锥形间隙孔型阻尼密封动力特性分析及抑振机理

应用非定常动网格技术建立了锥形间隙孔型阻尼密封动力特性多频椭圆涡动求解模型,研究了锥形度和涡动频率对孔型阻尼密封泄漏特性与动力特性的影响,分析了锥形间隙孔型阻尼密封的抑振机理。结果表明:锥形间隙增强了孔型阻尼密封的泄漏直通效应,增加了密封泄漏量。在平均间隙相等的情况下,收敛间隙孔型阻尼密封泄漏量小于发散间隙孔型阻尼密封;在同一涡动频率下,刚度系数随着锥形度的增加而增大,阻尼系数随着锥形度的增加而减小;收敛间隙孔型阻尼密封具有较大的正直接刚度,增加了转子系统的固有频率,发散间隙孔型阻尼密封产生较大的负直接刚度;收敛间隙孔型阻尼密封具有较大的有效刚度和穿越频率,较小的有效阻尼,发散间隙孔型阻尼密封具有较大的有效阻尼,较小的有效刚度和穿越频率;在锥形间隙孔型阻尼密封结构设计时,需要同时考虑转子系统固有频率和同心度的影响。      

凹槽射流对袋型阻尼密封泄漏特性与动力特性影响机理

采用非定常动网格技术建立了袋型阻尼密封泄漏特性和动力特性多频椭圆涡动求解模型,在验证求解模型准确性的基础上,研究了压比、转速和凹槽位置不同时凹槽射流对袋型阻尼密封泄漏特性与动力特性的影响,分析了袋型阻尼密封轴向与周向的流速和压力分布特性,揭示了凹槽射流对袋型阻尼密封泄漏特性和动力特性的影响机理.研究表明:凹槽射流增强了...     

负错位密封静力与动力特性的数值研究

提出了一种抑制气流激振力的负错位密封结构,建立了基于瞬态流场CFD动网格技术的负错位密封静力与动力特性求解模型,分析了偏心率、错位率等因素对密封泄漏量、周向压力、气流力与动力特性系数及密封转子稳定性的影响.结果表明:密封的泄漏量随偏心率与错位率的增加而增大;密封间隙流体周向压力呈正弦规律分布;与传统圆形密封相比,负错位密封形成发散的楔形间隙,降低流体动压效应,降低周向压力差,减小密封的切向力;随着偏心率的增加,密封的直接与交叉刚度以及交叉阻尼的绝对值均增大,直接阻尼降低;与传统圆形密封结构相比,该型密封可有效降低密封的交叉刚度,增加主阻尼,提高等效刚度与等效阻尼,改善了密封的稳定性.      

Rotordynamic characteristics prediction for scallop damper seals using computational fluid dynamics

Enhancing damping characteristic is one of the effective methods to solve the instability problem of the rotor system. The three-dimensional numerical analysis model of scallop damper seal was established, and the effects of inlet pressures, preswirl ratios, rotational speeds, interlaced angles and seal cavity depths on the rotordynamic characteristics of scallop damper seal were studied based on dynamic mesh method and multi-frequencies elliptic whirling model. Results show that the direct stiffness of the scallop damper seal increases with decreasing inlet pressure and increasing rotational speed and cavity depth. When the seal cavity is interlaced by a certain angle, which shows positive direct stiffness. The effective damping of the scallop damper seal increases with the increasing inlet pressure, the decreasing preswirl ratio and the rotational speed and cavity depth. There exists an optimal interlaced angle to maximize the effective damping and the system stability. The leakage of the scallop damper seal is significantly reduced with decreasing inlet pressure. The preswirl will reduce the leakage flowrate, and the rotational speed has a slight effect on the leakage performance. The leakage of the scallop damper seal decreases with increasing seal cavity depth.     

阻旋栅对密封静力与动力特性影响的数值分析与实验研究

密封动力特性对旋转机械转子系统稳定性影响较大,在密封入口端部设置阻旋栅是提高密封稳定性的有效方法。设计加工了无/有阻旋栅共5种密封结构,从数值分析与实验研究两个方面研究阻旋栅对密封静力与动力特性的影响规律。建立阻旋栅密封静力特性CFD理论模型,数值分析阻旋栅对密封泄漏量、切向速度以及周向压力分布的影响;应用不平衡同频激励法实验研究阻旋栅对密封动力特性的影响。研究结果表明:阻旋栅可降低密封的泄漏量,减小密封内流体的切向速度,进而降低密封内流体的周向压力差,且随着阻旋栅周向稠度与径向长度的增加,这种作用逐渐增大,这是阻旋栅抑制气流激振力的主要原因;预旋是密封产生交叉刚度的重要因素,密封的交叉刚度随进出口压比与转速的增加而增大;阻旋栅可有效降低密封的交叉刚度,增加密封的主阻尼,提高密封的稳定性。本文研究揭示了阻旋栅抑制密封气流激振力的机理,为设计阻旋栅密封提供理论依据。     

蜂窝密封封严特性的实验研究

实验研究了3种规格的蜂窝密封在不同转速、不同密封间隙下的封严特性，并与梳齿密封进行了比较。蜂窝密封在转子转速为6 000 r/min时的漏气量比转子静止时的漏气量减少约4.8%。半径间隙为0.12mm时，芯格尺寸为1.6mm的蜂窝密封封严效果最好，半径间隙为0.06mm时，梳齿密封的漏气量比蜂窝密封少。     

周向发散式袋型阻尼密封泄漏特性与动力特性数值研究

提出一种周向发散式袋型阻尼密封结构,建立了袋型阻尼密封多频椭圆涡动求解模型,在实验验证求解模型准确性的基础上,研究了进出口压比、偏心率对袋型阻尼密封泄漏特性与动力特性的影响,分析了两种袋型阻尼密封的转子稳定性.结果表明:两种袋型阻尼密封的泄漏量平均相差0.89％,两者泄漏特性相当.传统袋型阻尼密封在转子偏心状态时各腔室...     

Effect of bristle pack position on the rotordynamic characteristics of brush-labyrinth seals at various operating conditions

Over the last few decades, the research on the effect of bristle pack position on the rotordynamic characteristics of the brush-labyrinth seals is not sufficient. To this end, two kinds of brush-labyrinth seals for the bristle pack element installed upstream of the labyrinth teeth named BSU and installed downstream of the labyrinth teeth called BSD were used to investigate the effect of bristle pack position on the rotordynamic characteristics of the brush-labyrinth seals. Using the numerical model combining the porous medium model and the whirling rotor method, the rotordynamic characteristics of the BSU and BSD at various operating conditions including four kinds of pressure ratios, five kinds of inlet preswirl speeds and four kinds of rotor spinning speeds were conducted. The obtained results show that the effects of operating conditions on rotordynamic coefficients for the different seal configurations are different. The direct stiffness, cross-coupled stiffness and direct damping of the BSU are lower than those of the BSD. The rotordynamic coefficients of the BSU are more insensitive to the operating conditions variation. From the perspective of the seal stability, the BSU is a better brush-labyrinth seal configuration at high pressure ratio, high positive preswirl or high rotor spinning speed conditions. While in the case of low pressure ratio, low positive preswirl or low rotor spinning speed conditions, the BSD is a better choice.     

涡轮机械转子/密封稳定性研究综述

介绍了流体密封对转子稳定性的影响。阐述了基于体积流模型和流场计算的稳定性分析方法，及利用密封结构设计对转子动态特性进行主动控制的方法，指出了转子／密封稳定性研究的发展趋势：一是发展适应性强的流体流动和转子动力特性分析的数值计算技术，在转子设计阶段进行流体诱导稳定性分析；二是利用密封刚度阻尼特性。改善转子动态特性。     

A transient bulk flow model with circular whirl motion for rotordynamic coefficients of annular seals

Bulk flow model with perturbation simplification has been used to calculate rotordynamic coefficients in annular seals which have significant influences on the dynamic behavior of rotors in turbomachinery. In this work, a transient bulk flow model with arbitrary rotor motion is developed, and the boundary conditions and friction factor in the model are calibrated with steady Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. The numerical solution scheme is developed based on the finite element method to obtain the transient reaction force in the seal clearance. With a periodic circular rotor orbit, the transient forces at multiple whirling frequencies are used to evaluate the rotordynamic coefficients. The leakage flowrate of CFD analysis has good agreement with experimental results and the calibrated parameters in bulk flow model are dependent on operating conditions. Although CFD calibration improves the accuracy of the perturbed bulk flow model, the direct damping is overestimated and the cross-coupled damping is underestimated. Compared with the perturbed model, the predictions of the transient bulk flow model are more agreeable with the experiment.     

动叶顶部蜂窝面迷宫密封对涡轮级气动性能的影响

采用计算流体动力学软件数值研究了某1.5级轴流涡轮转子叶尖蜂窝面迷宫密封泄漏流动对主流流场的影响,分析了不同的顶部间隙下叶尖密封泄漏流对主流流场的影响以及泄漏流与主流的掺混对下游静叶流场的影响,并对带与不带蜂窝面的迷宫密封对涡轮级气动性能的影响进行了比较.研究结果表明:泄漏流与主流在动叶下游掺混后导致掺混区域流体速度发生偏转,以负攻角进入下游静叶,带来攻角损失.泄漏流体带有较高的径向速度,在静叶栅通道中会向中间叶展处发展,使得静叶栅上半通道的流场结构发生改变,带来额外的二次流损失.并且随着叶顶间隙的增大,损失也随之增大.蜂窝的特殊六边形结构极大地降低了密封腔中流体的周向速度,减小了泄漏流重新进入主流时与主流的速度差异,从而减小了掺混损失.并且蜂窝结构能改变迷宫腔内气体的流动形态,采用蜂窝面的迷宫密封能有效地降低泄漏.      

预旋对阻旋栅密封泄漏特性与动力特性影响机理

应用非定常动网格技术,建立了阻旋栅密封多频椭圆涡动泄漏特性与动力特性求解模型,研究了周向含20、40个阻旋栅和40个加长型阻旋栅密封在不同预旋比下的泄漏特性与动力特性,并在实验验证数值模型准确性基础上,分析了预旋对密封进口流场,密封腔室旋流强度,周向压差及气流激振力影响,揭示了预旋对阻旋栅密封泄漏特性与动力特性影响机理...     

涡轮泵转子稳定性计算

随着涡轮泵压力和转速的提高,流体密封和叶轮偏心间隙激励成为影响转子稳定性的主要因素。利用Ｃｈｉｌｄｓ Ｄ Ｗ等提出的动力系数计算方法,计算了环形密封引起的附加刚度和阻尼,采用整体传递矩阵法,对考虑流体密封和Ａｌｆｏｒｄ力引起的涡轮泵转子系统的稳定性进行了计算。结果表明,增加支承阻尼和进口反涡动,可以提高转子稳定性。     

耦合热、动载荷的超超临界汽轮机迷宫密封动力特性

密封汽流激振严重影响超超临界汽轮机的安全运行,采用DEFINE_CG_MOTION和DEFINE_PROFILE控制宏建立转子的涡动方程,通过Workbench流固耦合方法计算热、动载荷下密封齿形变,根据快速傅里叶变化得到机组运行时的密封动力特性,并对转子稳定性进行分析。结果表明:蒸汽可导致密封齿膨胀变形,温度对密封齿长度变化影响可达1%~1.5%,压力和离心作用对其影响较小。热、动载荷使迷宫密封直接刚度减小,直接阻尼先增加后减小,交叉刚度先减小后增加,动力系数的最大变化为原来的2倍。35~55 Hz内转子稳定裕度急剧下降,转子对密封汽流激振更敏感。热、动载荷引起的压力波动集中在低频范围,密封周向压力波动可增高18.5 kPa。密封高压区的压力波幅剧增是汽流激振显著的主要原因。      

Effects of swirl brake axial arrangement on the leakage performance and rotor stability of labyrinth seals

Swirl brakes are usually introduced at the seal entrance in industry to improve the seal stability, especially for labyrinth seals suffering low seal clearance and high inlet preswirl ratio. However, how to arrange swirl brakes at the seal entrance to obtain better seal stability retains unknown, such as the axial distance between the brake trailing edge and the first tooth. To this end, the effects of the distance between brakes and the first tooth on the leakage flow rate and seal rotordynamic coefficients were numerically investigated at typical inlet preswirl ratios of 0.45 and 0.8, and the predicted results were in comparison with the results for no-brake configuration. The obtained results disclose that the brake configuration arranged against the first tooth produces lower circumferential velocity in the downstream of the brakes as a result of the larger counter-clockwise vortex moving from the brake trailing edge to the brake leading edge when compared to the brake configuration away from the first tooth. Besides, the dropped circumferential velocity in the downstream of brakes will cause larger pressure fluctuation in the circumferential direction and thus generates larger tangential force to restrain the rotor forward whirl. On the other hand, the effective damping is further increased when the distance between brakes and the first tooth decreases to zero, that is, the crossover frequency is even disappeared at the inlet preswirl ratio of 0.45 and successfully drops from 69.9 Hz to 32.7 Hz at the preswirl ratio of 0.8.     

Dynamic performance of a C/C composite finger seal in a tilting mode

The complex operating state of aeroengines has an impact on the performance of finger seals.However,little work has been focused on the issue and the dynamic performance of finger seals is also rarely studied.Therefore,a distributed mass equivalent model considering working conditions is proposed in this paper for solving the existing problems.The effects of the fiber bundle density and the preparation direction of the fiber bundle of a C/C composite on the dynamic performance of a finger seal are investigated in rotor tilt based on the proposed model.The difference between the C/C composite finger seal performances under the rotor precession and nutation tilt cases is also investigated.The results show that the fiber bundle density and the preparation direction of the fiber bundle have an influence on the dynamic performance of the finger seal as rotor tilt is considered,and the dynamic performance of the finger seal is different in the two kinds of tilting modes.In addition,a novel method for design of finger seals is presented based on the contact pressure between finger boots and the rotor.Finger seals with good leakage rates and low wear can be acquired in this method.     

刷式密封泄漏和传热特性影响因素的数值研究

刷式密封作为接触式密封,刷丝与转子之间的摩擦热直接影响到密封封严性能和使用寿命,为向高性能刷式密封的设计提供参考,采用数值求解基于Non-Darcian多孔介质模型的ReynoldsAveraged Navier-Stokes(RANS)和局部非热平衡能量方程并结合有限元方法,建立了考虑刷丝束与转子摩擦热效应的刷式密封泄漏和传热特性分析的数学模型。研究了运行工况转速与压比和后夹板围栏高度对刷式密封泄漏和传热特性的影响规律。结果表明:不考虑刷丝束与转子的摩擦热效应时,刷式密封的泄漏量随转速升高略微降低;考虑摩擦热时,泄漏量因转速升高而显著降低,转速为8kr/min时泄漏量降低到0转速时的69%。刷丝最高温度随转速、压比和围栏高度增大而升高,刷丝束内部温度沿径向降低速率随压比和围栏高度增大而加快。高转速工况下转子产生离心伸长使其与刷丝之间的干涉量增大而影响摩擦热效应。     

蜂窝密封泄漏特性理论与实验

蜂窝密封的泄漏特性直接影响航空发动机的工作效率。本文采用理论分析与实验研究相结合的方法系统研究蜂窝密封的泄漏特性。建立了蜂窝密封流场特性CFD求解模型,数值分析了转速、进出口压比、蜂窝孔对边距、蜂窝孔深、蜂窝壁厚等因素对密封泄漏量的影响,揭示了蜂窝密封的封严机理。设计搭建了蜂窝密封泄漏特性实验台,实验研究了进出口压比、转速等因素对蜂窝密封泄漏特性的影响。数值分析与实验测试相互验证,在此基础上,考虑蜂窝密封泄漏特性影响因素,结合传统经典迷宫密封泄漏量Egli公式,构造了蜂窝密封泄漏量计算公式。研究结果表明,蜂窝密封的孔深、对边距和壁厚是通过影响蜂窝孔中涡系的发展和蜂窝孔的密度来影响泄漏量的。涡系发展的越充分,蜂窝孔的密度越大,蜂窝密封的泄漏量就越小;转速对蜂窝密封泄漏量影响较小;蜂窝密封的泄漏量随进出口压比的增加而增大,两者近似呈线性关系;随着蜂窝孔深度增加,蜂窝密封泄漏量先逐渐减小后逐渐趋于平稳;随着蜂窝孔对边距增加,密封泄漏量先减小,后出现了小幅度的增加;随着蜂窝壁厚的增加,蜂窝密封泄漏量先近似线性增大后缓慢增大。本文研究为蜂窝密封结构设计提供理论依据。     

带浮升力垫片的指式封严泄漏特性数值分析

对带浮升力垫片的指式封严的泄漏特性和浮升力进行了数值模拟,计算中将封严片组处理为多孔介质,将浮升力垫片与转子跑道之间的间隙固定于某一数值,暂没考虑流动和固体变形的耦合过程。结果表明：封严间隙是影响泄漏的首要因素;增加高压封严片层数对泄漏量有一定影响;单纯的转子线速度变化对泄漏量几乎无影响;封严间隙一定时,压差越大,浮升力垫片所受浮升力越大;压差一定时,封严间隙越小,浮升力垫片所受浮升力越大;浮升力垫片所受浮升力随转子线速度的增大而减小。     

Effects of tooth bending damage on the leakage performance and rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth seals

Tooth bending damage resulting from an intense impact by the rotor sometimes occurs in the transient operation. To investigate the influence of after-damage clearance and tooth bending length on the leakage performance and rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth seals, three tooth bending damages were taken into consideration, including the unbent tooth damage (abbreviated as Unbent), the partial tooth bending damage (abbreviated as Pbent) and the complete tooth bending damage (abbreviated as Cbent). The transient CFD solution was utilized to calculate the leakage flow rates and rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth seals with clearances of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 mm for three tooth bending damages. The obtained result shows that the Unbent tooth damage leaks least while the Pbent tooth bending damage leaks most, and an increase of 6.1% for Cbent tooth bending damage and an increase of 19.4% for Pbent tooth bending damage are discovered at the tooth clearance of 0.6 mm in comparison with the Unbent tooth damage. Compared to the Unbent tooth damage, the effective damping for Pbent tooth bending damage and Cbent tooth bending damage is lower and drops by 9.7%–33.6% and 8.5%–22.6% respectively at the tooth clearance of 0.6 mm, suggesting that Pbent tooth bending damage or Cbent tooth bending damage tends to weaken the seal stability when compared to the Unbent tooth damage.