适用于概念设计的再入飞行器外形优化设计方法

面向再入飞行器概念设计,提出了一种实现外形多目标优化的综合设计方法.基于类型函数/形状函数变换技术建立参数化几何模型,实现了以少量设计变量描述较大范围的设计空间;引入考虑真实气体效应的工程方法估算气动特性,应用非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)实现考虑升阻比和容积利用率最大化以及热流量最小化的多目标优化设计;通过减法聚...     

基于知识特征的飞行器结构有限元参数化建模技术研究

讲述了一种基于知识工程原理的飞行器结构有限元参数化建模技术,该方法基于飞行器导入几何和知识特征表,解决了传统有限元建模技术的信息间断问题。通过脚本语言开发实现了全飞行器结构有限元模型的自动建立及分析过程,显著提高了有限元建模和调参分析的效率。该方法符合工程单位的硬件环境和设计习惯,适用于飞行器结构设计的各个阶段,利于在航空航天部门应用推广。     

有翼再入飞行器气动外形集成设计优化

气动外形设计是有翼再入飞行器（RV-W）的关键技术之一。分析了气动参数对再入飞行性能的影响,探讨了有翼再入飞行器气动外形设计的规律和准则。基于上述设计准则,以类X-37B飞行器为研究对象,集成几何参数化建模、气动力、气动热、热防护等学科快速分析方法,采用多学科设计优化方法,以最优气动特性为目标对飞行器气动外形进行了优化;得到优化气动外形后,对飞行器热防护系统（TPS）进行了轻量化设计优化。结果表明,优化外形的气动特性相比初始外形得到了较大的提升,设计优化得到的热防护系统重量占比（8.7%）优于同类飞行器的热防护系统重量占比统计数据,说明了本文有翼再入飞行器气动外形集成设计优化方法的有效性,可为同类飞行器提供参考。     

考虑结构重量的机翼平面形状优化方法

采用工程梁理论对机翼结构进行估算,并结合气动力估算公式、飞行性能估算公式,构建了机翼平面形状优化系统。相比使用经验关系式估算重量的传统方法,考虑了短舱、起落架、燃油、自重载荷的影响,相对精确度较高。针对某宽体客机布局,展开考虑气动/结构重量的平面形状优化设计。采用若干几何特征对机翼平面形状进行参数化,通过气动力与结构重量耦合求解的方法,将气动特性与结构重量转化为飞机起飞总重这个设计目标,并使用遗传算法进行寻优。算例结果较原始构型起飞总重减少约174 kg,表明方法对飞机概念设计阶段快速确定机翼平面形状有一定的参考价值。     

一种临近空间高升阻比滑翔飞行器概念设计

以常规临近空间滑翔飞行器为背景,完成了一种新的临近空间高升阻比滑翔飞行器的气动布局概念设计.首先简要介绍了飞行器的布局形式和操纵舵面配置方式,初步确定了飞行器的基本总体参数;再利用气动力快速计算方法完成了飞行器气动力的计算;在此基础上,详细分析了其纵向和横侧向稳定性与操纵特性;最后,完成了飞行器3 000 km常规射程的滑翔弹道设计和仿真.仿真结果表明,所设计的临近空间高升阻比滑翔飞行器满足热流、动压等多种约束要求,具有一定的工程应用价值.     

高超声速飞行器控制一体化设计

针对高超声速飞行器模型具有气动/推进/控制强耦合和强非线性的特点,提出了一套面向控制的一体化设计方案.在概念设计阶段,以飞行器控制性能为优化目标,对气动、推进、结构、控制等参数进行一体化综合优选来设计飞行器.考虑模型生成的保真度要求和计算效率,建立高超声速飞行器参数化的数学模型,并设计LQR(linear quadratic regulator)跟踪控制器.通过不断调整飞行器构型,比较控制相关的动静态特性和控制效果,面向控制需求选择新的飞行器构型,并进行了仿真验证.仿真结果表明:控制一体化设计方法应用于高超声速飞行器概念设计初期可以扩大飞行包线,有效增大失速裕度,减小油耗,提高操纵面效能,降低发动机壅塞制约,对高超声速飞行器的设计效率和控制性能的提高起到了指导性的作用.      

翼身融合无人机参数化建模与气动特性分析

以亚声速翼身融合无人机概念设计阶段多学科设计优化为应用背景,提出了考虑操纵面偏转的参数化建模与气动分析方法:1)采用CST方法、CATIA二次开发技术建立操纵面未偏转和偏转构型的三维几何外形;2)采用Tcl语言编制具有容错能力的Gridgen脚本,划分网格;3)采用位流分析和工程方法计算气动特性参数.通过iSIGHT软件集成上述步骤,建立了自动化的计算环境,对某无人机进行了建模和气动分析,风洞试验验证表明方法满足概念设计阶段的精度要求.     

通用大气飞行器的参数化气动布局研究

提出了一种新的升力体类通用大气飞行器布局方案.应用基于二次曲线的模线设计方法,通过二次曲线的控制点和形状参数实现参数化外形建模,构造适用于通用大气飞行器的升力体布局方案,提高飞行器气动布局方案的设计效率,为进一步的气动特性计算和布局方案设计优化奠定基础.采用修正的内伏牛顿流理论,对通用大气飞行器进行高超声速气动特性计算,并进行了质心设计,获得的高超声速稳定配平升阻比达到3.5以上.进行了控制舵面设计和控制效率的计算分析.     

类X-37运载器气动布局概念设计

利用二次曲线方法与基于类型函数和形状函数的CST方法,提出一种类X-37高超声速飞行器气动外形,进行机体的气动力分析和控制舵的匹配设计,研究飞行器的气动特性和操纵效率问题。研究表明,该方案可以获得较高的配平攻角,有较高的容积利用率和机动控制效率,可以作为未来航天飞行器的潜在可行方案。     

舵面结构参数化建模方法及气动弹性应用

以典型舵面为对象研究适用于飞行器部件的结构参数化建模方法及应用。首先,提出一种基于有限元方法,及映射变换法则的,由二维网格参数化剖分向三维外形展开的,参数化描述思路,通过Matlab编程实现其流程算法;然后,将舵面参数化建模,与结构动力学及颤振分析相结合,分别将结构模型、气动网格和插值结点做参数化描述,进而实现舵面颤振分析模型的参数化;最终,将参数化建模方法,与遗传算法优化流程相结合,实现舵面外形及结构参数的优化设计。以某全动尾翼模型为例,应用文中方法极大提高了结构建模效率;与遗传算法相结合,在满足约束条件的前提下,实现了该舵面初始方案47%的结构减重效果。研究成果可为概念设计阶段的舵面设计提供指导。     

机翼-机身-短舱-挂架外形气动优化设计方法

采用基于径向基函数的无限插值方法进行了复杂外形的动网格生成,并针对其存在的可能导致壁面附近出现负体积与网格质量下降的问题,提出对不与物面直接相连的边的位移采用径向基函数插值,对与物面相连的边的位移进行线性插值获得位移量的方法解决该问题.采用无限插值方法建立了一种简单有效的物面相贯线处理方法.利用离散共轭方法计算目标函数梯度,对DLR-F6 机翼-机身-短舱-挂架外形的机翼和短舱进行了几何外形参数化与气动外形优化设计.结果表明:考虑短舱安装方式的优化设计较不考虑短舱安装方式的优化设计可降低大约0.0001的阻力系数.通过全机优化设计,将全机阻力系数降低了0.00153.      

Effect of Variable Selection on Multidisciplinary Design Optimization： a Flight Vehicle Example

Different multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) problems are formulated and compared. Two MDO formulations are applied to a sounding rocket in order to optimize the performance of the rocket. In the MDO of the referred vehicle, three disciplines have been considered,which are trajectory, propulsion and aerodynamics. A special design structure matrix is developed to assist data exchange between disciplines. This design process uses response surface method (RSM) for multidisciplinary optimization of the rocket. The RSM is applied to the design in two categories: the propulsion model and the system level. In the propulsion model, RSM deter-mines an approximate mathematical model of the engine output parameters as a function of design variables. In the system level, RSM fits a surface of objective function versus design variables. In the first MDO problem formulation, two design variables are selected to form propulsion discipline. In the second one, three new design variables from geometry are added and finally, an optimization method is applied to the response surface in the system level in order to find the best result. Application of the first developed multidisciplinary design optimization procedure increased accessible altitude (performance index) of the referred sounding rocket by twenty five percents and the second one twenty nine.     

多学科设计优化在非常规布局飞机总体设计中的应用

以飞翼布局飞机总体设计为例,展示如何将多学科设计优化(MDO)方法有效地应用于非常规布局飞机总体设计.基于二级优化方法,提出一种飞机总体MDO实施流程.该流程包括系统级优化、子系统级优化(或评估)和多学科模型生成器3个部分.系统级优化的任务是优化全局设计变量,使系统目标最优.子系统级优化涉及的学科包括气动、隐身、结构、...     

Aerodynamic/Stealthy/Structural Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle

An optimization strategy is proposed to deal with the aerodynamic/stealthy/structural multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) issue of unmanned combat air vehicle (UCAV). In applying the strategy, the MDO process is divided into two levels, i.e. system level optimization and subsystem level optimization. The system level optimization is to achieve optimized system objective (or multi-objective) through the adjustment of global external configuration design variables. The subsystem level optimization consists of the aerodynamic/stealthy integrated design and the structural optimization. The aerodynamic/stealthy integrated design aims at achieving the minimum aerodynamic drag coefficient under the constraint of stealthy requirement through the adjustment of local external configuration design variables. The structural optimization is to minimize the structural weight by adjusting the dimensions of structural components. A flowchart to implement this strategy is presented. The MDO for a flying-wing configuration of UCAV is employed to illustrate the detailed process of the optimization. The results indicate that the overall process of the surrogate-based two-level optimization strategy can be implemented automatically, and quite reasonable results are obtained.     

带子星航天器总体参数多学科设计优化

针对带子星航天器总体参数多学科设计优化(MDO)问题,进行系统任务分析和学科耦合关系分析.考虑有效载荷、轨道和结构等学科设计变量和约束条件,以航天器有效接近区和整星质量的综合指标为目标,建立MDO模型和相应分析模犁.利用iSIGHT软件搭建求解平台,采用基于罚函数的协同优化(CO)算法对所建立的MDO模型进行仿真计算,...     

An optimization method for metamorphic mechanisms based on multidisciplinary design optimization

The optimization of metamorphic mechanisms is different from that of the conventional mechanisms for its characteristics of multi-configuration. There exist complex coupled design variables and constraints in its multiple different configuration optimization models. To achieve the compatible optimized results of these coupled design variables, an optimization method for metamorphic mechanisms is developed in the paper based on the principle of multidisciplinary design optimization（MDO）. Firstly, the optimization characteristics of the metamorphic mechanism are summarized distinctly by proposing the classification of design variables and constraints as well as coupling interactions among its different configuration optimization models. Further, collaborative optimization technique which is used in MDO is adopted for achieving the overall optimization performance. The whole optimization process is then proposed by constructing a two-level hierarchical scheme with global optimizer and configuration optimizer loops. The method is demonstrated by optimizing a planar five-bar metamorphic mechanism which has two configurations,and results show that it can achieve coordinated optimization results for the same parameters in different configuration optimization models.     

Aerodynamic configuration integration design of hypersonic cruise aircraft with inward-turning inlets

In this work,a novel airframe/propulsion integration design method of the wing-body configuration for hypersonic cruise aircraft is proposed,where the configuration is integrated with inward-turning inlets.With the help of this method,the major design concern of balancing the aerodynamic performance against the requirements for efficient propulsion can be well addressed.A novel geometric parametrically modelling method based on a combination of patched class and shape transition (CST) and COONs surface is proposed to represent the configuration,especially a complex configuration with an irregular inlet lip shape.The modelling method enlarges the design space of components on the premise of guaranteeing the configuration integrity via special constraints imposed on the interface across adjacent surfaces.A basic flow inside a cone shaped by a dual-inflection-point generatrix is optimized to generate the inward-turning inlet with improvements of both compression efficiency and flow uniformity.The performance improvement mechanism of this basic flow is the compression velocity variation induced by the variation of the generatrix slope along the flow path.At the design point,numerical simulation results show that the lift-to-drag ratio of the configuration is as high as 5.2 and the inlet works well with a high level of compression efficiency and flow uniformity.The design result also has a good performance on off-design conditions.The achievement of all the design targets turns out that the integration design method proposed in this paper is efficient and practical.     

Effects of stability margin and thrust specific fuel consumption constrains on multi-disciplinary optimization for blended-wing-body design

Blended-Wing-Body(BWB) configuration, as an innovative transport concept, has become a worldwide research focus in the field of civil transports development. Relative to the conventional Tube-And-Wing(TAW) configuration, the BWB shows integrated benefits and serves as a most promising candidate for future ‘‘green aviation". The objective of the present work is to figure out the effects of the stability margin and Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption(TSFC) on the BWB design in the framework of Multi-Disciplinary Optimization(MDO). A physically-based platform was promoted to study the effect static stability margin and engine technology level. Low-order physically based models are applied to the evaluation of the weight and the aerodynamic performance. The modules and methods are illustrated in detail, and the validation of the methods shows feasibility and confidence for the conceptual design of BWB aircrafts. In order to find out the relation between planform changes and the selection of stability and engine technology level, two sets of optimizations are conducted separately. The study proves that these two factors have dominant effects towards the optimized BWB designs in both aerodynamic shapes, weight distribution, which needs to be considered during the MDO design process. A balance diagram analysis is applied to find out a reasonable static stability margin range. It can be concluded that a recommended stability margin of a practical BWB commercial aircraft can be half of that of a conventional TAW design.     

基于非结构网格空间推进的高超声速飞行器背脊线优化

针对高超声速飞行器背脊线优化进行了研究。结合自由曲面变形(FFD)方法和Hicks-Henne型函数建立背脊线参数化模型,保证了飞行器背部曲面光滑连续。为减少计算耗时,采用非结构网格空间推进方法求解高超声速无黏流场,通过钝锥算例对该方法计算效率和精度进行了参数分析,并对飞行器流场计算进行了验证,对比表明表明:非结构网格空间推进算法计算效率提高4.5倍以上,计算结果与常规时间迭代法符合较好。采用优化拉丁超立方抽样建立响应面模型,分析了各设计变量对目标函数的影响。采用非支配排序NSGA-Ⅱ(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ)算法以阻力系数和升阻比为目标对背脊线优化,约束飞行器体积变化不超过20%。结果表明,飞行器阻力系数和升阻比呈负相关,优化后阻力系数降低7.1%,升阻比提高16.9%。      

基于分布／并行计算框架求解多学科设计优化问题

计算框架是多学科设计优化研究的重要问题之一。首先,针对一种基于代理模型的二级优化方法,提出三种不同的分布／并行策略,并对这三种策略的优缺点进行分析。然后,选择其中一种分布／并行策略,以构造代理模型的过程为例,阐述该策略的实现过程。最后,以一个飞翼布局飞行器多学科设计优化问题为算例,在iSIGHT-FD／FIPERACS平台上建立一个分布／并行的多学科设计优化计算框架。应用算例表明,建立的分布／并行计算框架可以明显缩短多学科设计优化问题的求解时间。