Φ1m高超声速风洞小滚转力矩测量技术

为了满足再入飞行器的不断发展需求,准确测量再入过程中烧蚀作用所产生的小量级滚转力矩,本文在近年来小口径高超声速风洞中再入飞行器小滚转力矩测量技术研究工作基础上,创新改进以气浮轴承为核心建立的低阻尼自由滚转测量试验技术,利用传统试验数据处理方法结合飞行动力学仿真等多种设计和数据分析手段,最终实现大口径高超声速风洞高马赫数、大迎角条件下多个状态点的再入飞行器试验模型滚转气动力矩精细化测量。风洞试验结果表明,试验系统工作稳定可靠,试验数据完善、合理,能够为再入飞行器的相关设计工作提供重要依据。     

滚转运动对乘波飞行器气动特性的影响

 乘波飞行器运动过程中的非定常气动特性是高超声速飞行中的重要物理问题之一。采用数值模拟方法模拟了乘波飞行器在固定迎角下绕其对称轴强迫滚转运动这一过程。比较了在不同频率和滚转角下乘波飞行器的气动特性。计算格式采用AUSM类格式中最新的AUSM+up格式。计算结果表明：AUSM+up能很好地模拟飞行器滚转运动这一非定常过程;滚转运动时,所设计的乘波飞行器能使高压气体很好地附着在乘波飞行器下表面从而使其具有较好的气动特性;当频率较大时,乘波飞行器由于角速度的诱导作用会导致升力出现迟滞现象;做滚转运动时,滚转力矩小于零,产生正阻尼,乘波飞行器不会产生“摇滚”运动。     

两种高超声速一体化构型的气动性能对比分析

高超声速飞行器目前已经成为世界各大国航空航天发展的主要目标之一。以美国X-43A和X-51两高超声速飞行器为研究对象,对两类飞行器气动性能进行了数值模拟,并以此为基础对比分析了两类高超声速飞行器的一体化气动特性。研究结果表明：燃料入射角对飞行器的稳定性（包括俯仰力矩、滚转力矩）和气动力影响剧烈,在相同的燃料入口条件下（...     

升力体飞行器尾喷流模拟气动力试验方法研究

尾喷流对升力体高超声速飞行器的气动特性影响显著,风洞喷流模拟测力试验是研究升力体飞行器尾喷流干扰效应的重要手段。在尾喷流模拟气动力试验中,选取恰当的喷流模拟参数,以及克服喷流供气管路对天平测力的干扰以提高测量精准度,是需要解决的关键技术。在 CARDC 的Ф1米高超声速风洞中,研究了采用冷喷流模拟、飞行器整体模型测力的升力体飞行器尾喷流模拟测力试验方法。通过优化模型结构设计、选用小干扰的喷管分断缝隙密封措施,解决了带尾喷流模拟条件下的升力体飞行器气动力精确测量问题,提高了带喷流气动力试验数据精度,接近常规气动力试验的水平。     

带减阻杆高超声速飞行器外形气动特性研究

采用高超声速风洞测力试验方法测量钝头飞行器头部减阻杆的高超声速气动特性,研究减阻杆的气动减阻原理,分析了多组不同构型减阻杆的减阻效果。结果表明,减阻杆显著减少了钝头飞行器高超声速的阻力,最大的减阻率达到60％之多;减阻效果与减阻杆构型和迎角状态密切相关;减阻杆会诱发稳定性、“热斑”以及非定常脉动等不利问题。     

通用大气飞行器的参数化气动布局研究

提出了一种新的升力体类通用大气飞行器布局方案.应用基于二次曲线的模线设计方法,通过二次曲线的控制点和形状参数实现参数化外形建模,构造适用于通用大气飞行器的升力体布局方案,提高飞行器气动布局方案的设计效率,为进一步的气动特性计算和布局方案设计优化奠定基础.采用修正的内伏牛顿流理论,对通用大气飞行器进行高超声速气动特性计算,并进行了质心设计,获得的高超声速稳定配平升阻比达到3.5以上.进行了控制舵面设计和控制效率的计算分析.     

升力体机动飞行器气动布局概念设计

开展高超声速机动飞行器的气动布局概念设计研究,提出一种新的升力体机动飞行器气动布局方案,进行了机体的优化设计,并进行了控制舵的匹配设计,研究了飞行器的气动特性和操纵效率问题。研究表明,该方案可以获得较高的配平升阻比及配平攻角,有较高的机动控制效率,是高超声速飞行器实现高机动的潜在可行方案。     

基于翼面压力的飞行器气动力感知技术与自由飞验证

飞行器在大迎角飞行状态下其复杂绕流流动会导致非指令运动出现,严重影响了飞行器的操纵性与飞行安全。现有以惯性元件为核心的机载设备无法直接提供非定常气动力参数,而如何实时感知飞行器大迎角状态的非定常气动力/力矩,是抑制非指令运动现象的核心所在,将是未来战机设计中亟待解决的空气动力学和飞行控制的关键问题之一。针对上述问题,提出基于翼面压力信息获取特征截面滚转力矩系数C_lsec,估算飞行器全机在大迎角状态下的非定常气动力矩,进而判断飞行器的滚转运动的设想。风洞和飞行试验研究结果表明：对于80°/48°双三角翼,0.8c特征截面滚转力矩系数C_lsec与模型滚转力矩存在相关性;在飞行器进行大迎角平飞动作时,非指令滚转运动下的滚转力矩系数C_lsec大幅增加;C_lsec能够比惯性传感器提前预测模型的滚转运动趋势,可为飞行器大迎角状态的非指令运动抑制提供一定数据依据。     

升力体构型高超声速飞行器气动特性分析

高超声速飞行器所采用的超燃冲压发动机工作时,进气道和尾喷口的流场扰动将造成气动参数变化,控制系统应在这个变化条件下保证飞行器的姿态精度.为了考虑发动机工作流场的影响,有针对性地设计控制系统,研究分析了在发动机不同工作状态下升力体构型高超声速飞行器气动特性的变化,以及操纵舵面偏转对其气动特性的影响.着眼于保证飞行器飞行姿态的控制系统设计,对超燃冲压发动机不同工作状态下的高超声速飞行器的气动特性给出了解析描述,为控制算法的设计提供了重要参考.     

高超声速飞行器构型的数值模拟、试验研究与优化设计

综合升力体和乘波构型的气动性能优势,发展了一种高超声速飞行器前体气动构型的设计方法。运用该方法参考某高超声速飞行器气动布局方案,设计了一种高超声速飞行器气动布局。对该类高超声速气动布局进行了数值模拟、优化设计和试验研究;并研究了该类气动布局在高空飞行时,稀薄气体效应对气动性能的影响。数值模拟结果表明：构型前体预压缩面能够将高压气体封闭在构型下表面,实现了乘波构型的设计概念;优化设计结果表明,对于该构型宽展比应在0.4~0.6之间,通过优化升阻比至少有3%~5%的提高余地。对DSMC算法的碰撞模型和有效碰撞次数进行了改进,发展了临近空间飞行器气动性能模拟软件。研究结果表明,在临近空间区域,该类气动布局的升阻比特性略有下降,但仍旧保持了高升阻比的气动优势。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.