柔性翼小型无人飞行器试验样机研究

通过对柔性翼小型无人飞行器试验样机的研制试飞和相关气动分析与试验,研究了解决柔性翼小型无人飞行器的气动性能、飞行性能和操纵稳定性的思路和方法。试验样机试飞与相关风洞试验结果表明,可折叠柔性翼小型无人飞行器飞行稳定,操纵反应适当,具有广阔的应用前景。     

高速再入飞行试验再入条件优化设计

飞行器返回再入时将经历极高的气动热环境,因此深空探测返回飞行器,尤其是载人飞船需要通过实际飞行试验验证相关性能,为降低成本和研制风险,通常采用大再入角和相对第二宇宙速度较低的再入速度进行飞行试验。为获得能实现高热流密度验证的最小能量再入任务方案,采用优化设计手段对飞行试验的再入角和速度以及倾侧角控制进行设计,经仿真分析表明,优化结果可达到飞行试验要求的热流密度,并可将再入速度需求降低约2．1 km／s。     

高超声速飞行器瞬态热试验

为了进行高超声速飞行器热防护系统的初步设计和数值计算的验证,设计开发了高超声速飞行器瞬态气动加热地面试验系统及其控制软件.试验系统能够根据飞行器的飞行轨迹和外形参数加载瞬态热流,实时测出结构表面的热流值和温度,得到飞行器的表面试验热流曲线和温度曲线.试验系统采用真空舱模拟飞行环境,并为此设计了冷却床,在真空环境下能比较真实的模拟热防护系统的下表面热环境,使瞬态热试验的原理更加合理,精度进一步提高.      

变论域模糊控制在无人飞行器马赫数控制中的应用研究

针对无人飞行器的控制要求,提出了一种增量式变论域模糊智能控制算法。该算法具有调节裕度大、鲁棒性强的特点,适用于非线性控制系统,解决了无人飞行器巡航马赫数缓慢升高不能稳定跟踪目标值的问题。通过模拟飞行轨迹的半实物仿真试验,验证了模糊智能控制算法的控制效果,试验结果表明,通过采用模糊控制方法大大提高飞行马赫数控制的动态性能,满足无人飞行器控制系统设计要求,取得了较好的控制效果。      

高超声速飞行器构型的数值模拟、试验研究与优化设计

综合升力体和乘波构型的气动性能优势,发展了一种高超声速飞行器前体气动构型的设计方法。运用该方法参考某高超声速飞行器气动布局方案,设计了一种高超声速飞行器气动布局。对该类高超声速气动布局进行了数值模拟、优化设计和试验研究;并研究了该类气动布局在高空飞行时,稀薄气体效应对气动性能的影响。数值模拟结果表明：构型前体预压缩面能够将高压气体封闭在构型下表面,实现了乘波构型的设计概念;优化设计结果表明,对于该构型宽展比应在0.4~0.6之间,通过优化升阻比至少有3%~5%的提高余地。对DSMC算法的碰撞模型和有效碰撞次数进行了改进,发展了临近空间飞行器气动性能模拟软件。研究结果表明,在临近空间区域,该类气动布局的升阻比特性略有下降,但仍旧保持了高升阻比的气动优势。     

栅格舵气动与操纵特性高速风洞试验技术研究

为研究飞行器单独栅格舵全尺寸模型气动特性,考核、验证舵控系统操纵性能,在FL-24风洞（1．2m×1．2m）开展了专项试验技术研究。首次在国内高速风洞建立了全尺寸栅格舵高速风洞试验平台,主要内容包括：风洞大载荷侧壁支撑装置设计、高速风洞模型保护装置设计、高灵敏度气动测试天平研制、模型风载条件下变形测试系统设计以及动态气动力测量与数据处理方法等。该项试验技术实现了模型气动与舵控系统以及气动与结构一体化试验验证,为栅格舵尾翼布局飞行器相关专业设计及飞行试验提供了重要试验数据。     

一种新型微旋翼飞行器的设计与控制

简要介绍了一种新型的四旋翼微飞行器的设计方法和整体结构,在此基础上针对此型微飞行器提出了一种新的通过调节电机转速来控制飞行器飞行姿态的控制方法,并设计、制造了飞行器的遥控控制系统.试验表明,此控制方法具有原理简单、易于实现、重量较轻、复杂度较低的优点,有较好的经济性和实用性.     

面向先进战斗机研制的风洞模型飞行试验技术

高机动性先进战斗机气动布局与飞控系统设计面临愈加严峻的流动/运动/控制耦合问题,大迎角飞行以及推力矢量等高新技术应用也使其在研制过程中面临更高的技术风险,风洞模型飞行试验是实现飞行器气动/飞行/控制一体化研究、降低研制技术风险的重要手段。介绍了低速风洞模型飞行试验技术原理及国内外发展现状,对试验技术主要特点及其在支撑先进战斗机研制中的作用、应用范围、应用阶段以及面临的主要挑战进行了分析,为试验技术发展和应用提供参考。发展和应用低速风洞模型飞行试验技术,有利于充分挖掘战斗机的气动性能与控制性能,降低试飞风险,是新一代战斗机研制、新技术工程化应用的重要支撑技术。     

风洞虚拟飞行试验模拟方法研究

风洞虚拟飞行试验是把飞行器模型安装在风洞中具有三个转动自由度的专用支撑装置上,让三个角位移可以自由转动或者按照飞行器的飞行要求实时操纵控制舵面,来实现较为逼真的模拟飞行器真实机动运动过程,进而达到探索其气动／运动耦合机理的目的。发展风洞虚拟飞行试验,其模拟方法是必须要解决的核心理论问题。针对某典型导弹,开展了铅垂平面内三自由度俯仰运动的开环控制和闭环控制飞行仿真模拟,分析了风洞虚拟飞行试验和真实飞行之间的主要差异及其影响,研究了风洞虚拟飞行试验的模拟方法。结果表明：对铅垂平面内的三自由度俯仰运动,采用俯仰角速度反馈的经典三回路自动驾驶仪闭环控制方式,风洞虚拟飞行试验能够较为逼真地模拟真实飞行过程。     

飞翼布局无人机变形机翼设计与模型验证研究

对飞翼布局无人机变形机翼和变形机翼传动机构进行了设计,根据设计结果制作验证模型进行风洞实验和外场飞行试验,以此研究伸缩段机翼对飞行器机翼整体气动性能的影响。结果表明:采用变形机翼技术,可以通过实时控制机翼的气动外形保持较高的气动效率,提高飞机在巡航状态下的升力和高速飞行状态下的机动性,满足飞机在各种任务剖面的战术性能要求。     

基于试验设计的固体火箭冲压发动机燃烧效率规律研究

以双下侧进气布局的固体火箭冲压发动机为研究对象,以补燃室中燃气与空气的掺混燃烧效率规律为研究目标,将燃气喷管数量、补燃室头部距离、补燃室长径比、空气进气角度、空气进气速度5个因子作为二次燃烧效率的影响因子,基于试验设计方法,建立了5因子2水平的全因子试验表,并以该表为基础对构建出的32种不同掺混结构的固体火箭冲压发动机补燃室的反应流场进行数值模拟。用试验设计中的数据处理方法对计算结果进行分析,获得了5个显著因子及各因子对燃烧效率的影响规律。为了验证分析结果的正确性,从试验设计表中选取5种掺混结构进行了地面连管试验,试验结果与分析结论一致。将试验设计方法应用到固体火箭冲压发动机燃烧性能的研究中,为发动机性能寻优提供了新途径,具有较高的工程应用价值。     

Non-affine parameter dependent LPV model and LMI based adaptive control for turbofan engines

The precise control of turbofan engines thrust is an important guarantee for an aircraft to obtain good flight performance and a challenge due to complex nonlinear dynamics of engines and time-varying parameters. The main difficulties lie in the following two aspects. Firstly, it is hard to obtain an accurate kinetic model for the turbofan engine. Secondly, some model parameters often change in different flight conditions and states and even fluctuate sharply in some cases. These variable parameters bring huge challenge for the turbofan engine control. To solve the turbofan engine control problem, this paper presents a non-affine parameter-dependent Linear Parameter Varying(LPV) model-based adaptive control approach. In this approach, polynomial-based LPV modeling method is firstly employed to obtain the basis matrices, and then the Radial Basis Function Neural Networks(RBFNN) is introduced for the online estimation of the non-affine model parameters to improve the simulation performance. LPV model-based Linear Matrix Inequality(LMI) control method is applied to derive the control law. A robust control term is introduced to fix the estimation error of the nonlinear time-varying model parameters for better control performance. Finally, the Lyapunov stability analysis is performed to ensure the asymptotical convergence of the closed loop system. The simulation results show that the states of the engine can change smoothly and the thrust of the engine can accurately follow the desired trajectory, indicating that the proposed control approach is effective. The contribution of this work lies in the combination of linear system control and nonlinear system control methods to design an effective controller for the turbofan engine and to provide a new way for turbofan engine control research.     

Comprehensive analysis of transport aircraft flight performance

This paper reviews the state-of-the art in comprehensive performance codes for fixed-wing aircraft. The importance of system analysis in flight performance is discussed. The paper highlights the role of aerodynamics, propulsion, flight mechanics, aeroacoustics, flight operation, numerical optimisation, stochastic methods and numerical analysis. The latter discipline is used to investigate the sensitivities of the sub-systems to uncertainties in critical state parameters or functional parameters. The paper discusses critically the data used for performance analysis, and the areas where progress is required.

Comprehensive analysis codes can be used for mission fuel planning, envelope exploration, competition analysis, a wide variety of environmental studies, marketing analysis, aircraft certification and conceptual aircraft design.

A comprehensive program that uses the multi-disciplinary approach for transport aircraft is presented. The model includes a geometry deck, a separate engine input deck with the main parameters, a database of engine performance from an independent simulation, and an operational deck. The comprehensive code has modules for deriving the geometry from bitmap files, an aerodynamics model for all flight conditions, a flight mechanics model for flight envelopes and mission analysis, an aircraft noise model and engine emissions. The model is validated at different levels. Validation of the aerodynamic model is done against the scale models DLR-F4 and F6. A general model analysis and flight envelope exploration are shown for the Boeing B-777-300 with GE-90 turbofan engines with intermediate passenger capacity (394 passengers in 2 classes). Validation of the flight model is done by sensitivity analysis on the wetted area (or profile drag), on the specific air range, the brake-release gross weight and the aircraft noise. A variety of results is shown, including specific air range charts, take-off weight–altitude charts, payload-range performance, atmospheric effects, economic Mach number and noise trajectories at F.A.R. landing points.     

飞行性能评估主导参数选择方法

影响高超声速滑翔飞行器飞行性能的参数有很多,若在飞行性能评估中全部予以考虑会使问题复杂到难以解决,选择主导参数是解决该问题的有效途径。在建立高超声速滑翔飞行器动力学模型的基础上,提出利用灵敏度分析选择主导参数的方法。针对一般灵敏度方法在确定主导参数过程中出现的问题,引入了综合灵敏度的概念。最后,以最大射程评估中的主导参数选择为例,通过数值仿真验证了方法的有效性。     

导弹飞控系统可靠性仿真研究

提出了在几种主要因素影响下进行飞控系统性能和可靠性一体化分析的方法。建立了风、结构误差(包括弹体质量分布不对称、弹体不同轴、翼面安装角误差和舵面机械零位误差)、推力偏心和硬件故障等因素的扰动模型,给出了可靠性仿真的方法、实施步骤、具体算法流程和相关可靠性指标的计算公式。以某型导弹飞控系统作为案例,进行了大量仿真,分析了风等因素对该系统可靠性的影响。通过算例证明,所建立的扰动模型和可靠性分析方法是正确的。     

基于膨胀度可控的 SERN 设计及试验验证简

 单边膨胀喷管（SERN）是超燃冲压发动机的关键部件,由于其几何非对称,在发动机点火/熄火瞬间,SERN会产生较大的冷热态俯仰力矩差,影响飞行器的稳定性。现有解决方法主要是利用几何/气动调节方式,但都有不利影响。本文提出了基于膨胀度可控的SERN设计的新方法,将采用该方法得到的喷管模型B与基准喷管模型A进行了对比研究,并对模型B进行缩比冷流试验,试验与数值模拟结果吻合良好。研究结果表明：飞行马赫数为4.5时,模型B的推力系数比模型A仅仅下降了0.1%,而模型B比模型A的冷热态俯仰力矩差减小了80.49%;飞行马赫数为6.5时,模型B的推力系数比模型A不仅上升1.1%,同时模型B比模型A冷热态俯仰力矩差还下降12.73%,验证了设计思想的正确性,为提高SERN俯仰力矩性能提供了一种新的思路。     

基于膨胀度可控的SERN设计及试验验证

单边膨胀喷管（SERN）是超燃冲压发动机的关键部件,由于其几何非对称,在发动机点火/熄火瞬间,SERN会产生较大的冷热态俯仰力矩差,影响飞行器的稳定性。现有解决方法主要是利用几何/气动调节方式,但都有不利影响。本文提出了基于膨胀度可控的SERN设计的新方法,将采用该方法得到的喷管模型B与基准喷管模型A进行了对比研究,并对模型B进行缩比冷流试验,试验与数值模拟结果吻合良好。研究结果表明：飞行马赫数为4.5时,模型B的推力系数比模型A仅仅下降了0.1%,而模型B比模型A的冷热态俯仰力矩差减小了80.49%;飞行马赫数为6.5时,模型B的推力系数比模型A不仅上升1.1%,同时模型B比模型A冷热态俯仰力矩差还下降12.73%,验证了设计思想的正确性,为提高SERN俯仰力矩性能提供了一种新的思路。     

基于成像跟踪的比例导引律实现

在综述了各种成象跟踪算法的基础上，给出了一种新的适于飞行力学自动目标跟踪算法的基本思想和方法步骤。研究和控制利用成像跟踪算法获取比例导引律中视线角速度和导弹怀目标间相对速度的方法，并结合导弹飞行控制数学模型，提出了一种基于成像跟踪的比例导引律实现方法。     

Inverse simulation as a tool for flight dynamics research—Principles and applications

The technique of inverse simulation is finding application in many and varied fields. As the name implies this technique is used to calculate the control action required to achieve a specified system response. The field of aircraft flight dynamics is particularly suited to this form of simulation as the question of what control actions must the pilot (or automatic flight control system) take for the aircraft to fly along a particular trajectory (a landing approach, for example) is often asked. This paper looks specifically at the application of inverse simulation in flight dynamics. The aim is not only to give an overview of the various techniques and applications but also to provide guidance to potential users of the technique on several of the physical and numerical features often observed in the results. An extensive review of the methodologies used within the family of inverse simulations is presented followed by a formal treatment of the theoretical development of inverse simulation as an established technique. A case study involving the inverse simulation of a helicopter flying a slalom manoeuvre is presented to demonstrate the application of inverse simulation in a flight dynamics analysis. An important feature of the use of inverse simulation is that it is necessary to define the output response required—in the case of flight dynamics the required flight path has to be modelled. Some of the methods used are documented, and their validity discussed. The paper also gives an insight into the types of problem which can be addressed by inverse simulation by detailing some of the many applications to which it has been put in the past. These include studies of rotorcraft handling qualities, performance and design, and pilot modelling as well as model validation. An important element of this paper is the formal, theoretical analysis of some of the numerical and physical features exhibited by inverse simulation which should aid potential users to interpret their results. The work presented in this paper shows a clear evolution of inverse simulation from its initial days when the mathematical models used were relatively simple into a mature analytical technique able to incorporate state of the art mathematical models and be applied to real flight dynamics problems.     

飞机推进系统性能评定

本文从飞机推进系统性能评定的要求出发,探讨了如何贯彻国家军用标准有关性能评定的程序、内容、方法及其有关问题。可供飞机,发动机的设计和试验时参考;并作为飞机定型试飞时,军方验收飞机推进系统性能的主要依据之一。