充分开发利用试验数据中的不完全信息,从而提高不完全数据统计分析的精度。