A control system for a balloon-borne telescope

This paper deals with a star tracking system for a balloon-borne infrared telescope. A control moment gyro has been adopted for controlling the azimuth angle of the gondola. A CCD image sensor is used in a star field camera. Newly developed on-board microprocessor system is used for supervisory control of on-board equipment.     

Guidance and control of a balloon-borne X-ray telescope with onboard and ground based computers

The balloon payload HEXE ^A) is designed to observe cosmic X-ray sources in the energy range 20–250 keV. Its detectors are ‘Phoswich’ scintillators with a total sensitive area of 2300 cm² and a cooled Ge solid state detector with an area of 100 cm² [1]. The instrument was flown successfully in 1980 and 1981 from Palestine, Texas.Here we describe the control of the instrument and guidance of the telescope as well as the method of data retrieval and real time analysis. These tasks are performed by a ground based minicomputer (HP 1000) and onboard microprocessors (M 6800) which are linked together by data and command telemetry.     

Design study for a three-meter balloon-borne telescope for far infrared and submillimeter astronomy

A NASA supported design study is being carried out for a three-meter balloon-borne far infrared and submillimeter telescope. The goal of this project is to provide a facility for frequent flights for photometry, spectroscopy, and imaging in the spectral region 30 micrometers to 1 millimeter. It is intended to provide a scientific and technical step on the way to a large submillimeter telescope in space in the future. The study is concentrating on areas where technical advances are required: materials and fabrication techniques for lightweight primary mirrors, telescope and gondola structure, and pointing and stabilization. We are carrying out a design optimization and environmental test program of state-of-the-art carbon fiber reinforced plastic sandwich panels in collaboration with Dornier Systems. Similar efforts are being pursued for very lightweight molded glass mirrors. Innovative approaches to the telescope support and stabilization are being explored for achieving the required 1 arcsecond pointing stability.     

ATE系统装备测控软件的开发

讨论了ATE系统软件开发环境的选择问题,并提出了规划测控软件功能的几条原则。     

Development of theoretical approaches to the control of a water-treatment system

The Advanced Life Support/NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training (ALS/NSCORT) focuses on research and development of technologies to support human habitation during space missions. This research was done as part of an effort to maintain crewmembers’ water supply in a closed life-support system. The water subsystem was the primary focus of this study because water is one of the most expensive and important resources for human survival.     

功率FET大信号负载牵引测试系统研制

介绍大信号负载牵引测试简况、负载牵引测试的目的和意义、本系统的主要技术指标、技术途径和方案选择、测试软件流程图、测试结果举例，简述本课题的关键技术及主要工作，以及保证测试系统稳定可靠工作所采取的措施。最后进行了误差分析，介绍了应用实例。     

Development of digital interactive processing system for NOAA satellites AVHRR data

The paper discusses the digital image processing system for NOAA/AVHRR data including Land applications — configured around VAX 11/750 host computer supported with FPS 100 Array Processor, Comtal graphic display and HP Plotting devices; wherein the system software for relational Data Base together with query and editing facilities, Man-Machine Interface using form, menu and prompt inputs including validation of user entries for data type and range; preprocessing software for data calibration, Sun-angle correction, Geometric Corrections for Earth curvature effect and Earth rotation offsets and Earth location of AVHRR image have been accomplished. The implemented image enhancement techniques such as grey level stretching, histogram equalization and convolution are discussed. The software implementation details for the computation of vegetative index and normalized vegetative index using NOAA/AVHRR channels 1 and 2 data together with output are presented; scientific background for such computations and obtainability of similar indices from Landsat/MSS data are also included. The paper concludes by specifying the further software developments planned and the progress envisaged in the field of vegetation index studies.     

Development of a micro-balance system for dust and water vapour detection in the Mars atmosphere

Quartz crystal piezoelectric sensors are suitable for deposition analyses that need very high sensitivity. Due to the wide working ranges and high performances, micro-balances can measure the mass settling in average Mars conditions during a period of months before saturation is reached. This ensures a proper use for short and long term water and dust deposition monitoring. Micro-balances have been studied, calibrated and used for the GIADA (grain impact analyser and dust accumulator) experiment for the ESA-Rosetta space mission. Experience on micro-balance performance study by dust deposition has been acquired and water vapour deposition studies are in progress in a Martian atmosphere simulation chamber. Preliminary results show that micro-balances are capable to detect up to partial pressure values corresponding to parts per billion of the typical Martian atmosphere.     

Development of a thin section device for space exploration: Overview and system performance estimates

In this paper we present a conceptual design of a spaceborne instrument for the in situ production of rock thin sections on planetary surfaces. The in situ Automated Rock Thin Section Instrument (IS-ARTS) conceptual design demonstrates that the in situ production of thin sections on a planetary body is a plausible new instrument capability for future planetary exploration. Thin section analysis would reduce much ambiguity in the geological history of a sampled site that is present with instruments currently flown. The technical challenge of producing a thin section device compatible with the spacecraft environment is formidable and has been thought too technically difficult to be practical. Terrestrial thin section preparation requires a skilled petrographist, several preparation instruments that individually exceed typical spacecraft mass and power limits, and consumable materials that are not easily compatible with spaceflight. In two companion papers we present research and development work used to constrain the capabilities of IS-ARTS in the technical space compatible with the spacecraft environment. For the design configuration shown we conclude that a device can be constructed that is capable of 50 sample preparations over a 2 year lifespan with mass, power, and volume constraints compatible with current landed Mars mission configurations. The technical requirements of IS-ARTS (mass, power and number of samples produced) depend strongly on the sample mechanical properties, sample processing rate, the sample size and number of samples to be produced.     

Development and verification of an innovative photomultiplier calibration system with a 10-fold increase in photometer resolution

In this study, we construct a photomultiplier calibration system. This calibration system can help scientists measuring and establishing the characteristic curve of the photon count versus light intensity. The system uses an innovative 10-fold optical attenuator to enable an optical power meter to calibrate photomultiplier tubes which have the resolution being much greater than that of the optical power meter. A simulation is firstly conducted to validate the feasibility of the system, and then the system construction, including optical design, circuit design, and software algorithm, is realized. The simulation generally agrees with measurement data of the constructed system, which are further used to establish the characteristic curve of the photon count versus light intensity.     

Development and research program for a soil-based bioregenerative agriculture system to feed a four person crew at a Mars base.

For humans to survive during long-term missions on the Martian surface, bioregenerative life support systems including food production will decrease requirements for launch of Earth supplies, and increase mission safety. It is proposed that the development of "modular biospheres"--closed system units that can be air-locked together and which contain soil-based bioregenerative agriculture, horticulture, with a wetland wastewater treatment system is an approach for Mars habitation scenarios. Based on previous work done in long-term life support at Biosphere 2 and other closed ecological systems, this consortium proposes a research and development program called Mars On Earth(TM) which will simulate a life support system designed for a four person crew. The structure will consist of 6 x 110 square meter modular agricultural units designed to produce a nutritionally adequate diet for 4 people, recycling all air, water and waste, while utilizing a soil created by the organic enrichment and modification of Mars simulant soils. Further research needs are discussed, such as determining optimal light levels for growth of the necessary range of crops, energy trade-offs for agriculture (e.g. light intensity vs. required area), capabilities of Martian soils and their need for enrichment and elimination of oxides, strategies for use of human waste products, and maintaining atmospheric balance between people, plants and soils.     

漫谈小行星及其探测与开发

正2017年5月8日上午,"叶培建星"命名仪式暨小行星探测学术报告会在中国空间技术研究院举行。"叶培建星"国际编号为456677,由中国科学院紫金山天文台于2007年9月11日发现。为了表彰我国著名航天专家叶培建院士为推动我国月球与深空探测及空间科学快速发展所做出的突出贡献,2016年6月紫金山天文台推荐命名"叶培建星",2017年1月12日获国际小行星命名委员会批准。自此,"叶培建星"正式镶嵌进太空星辰,     

Microgravity and musculoskeletal system of mammals.

This review surveys data in the literature and our own findings concerning the effects of weightlessness on bones and muscles of white rats flown on Cosmos biosatellites and Spacelab-3. It has been shown that the magnitude and sign of functional changes in muscles depend on their biomechanical profile. Structural and metabolic foundations of functional adaptation and its dynamics have been identified: in 5-7 day flights muscle contractility changes are mainly associated with a diminished activity of excitation-contraction coupling, in longer-term flights they are produced by changes in myosin populations specific for myofibers of different functional profile. At early flight stages (up to 1 week) osteoporosis and bone demineralization are very mild; therefore decrease in bone mechanical strength may be caused by changes in physico-chemical parameters of the collagen-crystal system. In flights of up to 3 weeks noticeable osteoporosis develops which is primarily produced by osteogenesis inhibition and which is responsible for a marked decrease of bone strength. These changes may result from uncoupling of bone resorption and remodelling processes. This uncoupling is characterized as incomplete osteogenesis and may be caused by changes in the collagen composition of the organic bone matrix. The above-mentioned adaptive changes in muscle functions of specific skeletal compartments may play a role in different responses of various bones to weightlessness.     

微波噪声校准系统介绍

新的．极低噪声放大器的研制开发和广泛使用，微波系统的结构日趋复杂，微波工程测量能力下断提高，但热噪声仍然是今天微波系统性能的主要限制。例如，远距离卫星通信工程对卫星转发器的接收机和地球站接机的噪声特性提出很高的要求。因此，准确地测量系统的噪声以及时噪声发生器进行准确校准的需求非常迫切。本文叙述自己研制的噪声源校准系统的基本原理，分析超噪比校准不确定度，提供具体的校准实例，提出进一步提高校准准确度的途径。     

数字射频存储器的研究设计

数字射频存储器（ＤＲＦＭ）技术可以应用于许多领域，特别是在电子对抗系统中，它具有对接收到的威胁信号波形进行搏获、存储的能力，以及为了欺骗目的而精确控制波形并得其辐射到威胁物的能力。     

激光测高卫星的发展与展望

正一直以来,国内有些学者对卫星激光测高(SLA)、卫星雷达测高(SRA)、卫星激光测距(SLR)3种不同的技术产生混淆,而后两者技术发展相对较快,导致对卫星激光测高的关注度不高,客观上制约了国产激光测高卫星的发展。文章从3种技术对比入手,对国内外激光测高卫星的发展现状进行了较为详细的梳理,对美国未来几年对地观测激光测高领域的前端部署进行了介绍,以期引起国内对卫星激光测高技术更多的关注,能够     

空间数据系统咨询委员会的专业领域及其发展综述

1 引言 CCSDS成立于1982年,致力于解决空间数据系统开发与操作过程中的共性问题,通过采用通用功能取代任务专用设计来降低开发费用;促进空间机构之间的互操作和互支持,通过共享设施来降低操作费用.经过30余年的发展,CCSDS已经有11个正式成员、29个观察员,涵盖了国际上所有重要空间机构.     

毫米波同轴连接器的研制与发展

简单地分析了目前国际上推出的各种毫米波同轴连接器的特点和存在问题。着重介绍了美国HP公司最新研制具有优良性能的2.4mm连接器的主要性能、特点和应用前景,并指出这种新型2.4mm连接器将逐步取代现已广泛应用的SMA连接器。