带有双层壁扩压器的波瓣喷管混合流场的数值计算

采用三维贴体曲线坐标网格,边界网格加密且正交,在整个计算区域进行全场计算。为避免因波瓣造成的网格强烈的非正交引起解的发散,采用了Chen和Kim修正的k-ε湍流模型及同位网格SIMPLC计算方法,对带有双层壁扩压器的波瓣喷管混合流动进行了数值计算和分析。对波瓣及双层壁,采用大粘性的方法解决流固耦合。计算结果表明:在双层壁间有外界冷气流被引射进入,形成了壁面的冷却气流;自波瓣出口截面沿流向产生的环流速度场,强化了主次流的掺混,速度分布渐趋均匀。计算结果与实验数据符合良好,二者在离开波瓣52 mm的混合管内相对主流速度的最大误差为21.65 %。     

亚音速扩压器性能计算

 一、组合法 用Bower的方法计算具有附着和分离紊流附面层的轴对称和二元亚音速扩压器的有关性能参数时,如分离区较大,则与试验数据相比误差较大。而按联合积分法（UIM法）计算具有分离区的扩压器的有关性能参数,则有较大的优点。其基本点和Bower的方法相同,即将附面层方程和无粘核心流方程联立求解。但对分离区的处理比Bower的方法较为合理,它直接采用修正的Coles壁面-尾流定律的速度分布关系式,将附面层动量积分方程中的壁面摩擦系数与速度分布关系式中的摩擦速度联系起来，而不采用对分离区不适用的壁面摩擦系数经验公式，并考虑了附面层外部区域的非平衡流情况。但该方法没有考虑气流压缩性，计算高亚音速扩压器时误差较大。     

H型叶栅通道流计算网格的改进

提出一种壁面正交、尾迹区网格节点分布逐渐均匀化叶栅通道网格生成方法。为了研究壁面处网格正交性对数值计算结果的影响，推导出壁面附近流动参数一阶导数离散误差与网格线交角的数学关系。采用N-S方程分别对平板紊流附面层流和叶栅通道流进行计算分析。结果表明：壁面处网格正交性对附面层内流动计算预测精度影响较大，而对势流区流动影响很小；尾迹区切向网格节点逐渐均匀化分布能更准确计算尾迹区流动。     

三维亚声速冲击射流流场的数值模拟

利用有限体积法对三维可压缩的N－S方程进行离散，对喷嘴的亚声速垂直冲击射流和斜冲击射流进行了数值模拟。网络的划分采用非结构性网络，湍流模型为RNGκ-ε湍流模型，在近壁处采用壁面函数进行修正，流场计算结果与实验值吻合一致。计算可得到垂直冲击流场结构的三个区域：自由射流、滞止区和壁面射流区域，并显示出垂直冲击点附近区域的卷吸回流、速度分布。冲击射流近壁处存在着回流现象，由于边界层流动和近壁回流引起距离固壁2D内的速度梯度变化较大。斜冲击在近壁处平行壁面速度的最大值，以及壁面上的总压最大值都偏离冲击点，并且相对应。     

网格对高超声速钝头体表面热流数值模拟结果的影响

高超声速钝头体热流的精确预估，对高超声速飞行器热防护的设计具有重要意义，而网格划分尺度对预估飞行器表面热流精度具有重要的影响。应用理论分析及数值模拟方法，提出了一种基于壁面网格雷诺数及基于钝体特征长度的来流雷诺数网格划分方法，并给出了壁面网格雷诺数的取值范围。应用所提出的网格划分方法，对不同来流条件的高超声速半圆柱及球头表面热流进行了数值模拟，结果表明，应用所提出的网格划分方法，及给出的可供参考的壁面网格雷诺数的取值范围划分网格，在满足高超声速钝体表面热流精度要求的同时，有利于网格合理分布并提高数值计算效率。     

折流环形燃烧室流动过程数值模拟与分析

为深入研究折流式环形燃烧室燃烧过程,在任意曲线坐标系下发展了一套可对湍流燃烧进行数值分析的数值模拟软件。通过求解偏微分方程生成数值研究所需结构化网格,使用混合差分格式对气相控制方程进行离散并基于SIMPLE算法进行求解,分别采用RNG k-ε与Wilcox k-ω模型分析不同湍流模型对计算结果的影响,近壁区域流动采用三层壁面函数法加以处理。数值模拟结果表明,引入燃烧室的新鲜空气在扩压器出口流动方向发生折返,在扩压器下侧形成了较大的回流区域,导致较大的总压损失。不同紊流模型预测结果与试验数据符合较好,其中Wilcox k-ω最为准确,更适用于折流燃烧室燃烧过程的数值分析。     

波瓣喷管引射-混合器的数值研究与验证

对基于CFD数值预测波瓣喷管引射 混合器引射流量比的计算方法进行了探讨,在计算过程中,主流进口采用速度边界条件,二次流进口采用总压压力边界条件,混合流出口采用静压压力边界条件,两者均设置为环境大气压力,与相关实验数据的对比验证表明计算结果与实验结果仅相差10%左右;同时通过改变混合管结构参数,得到了混合管结构参数对引射 混合特性的影响规律,进一步揭示了波瓣喷管有利于强化引射 混合的内在机理。在波瓣喷管出口对应于波谷区域存在一个相对低的静压区,对于引射 混合器系统存在一个最优的性能设计点,计算结果符合物理过程本质。     

关于两方程湍流模型的考虑

通过对两方程湍流模型的分析,提出了在主流区或远壁区用两方程模型,近壁区用代数湍流模型的思路,即所谓的“双层”模型概念。通过对平板湍流附面层的计算表明,这种分层计算措施获得的速度分布、壁面剪切力较单纯应用低雷诺数两方程湍流模型时的结果准确。对非均匀来流条件下90°弯管内高湍流度流场的计算表明,双层模型可获得更加准确的速度分布。从而表明本文提出的分层计算措施是有效的,可满足工程计算要求。      

单、双层壁火焰筒壁面冷却效果比较试验研究

在纯气膜壁面冷却设计的单层壁短环形燃烧室试验件基础上 ,设计了局部双层壁结构 ,构成冲击 逆向对流 气膜复合冷却 ,并进行了单层壁火焰筒与双层壁火焰筒壁面冷却效果对比试验。结果表明 :相对单层壁的纯气膜冷却 ,由双层壁形成的冲击 逆向对流 气膜复合冷却方式使气膜段最高壁温下降、沿气膜流动方向壁面温度梯度减小。     

三维贴体坐标系下燃烧室热态流场的大涡模拟

大涡模拟三维贴体坐标系下环形燃烧室火焰简热态紊流瞬态流场。利用椭圆方程方法生成三维贴体网格，计算中采用k方程亚网格尺度模型估算亚网格紊流粘性；亚网格EBU燃烧模型估算化学反应速率；热通量辐射模型估算辐射通量。并在非交错网格系下采用sIMPLE算法和混合差分格式求解离散方程，利用壁面函数处理固壁边界条件。计算结果与实验结果的比较表明，采用大涡模拟方法能更真实反映环形燃烧室火焰简内紊流化学反应流气流结构和燃烧过程。     

从科技论文的特点看科技论文的选题

本文论述了科技文的特点及选师原则。在特点方面主要就科技论文的科学性,创造性,理论性进行了阐述,在选题方面科技论文选题的客观需要与主条件进行阐述,旨在揭示科技论文的特点与课题选择之间的关系,从而了解其特点,并据此选题,写出符合要求的科技论文。     

某任务计算机调试设备配套软件的设计与实现

简介了任务计算机调试设备配套软件在任务计算机仿真环境中的重要作用 ,对该软件设计方法和流程进行了详细的说明 ,主要介绍了VC ++6 .0环境下串行通信和显示控制软件的设计技术 ,并讨论了如何提高应用程序性能的途径。     

Analysis of a redshifted plasma flow over a sunspot

The ultraviolet spectrum of a redshifted plasma flow appearing over a sunspot observed during the first flight of the High Resolution Telescope Spectrograph (HRTS I) is analysed, and interpreted as a radiatively cooling plasma. For most of the lines emitted from this plasma, the assumption of ionization equilibrium during the cooling is good. However for He II (and other ions with a single electron outside of closed shells), this is not the case. Integrating differential equations for the various ionization fractions of helium and the temperature allows an approximate determination of the abundance of helium relative to other elements whose lines appear in the spectrum of the plasma flow.     

Effect of a transverse plasma jet on a shock wave induced by a ramp

We conducted experiments in a wind tunnel with Mach number 2 to explore the evolution of a transverse plasma jet and its modification effect on a shock wave induced by a ramp with an angle of 24°. The transverse plasma jet was created by arc discharge in a small cylindrical cavity with a 2 mm diameter orifice. Three group tests with different actuator arrangements in the spanwise or streamwise direction upstream from the ramp were respectively studied to compare their disturbances to the shock wave. As shown by a time-resolved schlieren system, an unsteady motion of the shock wave by actuation was found: the shock wave was significantly modified by the plasma jet with an upstream motion and a reduced angle. Compared to spanwise actuation, a more intensive impact was obtained with two or three streamwise actuators working together. From shock wave structures, the control effect of the plasma jet on the shock motion based on a thermal effect, a potential cause of shock modification, was discussed. Furthermore, we performed a numerical simulation by using the Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation(IDDES) method to simulate the evolution of the transverse plasma jet plume produced by two streamwise actuators. The results show that flow structures are similar to those identified in schlieren images. Two streamwise vortices were recognized, which indicates that the higher jet plume is the result of the overlap of two streamwise jets.     

Flow about a jet source with a deflector

We suggest a method to solve one of the model problems of aerohydrodynamics, namely, a problem of a flow about a point source, from which a fluid with density and total pressure, different from the corresponding values in the incoming flow enters. The calculations are carried out for various values of the determining parameter; and the data are compared with the known results. We revealed the advantages of the suggested method in comparison with the known ones.     

Impact of a cavitation bubble on a wall

Impulse action of a cavitation bubble on a rigid wall is studied depending on the distance between them. We determine the distances at which the periphery pressure maximums on a wall are preserved as well as the distances at which these maximums exceed the water hammer pressure.     

Oscillations of a viscous liquid in a cylindrical container

The natural damped frequencies of a viscous liquid in a circular cylindrical container are obtained for slipping and anchored contact line at the container wall r = a. In addition the response to translational forced excitation has been determined. The results may also be applied to viscous liquid in a micro-gravity environment, as long as the contact angle of the liquid surface to the cylindrical container wall is in the vicinity of π/2, indicating, that the free liquid surface equilibrium position remains a plane surface. It could be found that there exists in contrast to frictionless liquid a small filling range, in which the liquid performs only an aperiodic motion. The adherence condition at the side wall was replaced by the somewhat weaker condition of an anchored contact line.     

Solving a radiation problem with forward speed using a lifting surface method with a Green''s function

The progress of seakeeping computations requires development of computating codes for unsteady flows around a ship or its elements. In this paper, we present a method of calculation concerning waves radiated by an oscillating surface-piercing flat plate with forward speed, with a yaw angle. By use of Green's third identity, the problem is transformed into the resolution of a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind by a panel method using Green's function. The Green's diffraction-radiation function with forward speed is used. Its numerical values are calculated by an adaptative integration procedure to reduce the computation time. The present method permits determination of the pressure jump distribution across the plate, the total forces and moments. The results obtained are compared with other numerical methods in hydrodynamics and in aerodynamics, and with experimental data obtained in a water tank.     

Relativistic Energy-Momentum of a Body with a Finite Volume

The problem of energy-momentum in a body with a finite volume has been causing confusion in the theory of relativity, especially in relativistic thermodynamics. Its correct understanding has been given since the early years of relativity, however, erroneous misunderstandings are still found in papers and textbooks to this date. The present paper introduces a simple paradox to demonstrate the problem, and gives a brief review on a way to handle the energy-momentum correctly.     

The intersection of a Loxodrome with a great circle

The intersections of a loxodrome (rhumb line) and a great circle are of interest for some navigational problems, but a closed-form solution cannot be formulated. An algorithm is given for computing approximations to any desired degree of accuracy using Newton's method. By using the equatorial angle φ as an independent variable all solutions can be found rapidly using the modest computational capabilities of a personal computer