大展弦比机翼跨声速静气动弹性风洞试验

基于静气动弹性风洞试验研究了某翼身组合体的跨声速静气动弹性效应。试验结果表明:在设计巡航点,静气动弹性对大展弦比超临界机翼的气动特性影响明显,可使机翼的升力系数降低21%、升阻比增加8%、焦点前移约1%bA;在超过巡航马赫数后,静气动弹性效应使得机翼气动特性有恶化的趋势。跨声速时,马赫数和速压对机翼的静气动弹性效应具有较大影响,且影响规律呈复杂非线性,难以依据现有理论分析准确预计。     

基于非结构网格的跨声速静气动弹性计算

基于非结构网格开发了静气动弹性计算程序,通过气动力与弹性变形的交替迭代计算实现流固耦合。气动力求解采用RANS方程,结构变形计算采用柔度系数法,通过面样条(IPS)方法进行柔度系数插值,使用改进弹簧近似法实现网格变形。通过对AGARD 445.6机翼的静气弹计算验证了方法的正确性,同时对机翼的静气动弹性特性进行了分析,计算表明,弹性变形使其升力线斜率下降、焦点前移。     

一种计及静气动弹性变形影响的跨声速机翼气动优化设计方法研究

耦合流场控制方程和结构静平衡方程求解得到大展弦比跨声速弹性机翼气动性能,分析研究了结构静弹性变形对气动载荷的影响.在此基础上以机翼典型剖面外形和机翼型架外形为设计变量进行了基于控制理论的跨声速弹性机翼气动优化设计方法研究,实现了在真实飞行条件下考虑静气动弹性变形影响的大展弦比跨声速弹性机翼一体化优化设计.优化设计算例结果表明所发展的方法是成功的,优化得到的弹性机翼在满足升力系数约束条件下提高了升阻比.     

三维机翼的静气动弹性特性数值模拟研究

发展了一种计算流体动力学（CFD）和计算结构动力学（CSD）的耦合计算方法,对三维机翼的静气动弹性进行了数值模拟研究。采用三维欧拉方程为控制方程基于直角网格计算气动力,并耦合结构静平衡方程进行静气动弹性数值模拟,设计了CFD/CSD耦合计算的数据交换的方式。以M6机翼作为算例,进行了机翼静气动弹性的数值模拟,计算结果表明所发展的三维机翼静气动弹性数值模拟方法是合理可行的,并可作为机翼结构优化设计和考虑结构弹性变形影响的气动外形优化设计的基础。     

大展弦比桁架支撑机翼静气动弹性问题研究

桁架支撑机翼构型能够显著减轻结构重量,增大机翼展弦比,进而提高飞机升阻比,降低油耗,是一种很有潜力的未来运输机布局方案。目前国内尚无关于桁架支撑布局形式飞机的系统研究。为研究某大展弦比桁架支撑布局飞机的静气动弹性问题,本文采用基于面元法的静气动弹性分析法,依据估算刚度建立了其静气动弹性计算模型,与常规构型机翼进行了对比计算与分析。结果表明,采用桁架支撑布局形式的大展弦比机翼变形量较小,弹性变形对气动特性的影响量也较小,还能够有效降低内翼部分承受的力与力矩,有利于结构减重设计,从而为大展弦比桁架支撑机翼设计提供参考。     

静气动弹性模型高速风洞试验研究北大核心CSCD

对采用复合材料玻璃纤维、碳纤维加工的静气动弹性模型进行了高速风洞试验研究,测试了模型的柔度矩阵、气动力、表面压力、弯/扭应变信号及弯/扭变形,为静气动弹性模型刚度试验、弯/扭应变信号测量、模型变形视频测量(VMD)及风洞总压控制等静气动弹性风洞试验能力的提高积累了经验,为飞行器静气动弹性研究提供了良好的试验平台。研究表明:静气动弹性模型较刚性模型升力线斜率及襟副翼效率下降、气动焦点前移;静气动弹性模型与刚性模型表面压力差异明显;在小迎角范围内,静气动弹性机翼模型弯/扭应变信号随迎角增加基本呈线性变化;在正迎角时,大展弦比后掠机翼静气动弹性模型的剖面扭转变形使有效迎角减小,剖面越靠近翼尖弯/扭变形越大。     

基于CFD的静气动弹性优化设计方法

以三维Navier-Stokes方程为控制方程,数值计算弹性机翼跨音速气动力,耦合结构静平衡方程,研究弹性机翼的静气动弹性变形和真实载荷分布,并在此基础上,对机翼的型架外形进行基于静气动弹性的多学科的优化设计(MDO),以及对机翼进行基于总升力不变的飞行姿态确定,以满足弹性机翼在飞行时的品质设计要求.以某后掠机翼为例,设计结果达到预期目标.     

静气动弹性模型高速风洞试验研究

对采用复合材料玻璃纤维、碳纤维加工的静气动弹性模型进行了高速风洞试验研究,测试了模型的柔度矩阵、气动力、表面压力、弯/扭应变信号及弯/扭变形,为静气动弹性模型刚度试验、弯/扭应变信号测量、模型变形视频测量(VMD)及风洞总压控制等静气动弹性风洞试验能力的提高积累了经验,为飞行器静气动弹性研究提供了良好的试验平台。研究表明:静气动弹性模型较刚性模型升力线斜率及襟副翼效率下降、气动焦点前移;静气动弹性模型与刚性模型表面压力差异明显;在小迎角范围内,静气动弹性机翼模型弯/扭应变信号随迎角增加基本呈线性变化;在正迎角时,大展弦比后掠机翼静气动弹性模型的剖面扭转变形使有效迎角减小,剖面越靠近翼尖弯/扭变形越大。     

考虑物理参数摄动的静气动弹性鲁棒分析

为了研究静气动弹性系统在不确定性摄动下的稳定性和性能,建立了一种考虑物理参数摄动的静气动弹性鲁棒分析方法。从静气动弹性系统的物理方程出发,应用摄动理论和线性分式变换推导了由物理参数摄动引起的广义刚度、结构模态和广义定常气动力的摄动模型,然后得到了静气动弹性系统不确定性模型。将结构奇异值μ分析推广应用于静气动弹性鲁棒性分析。以一大展弦比长直机翼为例,分析了机翼前梁的材料弹性模态受到一定摄动时的鲁棒静发散稳定性和静气动弹性变形性能。数值结果验证了该方法是准确有效的。     

机翼弹性变形对气动特性的影响

在非结构混合网格框架下,采用有限体积法求解了Euler方程和N-S方程。使用结构影响系数法计算机翼结构的弹性变形,通过动态网格技术实现了气动力与结构变形之间的耦合运算,计算和分析了在气动载荷作用下的机翼变形和此时的气动特性,算例分析表明：典型后掠机翼的弹性变形会使机翼产生了正的挠度和负的剖面扭转角,在弯曲和扭转的相互作用下,机翼的有效迎角减小,从而导致机翼的升力系数减小。在Euler方程和N-S方程算例中,考虑弹性变形条件下的机翼升力系数比刚性机翼的升力系数分别减小了25.3%和24.1%。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.