无人机中继平台覆盖区域统计模型

针对中继信号覆盖区域确定性模型没有考虑信道随机衰落影响的问题,提出了一种基于中断概率的无人机（UAVs）中继平台信号覆盖半径统计模型。通过将中继链路建模为包含路径损耗、阴影衰落和多径衰落的复合分布模型,推导获得中继信号覆盖半径的概率分布,并给出一种利用中断概率数值求解覆盖半径的方法。仿真结果表明,信道衰落对覆盖半径影响非常大,当中断概率小于10%时,覆盖半径仅为无衰落信道时的一半。研究结果对移动自组织网络（MANETs）中的中继网络的无人机最优布置、飞行策略以及网络性能评估等具有重要的参考价值。     

频率选择性衰落信道DS-CDMA无人机中继通信系统航迹规划

无人机中继通信是实现远距离无线通信的一种重要技术手段，无人机的飞行航迹对无人机中继通信系统的链路传输可靠性存在显著的影响，在频率选择性衰落信道环境下研究了基于直序列码分多址（DS-CDMA）的无人机中继通信系统的航迹优化的问题。首先，给出了基于DS-CDMA的译码转发无人机中继通信系统的模型，并理论分析给出无人机中继通信系统的链路中断概率及平均误码率计算公式，以此为基础，基于链路中断概率最小化准则提出了中继无人机的航迹规划方法，最后通过仿真验证了所提出方法的正确性与有效性。研究表明：最大比值合并DS-CDMA无人机中继通信系统可充分获取频率选择性衰落信道提供的分集增益，显著改善链路传输的可靠性。     

非对称衰落信道下无人机中继传输方案及性能分析

 无人机(UAV)作为中继传输平台受到了国内外研究人员的广泛关注。本文研究了非对称衰落信道下的无人机中继传输系统,提出了输出信噪比最大化准则下的波束形成(BF)优化方案,并推导出系统中断概率、遍历容量和平均误符号率等无线通信系统主要性能指标的理论表达式。通过计算机仿真验证了本文提出的中继传输方案及性能分析的正确性,并定量分析了天线数量、信道参数以及功率分配对系统性能的影响,为无人机中继传输系统的设计及性能评估提供了参考和依据。     

基于遗传算法的无人机自组网吞吐量优化方法

在一些紧急情况下,无人机自组网可以为特定地域提供通信服务。无人机自组网中的每架无人机相当于一个路由器,通过无线链路形成一个网络,以实现中继通信的目的。吞吐量是一个重要的网络性能指标,无人机节点的位置对其有一定影响。首先从无人机位置和终端选择两个方面分析了无人机自组网吞吐量的影响因素;其次,建立了无人机自组网吞吐量优化的数学模型;再次,提出了一种基于遗传算法的无人机位置优化算法,使无人机网络的吞吐量最大化;最后,使用Matlab从性能、位置约束半径（PCR）的影响和粒度半径（PSR）的影响三个方面对该算法进行了仿真。结果表明,通过控制无人机位置,吞吐量可以达到预期目标,优化速度与PCR和PSR有关。     

空时分组编码的无人机中继通信航迹规划方法

无人机(UAV)中继通信是实现远距离点对点无线通信的一种重要技术手段。为提高无人机中继通信系统链路传输的可靠性,提出基于空时分组编码的无人机放大转发中继通信传输方案,并基于双跳链路遍历容量最大化的准则给出了无人机最佳航迹规划方法,并进一步利用FM-EM算法给出了基于空时分组编码无人机中继通信系统的中断概率及遍历信道容量计算公式。计算机仿真表明:提出的方法显著优于传统的单发单收(SISO)无人机中继通信系统。     

VS-CMA盲均衡算法在短波数据通信中的应用研究

在美军标MIL-STD-188-110B基础上,改进短波（HF）数据通信发送端数据流结构,以便接收端对信号进行盲均衡处理。基于8PSK调制信号的峰度为恒定值的统计特性,提出采用均衡输出信号的峰度与理想信号的峰度差异,以调整恒模算法（CMA）的步长因子;并针对国际电联推荐的短波信道参数,进行了算法的性能仿真。仿真分析表明该算法对慢衰落的短波信道具有较好的均衡效果,对快衰落信道的均衡能力有限;应对快速衰落信道,算法还有待进一步改进。     

无线航空电子机内通信MIMO信道仿真

无线航空电子机内通信（WAIC）宽带互连可选用多天线无线局域网（WLAN）。在航空电子设备舱,无线电信号在机舱结构和航电设备架之间的反射是造成多径衰落的主要因素,而且在进行多入多出（MIMO）传输时,不同天线接收信号间的相关性一般不可忽略。根据航电设备架和设备布置的几何位置关系及其材质,建立了三维模型,采用接收球反射角误差法模拟信号在航电舱内的传播路径。针对不同航电设备安装密度条件,分别考虑均匀线性和圆形天线的信号接收情况进行仿真,使用聚类对数据预处理,得到多簇多径信道模型,并使用多径衰落和时延分布描述的航电舱WAIC信道特性,统计分析得到MIMO信道传输矩阵,以及接收机天线间相关性对信道性能的影响。仿真分析表明,当航电设备安装密度大于60%时,信道条件可近似采用完全满载时的信道参数。文中的仿真分析方法为航电设备架附近的MIMO无线传输特性分析和设计提供了参考。     

无人机编队支撑网络的协同通信中继策略

针对无人机编队支撑网络优化选择中继成员进而提高编队协同通信能力问题，基于端到端技术（Device-to-Device，D2D），提出了一种同时考虑无人机编队成员的邻近域及编队成员间的社会性依存关系来优化选择中继成员的中继策略，旨在既能保证无人机编队的基本通信能力，又能同时优化提高编队的吞吐量，从而进一步提升编队支撑网络的整体性能。研究结果表明，所提的无人机编队支撑网络中继成员优化选择策略在系统吞吐量方面较已有方法具有明显优势。     

一种信道系数服从高斯分布的8PSK信号信噪比盲估计算法

信噪比（SNR,Signalto Noise Ratio）是衡量通信系统性能的重要指标。针对传统信噪比估计算法要求利用训练序列或一帧数据范周内信道系数恒定等问题,提出了一种8PSK信号在信道系数服从高斯分布的衰落信道下肯信噪比估计算法。该算法取接收信号实部或虚部数值运算构成中间观测量,理论分析8PSK信号经过衰落信道后...     

航空宽带通信无线信号接入技术

主要研究航空无线宽带通信系统的无线网络信号覆盖(无线接入网)问题.提出了三种无线信号覆盖模型:地面基站信号覆盖模型、卫星中继信号覆盖模型、高空平台通信系统(HAPS)覆盖模型.然后从建设成本、技术难点、覆盖效果等角度综合分析了各个模型的优缺点.最后得到以下结论及建议:地面基站信号覆盖模型技术成熟,但是建设成本高,比较适合机场及繁忙的航线航路;卫星中继信号覆盖模型建设成本低廉,但是传输数据速率低,难以满足宽带通信要求,这种模型比较适合跨洋航线、非繁忙航线以及临时航线;HAPS(高空平台通信系统)模型覆盖范围广、工程造价低,但是技术不够成熟,因此可以作为未来航空宽带通信信号覆盖技术的选择.     

Relay selection based on MAP estimation for cooperative communication with outdated channel state information

In this paper, we consider an amplify-and-forward (AF) cooperative communication system when the channel state information (CSI) used in relay selection differs from that during data transmission, i.e., the CSI used in relay selection is outdated. The selected relay may not be actually the best for data transmission and the outage performance of the cooperative system will deteriorate. To improve its performance, we propose a relay selection strategy based on maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation, where relay is selected based on predicted signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). To reduce the computation complexity, we approximate the a posteriori probability density of SNR and obtain a closed-form predicted SNR, and a relay selection strategy based on the approximate MAP estimation (RS-AMAP) is proposed. The simulation results show that this approximation leads to trivial performance loss from the perspective of outage probability. Compared with relay selection strategies given in the literature, the outage probability is reduced largely through RS-AMAP for medium-to-large transmitting powers and medium-to-high channel correlation coefficients.     

Optimization of beamforming and path planning for UAV-assisted wireless relay networks

Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles （UAVs） acting as relay platforms have attracted considerable attention due to the advantages of extending coverage and improving connectivity for long-range communications. Specifically, in the scenario where the access point （AP） is mobile, a UAV needs to find an efficient path to guarantee the connectivity of the relay link. Motivated by this fact, this paper proposes an optimal design for beamforming （BF） and UAV path planning. First of all, we study a dual-hop amplify-and-forward （AF） wireless relay network, in which a UAV is used as relay between a mobile AP and a fixed base station （BS）. In the network, both of the AP and the BS are equipped with multiple antennas, whereas the UAV has a single antenna. Then, we obtain the output signal~to-noise ratio （SNR） of the dual-hop relay network. Based on the criterion of maximizing the output SNR, we develop an optimal design to obtain the solution of the optimal BF weight vector and the UAV heading angle. Next, we derive the closed-form outage probability （OP） expression to investigate the performance of the dual-hop relay network conveniently. Finally, computer simulations show that the proposed approach can obtain nearly optimal flying path and OP performance, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, we find that increasing the antenna number at the BS or the maximal heading angle can significantly improve the performance of the considered relay network.     

Proactive optimization of transmission power and 3D trajectory in UAV-assisted relay systems with mobile ground users

In this paper, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-assisted relay communication system is studied, where a UAV is served as a flying relay to maintain a communication link between a mobile source node and a remote destination node. Specifically, an average outage probability minimization problem is formulated firstly, with the constraints on the transmission power of the source node, the maximum energy consumption budget, the transmission power, the speed and acceleration of the flying UAV relay. Next, the closed-form of outage probability is derived, under the hybrid line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight probability channel model. To deal with the formulated nonconvex optimization, a long-term proactive optimization mechanism is developed. In particular, firstly, an approximation for line-of-sight probability and a reformulation of the primal problem are given, respectively. Then, the reformulated problem is transformed into two subproblems: one is the transmission power optimization with given UAV’s trajectory and the other is the trajectory optimization with given transmission power allocation. Next, two subproblems are tackled via tailoring primal–dual subgradient method and successive convex approximation, respectively. Furthermore, a proactive optimization algorithm is proposed to jointly optimize the transmission power allocation and the three-dimensional trajectory. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm under various parameter configurations.     

Energy-efficiency maximization for fixed-wing UAV-enabled relay network with circular trajectory

With the development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), the applications of UAVs have been extensively explored. In the field of wireless communications, the relay nodes are often used to extend network coverage. However, traditional fixed ground relays cannot be flexibly deployed due to their low heights and fixed locations. Hence, deploying UAV as relay node is a promising solution and has become a research hotspot. In this paper, we consider an UAV-enabled relaying network in which a fixed-wing UAV is deployed between the Base Station (BS) and Ground Users (GUs). We study the energy-efficiency gap between the link “BS-UAV-GUs” and the link “BS-GUs”, and jointly optimize UAV relay transmission power and flight radius to achieve the highest energy-efficiency. Firstly, the UAV/BS-GUs channels models and the UAV energy consumption model are built. Secondly, the optimization objective function is formulated to maximize the energy-efficiency gap. Then, the solution of the optimization problem is divided into a two-step iteration process, in which the UAV relay transmission power and flight radius are adjusted to maximize the energy-efficiency gap. Finally, the experimental results under different simulation scenarios (such as cities, forests, deserts, oceans, etc.) are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm can always find the optimal UAV relay transmission power and flight radius settings, and achieve the largest energy-efficiency gap. The convergency speed of the proposed algorithm is fast, and can obtain the optimal solution within only a few iterations.     

Green UAV communications for 6G: A survey

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have received a wide range of attention for military and commercial applications. Enhanced with communication capability, UAVs are considered to play important roles in the Sixth Generation (6G) networks due to their low cost and flexible deployment. 6G is supposed to be an all-coverage network to provide ubiquitous connections for space, air, ground and underwater. UAVs are able to provide air-borne wireless coverage flexibly, serving as aerial base stations for ground users, as relays to connect isolated nodes, or as mobile users in cellular networks. However, the onboard energy of small UAVs is extremely limited. Thus, UAVs can be only deployed to establish wireless links temporarily. Prolonging the lifetime and developing green UAV communication with low power consumption becomes a critical challenge. In this article, a comprehensive survey on green UAV communications for 6G is carried out. Specifically, the typical UAVs and their energy consumption models are introduced. Then, the typical trends of green UAV communications are provided. In addition, the typical applications of UAVs and their green designs are discussed. Finally, several promising techniques and open research issues are also pointed out.     

一种基于多无人机的中继节点布置问题建模与优化方法

针对战场环境下急需在无法通信的节点间构建有效通信链路的情形,使用多无人机作为中继节点,建立了中继节点布置(RNP)问题模型。模型以中继链路有效和无人机安全为约束,以中继布置点位置及相应的无人机为输出,不但考虑了使用的中继无人机数量,还考虑了构建中继链路花费的时间。考虑到该问题是难以求解的混合整数多目标优化问题,同时在紧急应用情形下,要求求解算法快速有效,建立了一种多项式时间中继节点布置算法(PTRPA)。仿真实验验证了所提模型确实能够在更短的时间内完成有效中继链路构建;通过Monte-Carlo方法对比和分析不同因素对PTRPA算法、随机抽样算法、遗传算法求解该问题的结果性能和时间性能的影响,验证了PTRPA算法不但能够给出接近最优的解,且快速有效,满足战场决策需求。