弹翼角反射器效应的雷达散射截面分析

分析了弹翼与一般直两面角的角反射器效应的不同,从等效截面法分析一般直两面角角反射器效应的雷达散射截面(RCS),推导出用等效截面法分析弹翼角反射器效应的工程计算公式,通过计算弹翼、弹体组合的侧向散射特性进行了验证;引入涂敷吸波材料的平板RCS的反射系数计算方法,采用两个反射系数表示角反射器效应的两次吸收/反射效应,最后用反射系数法分析了涂敷吸波材料后的弹翼散射特性.     

Very low frequency waves stimulated by an electron accelerator in the auroral ionosphere

The sounding rocket POLAR 5 carried a 10 keV electron accelerator and various diagnostic instruments in a mother-daughter configuration. Onboard wave receivers recorded several types of VLF wave phenomena directly associated with the operation of the accelerator, with delays from 5 to 50 ms after the injection of the electrons. These delayed after-effects range from broadband noise, f > 3 kHz, observed above 170 km, through narrow band emissions at 2 and 5.6 kHz which appeared when the rocket crossed a region with precipitation of energetic electrons, to emissions covering frequencies from 3–4 to well above 100 kHz observed within the E-region (150-95 km). The latter was also associated with apparent changes in electron density. The observed emission properties indicate that the region perturbed by the beam and the neutralizing return current to the daughter may be a favoured generation region.     

A payload for the study of electric fields and electron density in the equatorial region

A rocket borne payload for simultaneous measurement of the electric field along and perpendicular to the rocket spin axis and the electron density in the medium was developed and flown from Thumba (8° 31′N, 0° 47′S dip) onboard two Centaure rockets for the study of plasma dynamcis in the equatorial E-region. The arrangement of sensors in this payload allows near continuous measurements of some of these parameters to be made.     

火箭空中爆炸冲击波峰值超压预测方法

研究火箭空中爆炸冲击波参数预测方法对于乘员舱的安全评估具有重要意义。为了探究火箭空中爆炸时飞行高度对峰值超压的影响,获取冲击波参数快速预测方法,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元软件对火箭飞行至0~20 km高度爆炸进行了有限元仿真分析。结果表明,作用于乘员舱的冲击波峰值超压随飞行高度的增加而快速减小。火箭空中爆炸冲击波压强衰减系数与飞行高度之间的关系服从二次函数衰减。在此基础上,提出了考虑高度效应的火箭空中爆炸冲击波峰值超压预测公式,可为乘员舱的快速危害性评估以及防护研究提供一定参考。      

基于勒让德正交多项式法的反射/透射特性研究

为研究薄层材料力学性能的声学检测方法,基于勒让德正交多项式法,利用液/固边界条件与波动控制方程,构建线性无关方程组并求解了界面处的反射/透射系数。分析截止项阶数对求解结果的影响,寻找不同频厚积下截止项阶数的临界值,并根据该临界值求解反射/透射系数的角度谱与频谱,与传递矩阵法进行了比较,以此验证了该理论模型的准确性。超声波斜入射薄层材料板并形成Lamb波,其达到稳态时的频散特性与反射特性存在内在联系,根据Snell定律并运用勒让德正交多项式法求解频率-相速度-反射系数三维曲面,与Disperse得到的频散曲线仿真结果进行比较,证明该理论模型对反射系数的求解结果符合Lamb波频散特性。通过采集无试样时的参考信号,降低了声波传播过程中衰减对实验结果的影响。搭建了反射与透射实验系统,对不同入射角度下反射与透射系数的频谱进行了测量并与相应的理论结果进行了对比,验证了该理论所得结果的准确性。实现了声反射/透射系数的非勘根求解,为薄层材料力学性能的无损检测提供了理论基础与实验指导。      

液体火箭贮箱增压计算公式的分析

<正>一、问题的提出火箭推进剂贮箱增压系统是液体火箭上不可缺少的一个系统,增压系统保证的推进剂贮箱压力值直接关系到液体发动机工作的成败,攸关重要。然而要在地面靠模拟试验确定贮箱压力值,不仅耗资太大,并且边界条件复杂,模拟困难。因此,增压压力的理论计算就显得十分重要了。增压系统理论计算的要点是根据能量守恒原理及气体状态方程式,对进入贮箱的能量与输出的能量进行平衡,从而计算出推进剂贮箱内的增压气体压力Px。以往的增压计算,其基本公式均采用传统的方程式:     

Comparison of A1-absorption data with theoretically computed values based on the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI)

Total absorption of hf radio waves at vertical incidence is calculated using the IRI electron density N(h) profiles at a low latitude for low and high solar activities and the calculated values of absorption are compared with the observed values. It is found that the IRI model holds good in this respect only for equinoxial months in years of low solar acitvity; however, it yields much higher values of absorption than observed during years of high solar activity (all seasons). It is suggested that seasonal anomalous variations of gas composition and bottomside thickness of the E-layer may be given due weight in revising the IRI.     

A decade of balloon observations of auroral x-rays

Balloon observations of bremsstrahlung x-rays carried out by The University of Calgary over the past decade deal with morphological studies of auroral electron precipitation. The program attempts to deal with the understanding of correlation between parent electrons and secondary x-rays, study of microbursts, East-West and North-South extent of electron precipitation, and precipitation during pulsating aurora. Although the overall program involves the use of both rocket and balloon-borne payloads, here we present only the results of the balloon experiments.     

Factors influencing the heating of the auroral electrojet by high power radio waves

Results are presented from recent ionospheric modification experiments in which the EISCAT UHF radar measured the E-region temperature and density response to high power RF heating above Tromsø. A variety of electrojet conditions were encountered during these experiments. In particular, the electron drift velocity varied considerably allowing the heating efficiency of the RF heater to be investigated as a function of electron flow velocity. These observations constitute the first direct investigation of electrojet temperature modifications by high power radio waves and provide a test of a recent theoretical model in which the combined effects of RF heating and of natural plasma turbulence associated with the Farley-Buneman instability have been considered.     

Electron beams and their interactions with the ionosphere — A review of the E| |B series

A review is presented of results from a series of experiments which began with an attempt to reflect electrons from the potential change which is thought to generate the aurora. In order to understand the experiment, this series then expanded to study beam-plasma interactions in the laboratory as well as in the ionosphere. Results from the electron reflection experiment, as well as in situ and ground-based observations of the waves generated by beam-plasma interactions will be reviewed. Measurements bearing on modifications of the ambient plasma by the beam-emitting rocket will be presented.     

厚胶层复合材料黏接结构中超声反射/透射特性的有限元仿真

针对厚胶层复合材料黏接结构,采用有限元法对其中发生黏接界面弱化、胶层内聚弱化时的超声反射/透射系数进行了仿真计算。在仿真模型中,利用弹性薄层物理场边界模拟了常规理论推导中的弹簧模型边界条件,通过改变胶层材料的弹性常数实现了对胶层内聚状态变化的模拟。仿真计算结果表明:随着黏接界面弱化程度的加剧,超声反射/透射系数频谱曲线将向低频方向偏移,而超声反射/透射系数角谱曲线将向大角度方向偏移;随着黏接结构中胶层内聚弱化程度的加剧,对应超声反射/透射系数频谱、角谱曲线的偏移趋势与发生黏接界面弱化时的情况一致。研究成果解决了利用有限元法对厚胶层复合材料黏接结构中黏接界面、结构胶内聚层进行模拟处理的问题,且仿真结果和理论计算结果吻合良好。      

减小大型火箭外壳板滚 弯直线度误差的途径

如何更有效地减小大型火箭外壳板（简称箭壳板）滚弯直线度误差，至今仍是箭壳板制造工艺人员所关注的问题。在对最不利实际工况下三轴辊弯板机中心辊进给量沿自身轴线分布规律作系统的分析、计算和研究的基础上，作者推导出一项箭壳板滚弯直线度误差不等式。对该不等式所显示的箭壳板滚弯直线度误差与轧辊主要几何参数之关系进行研究及比较后，提出了改造三辊机是减小箭壳板滚弯直线度误差的重要途径。一系列研究表明，按该推荐方法改进三辊机可使箭壳板直线度误差大幅度下降。     

Photochemical response of neutral and ionized middle atmosphere composition to the strong solar proton event of October 1989

One of the strongest solar proton events (SPE) occurred in October 1989. Its forcing of the middle atmosphere chemistry including ionized components in the D-region is examined. The ionization rate, and ozone, NO and OH density temporal and spatial (vertical) deviations induced by the SPE, calculated by a 1-D time-dependent photochemical model separately for daytime and nighttime (not shown here), are used in a 1-D model of the lower ionosphere to calculate the response of ionized components to combined forcing by ionization rate and neutral chemical composition disturbances. The radio wave absorption caused by electron density disturbances after the SPE is calculated and compared with observations. The computed ozone values are compared with observations, as well.     

基于活动区面积统计的F10.7指数预报方法

太阳10.7cm射电流量（F_10.7）是反映太阳整体活动的重要指标,其主要源头是日面活动区.F_10.7指数与日面活动区具有显著的相关性,且不同面积的活动区与F_10.7并不遵循相同的线性关系.为进一步提高F_10.7预报的准确性,利用日面活动区面积与F_10.7的相关性,依据面积大小分类,提出F_10.7的预报公式并进行验证.采用2008-2018年SWPC （Space Weather Prediction Center）公布的活动区面积数据和CSWFC （Canadan Space Weather Forecast Center）公布的F_10.7实测数据计算预报公式系数,利用高年（2003年）和低年（1997年）的F_10.7预报验证其结果.研究结果表明,预报结果与实测值的相关系数分别为0.9318和0.9295,二者皆优于SWPC同时期的预报结果（相关系数分别为0.9186和0.8771）.本研究首次基于活动区的变化预测了F_10.7,提高了F_10.7预测的准确性.      

液体火箭发动机爆震波点火技术初步研究

对液体火箭发动机各种点火技术优缺点进行了对比分析,探讨了各种点火技术方案应用于未来先进推进系统的多管多次点火系统的可行性,讨论了各种点火技术应用方案的结构形式.对爆震波点火技术进行了初步研究,建立了气氢气氧爆震波点火的简化理论分析模型,对其在实际液氢液氧发动机中应用的具体方案进行了分析.分析结果表明,爆震波点火技术可以由低压混合气体产生高温高压的爆震产物,爆震波以高马赫数速度传播,迅速到达各点火位置.爆震波点火技术具备良好的同步性能和简单的结构方案形式,适用于液体火箭发动机多管多次同步点火.     

Coordinated lidar and TIMED observations of the quasi-two-day wave during August 2002–2004 and possible quasi-biennial oscillation influence

The Colorado State University sodium lidar, located in Fort Collins, CO (41N, 105W), is capable of both daytime and nighttime operations and has conducted a number of continuous multiple-day observational campaigns over the past few years. Three such campaigns, lasting between 80 and 90 h, were conducted during August 2002–2004 when mesospheric winds and temperature observations were collected simultaneously. These data were processed to extract the vertical structure and temporal evolution of the quasi-two-day wave, which was found to be significant in the power spectra. The quasi-two-day wave in temperature, zonal wind and meridional wind was analyzed for each year, indicating that the wave activity in 2003 was weaker than the other two years. Concurrent TIMED/SABER (2002–2004) and TIMED/TIDI observations (2004) in August were also processed. The SABER temperature shows a quasi-two-day wave with a dominant westward propagating zonal wavenumber four (s = −4) component in 2002 and 2004 but not in 2003. Analysis of the TIDI winds in August 2004 also indicates significant quasi-two-day wave activity, with the zonal wavenumber three and four components of comparable strength. The results of this coordinated ground-based lidar and TIMED satellite observations during August are presented. The possible influence of quasi-biennial oscillation on the inter-annual variability of the quasi-two-day wave is investigated.     

Dark matter in the outer solar system.

There are now a large number of small bodies in the outer solar system that are known to be covered with dark material. Attempts to identify that material have been thwarted by the absence of discrete absorption features in the reflection spectra of these planetesimals. An absorption at 2.2 micrometers that appeared to be present in several objects has not been confirmed by new observations. Three absorptions in the spectrum of the unusually red planetesimal 5145 Pholus are well-established, but their identity remains a mystery.