Heat transfer characteristics in a narrow confined channel with discrete impingement cooling

Heat transfer characteristics in a narrow confined channel with discrete impingement cooling were investigated using thermal infrared camera. Detailed heat transfer distributions and comparisons on three surfaces with three impact diameters were experimentally studied in the range of Reynolds number of 3000 to 30000. The experimental results indicated that the strong impingement jet leaded to a high strength heat transfer zone in the ΔX=±2.5D_j range of the impact center,which was 1.3–...     

附加分叉射流喷注对气膜孔冷却特性的影响

利用三维数值计算研究具有附加分叉射流喷注的单排气膜孔冷却结构的强化冷却特性,考察了三种形式的分叉孔结构和四个吹风比的影响。研究结果表明,主气膜孔附近射流喷注孔的存在能够诱导一对反涡,削弱缘于主气膜孔下游气膜出流和主流相互作用的肾形涡对,有利于提高气膜冷却效率,同时也增强了对流换热;当分叉射流喷注孔出口与主气膜孔在同一流向位置时,可以获得较高的气膜冷却效率和相对较低的对流换热系数增强比。     

压电风扇激励非定常流动和换热特性数值研究

 利用动网格技术对压电谐振风扇产生的非定常流场进行了数值模拟,以期进一步揭示压电风扇的流场特征和换热特性。研究表明:压电风扇上下两个区域均出现涡流,涡向相反(压电风扇上方为逆时针,下方为顺时针),涡对的尺度、位置和扰动范围随时间呈周期性变化规律;时均速度并非随着与压电风扇自由端距离的增大呈现单调衰减的趋势,而是在距离压电风扇自由端距离为一倍振幅的截面上出现峰值速度最大的速度分布型,该位置正是涡环达到最大型面的瞬间涡核所处位置。涡串发展、运动过程中与周围流体发生干涉融合形成的射流起到了强化换热的效果,换热效果最好的地方不是出现在平衡位置,而是涡对破碎、流体紊流度最强的地方。     

Parametric analyses for synthetic jet control on separation and stall over rotor airfoil

Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effects of synthetic jet control on separation and stall over rotor airfoils. The preconditioned and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations coupled with a k x shear stream transport turbulence model are employed to accomplish the flowfield simulation of rotor airfoils under jet control. Additionally,a velocity boundary condition modeled by a sinusoidal function is developed to fulfill the perturbation effect of periodic jets. The validity of the present CFD procedure is evaluated by the simulated results of an isolated synthetic jet and the jet control case for airfoil NACA0015. Then, parametric analyses are conducted specifically for an OA213 rotor airfoil to investigate the effects of jet parameters(forcing frequency, jet location and momentum coefficient, jet direction, and distribution of jet arrays) on the control effect of the aerodynamic characteristics of a rotor airfoil. Preliminary results indicate that the efficiency of jet control can be improved with specific frequencies(the best lift-drag ratio at F+= 2.0) and jet angles(40 or 75) when the jets are located near the separation point of the rotor airfoil. Furthermore, as a result of a suitable combination of jet arrays, the lift coefficient of the airfoil can be improved by nearly 100%, and the corresponding drag coefficient decreased by26.5% in comparison with the single point control case.     

出流结构对涡轮叶栅端壁气膜冷却效率数值研究

通过对涡轮叶栅端壁上游不同气膜冷却结构模型进行数值模拟,得到了不同吹风比情况下,涡轮叶栅端壁的流动与换热特性.结果表明:圆柱形孔冷气射流在孔下游与主流相互作用形成一对转动方向相反的耦合涡,对涡轮叶栅端壁的气膜冷却效果不利.前向扩张孔降低了孔下游耦合涡的强度,对涡轮叶栅端壁总体气膜冷却效率要优于圆柱形孔.前向扩张缝结构增大了射流宽度,冷却了孔间端壁,对涡轮叶栅端壁总体气膜冷却效率要优于圆柱形孔和前向扩张孔.      

出流结构对涡轮导叶端壁气膜冷却数值研究

通过对涡轮叶栅端壁上游不同气膜冷却结构模型进行数值模拟,得到了不同吹风比情况下,涡轮叶栅端壁的流动与换热特性。结果表明：圆柱型孔冷气射流在孔下游与主流相互作用形成一对转动方向相反的耦合涡,对涡轮叶栅端壁的气膜冷却效果不利。前向扩张孔降低了孔下游耦合涡的强度,对涡轮叶栅端壁总体气膜冷却效率要优于圆柱型孔。前向扩张缝结构增大了射流宽度,冷却了孔间端壁,对涡轮叶栅端壁总体气膜冷却效率要优于圆柱型孔和前向扩张孔。     

超声速对流推力矢量喷管的数值模拟

利用二次流对流剪切激励主射流方式来产生射流对流推力矢量方法是一种效率很高的矢量化喷流新方法,又称为对流推力矢量法。本文运用三阶精度MUSCL TVD有限体积格式求解二维非定常、可压缩、雷诺平均N-S方程和Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型,计算了对流推力矢量喷管的超声速射流问题,获得几种不同二次流吸气压强下对狭缝和喷管肩部壁面压强分布、剪切层诱导旋涡的结构特征和主射流矢量角等结果,计算结果与实验数据对比取得良好的一致性,并对计算结果进行了详细分析和讨论。     

Experimental investigation and correlation development of jet impingement heat transfer with two rows of aligned jet holes on an internal surface of a wing leading edge

Extensive experimental studies on the heat transfer characteristics of two rows of aligned jet holes impinging on a concave surface in a wing leading edge were conducted, where50000 Rej 90000, 1.74 H/d 27.5, 66° a 90°, and 13.2 r/d 42.03. The finding was that the heat transfer performance at the jet-impingement stagnation point with two rows of aligned jet holes was the same as that with a single row of jet holes or the middle row of three-row configurations when the circumferential angle of the two jet holes was larger than 30°. The attenuation coefficient distribution of the jet impingement heat transfer in the chordwise direction was so complicated that two zones were divided for a better analysis. It indicated that: the attenuation coefficient curve in the jet impingement zone exhibited an approximate upside-down bell shape with double peaks and a single valley; the attenuation coefficient curve in the non-jet impingement zone was like a half-bell shape, which was similar to that with three rows of aligned jet holes; the factors,including Rej, H/d and r/d, affected the attenuation coefficient value at the valley significantly.When r/d was increased from 30.75 to 42.03, the attenuation rates of attenuation coefficient increased only by 1.8%. Consequently, experimental data-based correlation equations of the Nusselt number for the heat transfer at the jet-impingement stagnation point and the distributionof the attenuation coefficient in the chordwise direction were acquired, which play an important role in designing the wing leading edge anti-icing system with two rows of aligned jet holes.     

Dynamic stall suppression on an oscillating airfoil by steady and unsteady tangential blowing

The use of steady and unsteady tangential blowing to suppress the dynamic stall on an oscillating airfoil was studied by numerically solving the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations. Pitching oscillations with amplitude of 10° about a mean angle of attack of 15° and with reduced frequencies of 0.15 and 0.25 were examined. The blowing location is near the airfoil leading edge, and for unsteady blowing, the jet strength was varied periodically at the same frequency as that of airfoil oscillation with some phase difference. In case of steady blowing, with a C_μ of 0.07, the large pitching moment, massive drop in C_L and increase in C_D due to dynamic stall were eliminated. The unsteady blowing was found more effective than the steady blowing.     

冠齿喷管射流冲击半圆形靶面的对流换热

针对具有相同相对曲率（d/D=0.1）的凹形和凸形半圆柱靶面,在典型的雷诺数（Re=5 000~12 000）和无因次冲击距离（H/d=1~8）下进行了射流冲击对流换热的实验研究,同时在特定的射流雷诺数下进行了射流冲击大涡模拟分析,以揭示冠齿喷管在不同形状靶面上的强化传热作用机制。研究结果表明：射流喷管和靶面形状对于射流驻点附近的流场和对流换热具有显著的影响,冠齿喷管出口诱导的流向涡改变了圆形射流发展中的轴对称环形涡内在特征,无论是凹形还是凸形靶面,冠齿喷管相对于圆形喷管都体现出一定的强化射流传热效果;与凸形靶面相比,射流冲击凹形靶面受到凹腔内部的回流影响,导致冠齿喷管射流冲击对流换热的降低。     

二维弹性扑翼沉浮运动流动特性的数值研究

采用非定常势流板块法和Euler-Bernoul1i梁振动微分方程,对后缘带弹性薄板的翼型在作沉浮运动时翼型绕流和薄板弹性振动之间的流-固耦合过程进行数值模拟,并计算流动特性、非定常气动载荷,尤其是沉浮运动的推力效应.用有限差分法求解薄板的弹性变形运动,气动弹性分析采用弱耦合迭代方式.通过对翼型非定常气动力(升力和推力)、推进效率、尾迹脱落涡计算结果的分析发现,通过调整弹性薄板的刚度,可以使得翼型产生最佳的非定常推力.     

外涵偏轴分开排气喷管的流场和声场数值计算

以某型涡扇发动机为原型,建立了1/10缩比的分开排气式涡扇发动机排气喷管物理模型,采用大涡模拟(LES)计算了不同外涵偏轴距离的排气喷管非稳态流场,利用FW-H(Ffows Williams-Hawkings)声学模型和傅里叶变换得到了排气喷流噪声声压级空间分布特征.计算结果表明:外涵偏轴式分开排气喷管有抑制排气喷流噪声的作用.喷流噪声整体抑制效果与偏轴距离有关,在偏轴距离为0.15D时,排气喷管下方的噪声降低达到最大,且排气噪声峰值由原型的146.7dB降低到139.5dB,降低了7.2dB.研究的排气结构和数值计算方法可作为分开排气式涡扇发动机降噪设计的参考.      

基于瞬态液晶全表面测量技术的圆柱形孔气膜冷却特性研究

采用瞬态液晶测量技术测量了圆柱形孔的冷却特性分布,研究了动量比的影响.结果表明:大动量比下,射流脱离壁面后重新贴回壁面,冷却效率沿流向率逐渐升高,且下游孔间区域的冷却效率较高;小动量比的冷却效率分布规律与此相反.动量比越大,换热增强效果越显著;在上游区域,大动量比射流诱导出的回流涡形成了一个局部强换热区;在下游区域,各个动量比的传热系数比分布比较相似,两孔中间区域的换热强于孔中心线附近区域.      

收缩-扩张形气膜孔提高气膜冷却效率的机理研究

为了揭示收缩-扩张形孔提高气膜冷却效率的机理,选择了两种典型的气膜孔:圆柱形孔和扇形孔,进行了数值模拟对比研究.湍流模型选取Realizable k-ε模型,壁面函数采用增强壁面函数.结果表明:圆柱形孔射流法向动量很大很集中,生成了较强的耦合涡,冷却效率最低;扇形孔减弱了射流的法向动量,并产生了一定的展向速度,冷却效率得以提高;收缩-扩张形孔减小了射流的流向厚度,增大了射流的展向宽度,且产生了更大的展向速度,扩大了射流的覆盖区域,形成了与圆形孔及扇形孔射流相比作用相反的耦合涡,使气膜更好地贴附于壁面,气膜冷却效率高于其它两种孔形的效率;相对于圆柱形孔和扇形孔,收缩-扩张形孔的平均气膜冷却效率,在吹风比为0.5时,分别提高了约110%和15%,在吹风比为2时,分别提高了约560%和60%.      

钝缘舵高超音速湍流分离特性

给出由半圆柱前缘舵诱导的高超音速湍流分离的实验结果。实验气流Ｍａｃｈ数为７．８,单位长度Ｒｅ数为３．５×１０７ｍ－１。结果表明：钝缘舵诱导的湍流分离极不稳定,分离激波出现大尺度低频振荡,使壁面压力和热流率无量纲标准偏差在主分离线附近达最大值。Ｍａｃｈ数愈高,最大无量纲标准偏差值越大。在前缘区前缘直径是控制分离流场尺度和平均壁面压力、热流率分布的主要参数     

自由液体射流冲击高速旋转圆盘的耦合换热

为了研究自由液体射流冲击均匀加热高速旋转圆盘的耦合换热特性，采用数值模拟方法对比分析了固体和流体材料参数对流动及换热的影响。结果表明：不同固体材料参数对应的努塞尔数分布规律相似，同一半径位置处的努塞尔数最大相对偏差不大于10%。与径向温度分布相比，轴向温度差受固体材料导热系数变化的影响更大，铜和泡沫砖的径向最大温差仅相差3倍，而与导热系数近似呈反比的最大轴向温差相差达3 471倍。圆盘表面液膜平均径向流速和换热性能随流体黏度的增加而下降。黏度较小的氨和水对应的二次峰值换热强度较一次峰值的增加量超过了15%，黏度较高油类的二次峰值换热强度仅为一次峰值的50%～60%。射流介质采用黏度较小的水和氨时，盘面温度几乎保持不变，最大温差比小于7.86×10^-4；黏度较大的油类作为射流介质时在驻点附近的温度变化剧烈，当R/d超过2.5后，温度分布仅有小幅的波动。     

微尘沉积形貌对冲击气膜冷却结构换热特性影响的数值研究

带有微尘的空气进入航空发动机,极易在涡轮叶片内冷通道发生沉积。为探究微尘沉积形貌对涡轮叶片内冷通道换热特性的影响,选取冲击气膜冷却结构,基于微尘沉积实验结果,构造微尘沉积形貌,由锥状突起和环状突起组成,通过数值模拟获得不同射流雷诺数下冲击靶面努塞尔数Nu。研究结果表明,冲击靶面微尘沉积层的出现,将大幅降低浸润面积平均努塞尔数Nuwetted,而对映射面积平均努塞尔数Nuavg影响较小;冲击驻点周围的高换热区范围减少;相邻冲击孔中点附近的高换热区努塞尔数Nu增大;此外,射流雷诺数的增大整体上提高了冲击靶面的换热强度。由于锥状突起和环状突起的扰动作用, 壁面附近回流涡增多, 使得冲击靶面大部分区域温度边界层厚度增加,因此换热性能降低。     

燃烧室主燃孔下游气膜绝热温比研究

对单个主燃孔射流下游的缝槽气膜绝热温比进行的实验研究中，采用了CO2传热传质类比方法测量气膜的绝热温比，考虑了三种气膜吹风比和两种主燃孔射流动量比，研究结果表明：主燃孔射的引入破坏了气膜的完整性，相对于正常气膜的绝热温比值，主燃孔射流正下游区域的气膜绝热温比大幅度下降，在横向偏离主燃孔射流较远的下游区域，气膜绝热温比有一定程度的下降；气膜吹风比对气膜绝热温比的下降有较大影响，而主燃孔射流对气膜绝热温比下降影响小。     

微阵列射流冲击肋化表面传热特性

以去离子水为工质,对微阵列射流冲击光滑和肋化表面的传热特性进行了实验研究,并以光滑表面传热性能为基准,讨论了肋化表面强化因子(ε)变化规律.实验结果表明:①浸没和自由射流的传热系数均受无量纲射流距离(H/d)影响;提高射流Re数和减小无量纲孔间距(S/d)都能够增强换热.②浸没射流ε受H/d影响大,而自由射流ε基本不受H/d影响;两种射流方式的ε都随Re数增大,且渐趋于一个常数.③对流热阻在各种射流情况下均随流量不断下降,但下降趋势逐渐平缓,当流量大到一定时,热阻基本不再降低.      

零质量自耦合射流控制喷流矢量实验

以压电陶瓷振为激振源的自耦合射流激发器,在发射孔产生一系列平均质量流率为零的涡环,对垂直布置的主流产生复杂的相互作用,使主流实现矢量偏转。研究了自耦合射流激发器自身机理和自耦合射流使主流实现矢量偏转的实验,在实验条件下,自耦合射流使20m s流速的主流产生了最大17°的矢量偏转。