Biological degradation and composition of sweet potato biomass - errata

Many challenges are presented by biological degradation in a bioregenerative Controlled Ecological Life Support System as envisioned by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. In studies conducted with biodegradative microorganisms indigenous to sweetpotato fields, it was determined that a particle size of 75 microns and incubation temperature of 30°C were optimal for degradation. The composition of the biomass and characterization of plant nutrient solution indicated the presence of potential energy sources to drive microbial transformations of plant waste. Selected indigenous soil isolates with ligno-cellulolytic or sulfate-reducing ability were utilized in biological studies and demonstrated diversity in their ability to reduce sulfate in solution and to utilize alternative carbon sources: a lignin analog 4-hydroxy, 3-methoxy cinnamic acid, cellulose, arabinose, glucose, sucrose, mannitol, galactose, ascorbic acid.     

Venera-15 and -16 spacecraft: Images and maps of Venus

The main purpose of the spacecraft Venera-15 and -16 was to radar map the north hemisphere of Venus. From October 1983 to July 1984, when this experiment was conducted, an area of 115 million km² was mapped. It stretches from the north pole to the latitude of 30°. The images (radar swathes) and height profiles of the whole surveyed territory were constructed.

At present mosaic maps of Venus were drawn by computer combining of individual swathes in a certain map projection. The height of the local topography was taken into consideration. Topographic maps of Venus were also drawn by interpolation of individual height profiles. They are the most detailed maps of Venus available.     

广义回归神经网络在MC-CDMA多用户检测中的应用

在简要介绍了反传(BP)神经网络,径向基神经网络(RBFN),广义回归神经网络(GRNN)的基础上,可知GRNN与传统的基于反传(BP)算法的神经网络相比,有收敛速度快,鲁棒性强等优点,本文将广义回归神经网络(GRNN)技术援引到MC-CDMA多用户检测中,进行了误码率和收敛性的仿真计算,表明了GRNN在多用户检测应用中的优越性和有效性。     

Progress of 2014—2016 China's Earth Observation and Earth Science

The support given by Earth observation data and Earth system science play an increasingly important role in global change, regional sustainable development, extreme events, and the development of social and economic needs. This field is also moving towards systematization, platforms, and standardized development. In December 2015, nearly 200 parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change agreed in Paris to make arrangements for global action in response to climate change by 2020. China jointly issued a climate change adaptation strategy for cities in 2016 and then elevated national action to respond to climate change. China's Earth Observation and Earth Science development is facing new challenges as it supports the national civil space infrastructure and high-resolution Earth observation system.     

Measurement of surface temperature in microgravity experimentation - problems and solutions

Potential application of non invasive surface temperature measurements in Material Science and Fluid Science microgravity experiments is reviewed by analyzing the experiments that can benefit of thermographic techniques and by identifying the parameters that can be directly or indirectly measured. The hardware and software requirements of a thermographic equipment are indicated for a system of use in space.

The capabilities and the relevant features are described of a computerized system, conceived and breadboarded in connection to ESA activities related to Fluid Science Facilities.     

国外地球静止轨道通信卫星2011－2015年发展概况及启示

目前，通信卫星已经成为在轨数量最多的航天器，各国已将通信卫星与经济发展、社会服务、军事国防等领域密切关联。从通信卫星分布的轨道来看，除美国和俄罗斯等少数国家或组织在低地球轨道（LEO）部署通信卫星外，通信卫星主要集中在地球静止轨道（GEO）。     

∑-△调制小数N频率合成器中结构寄生与随机模型的研究

详细讨论了∑-△量化器和结构寄生,并在小数N频率合成器中引入具有随机调制图案的∑-△调制模型,获得了充分随机的量化噪声,在系统灵活性、任意相位控制、切换速度和相噪之间没有折衷地消除了结构寄生,同时给出了实验结果.     

Scientific progress of combined exploration DSP and Cluster: 2008—2010

The combined observations of Double Star and Cluster missions allow for, for the first time, six-point measurements of the main plasma parameters in the key scientific regions of the near-Earth environment. In the past two years, a great number of works were made based on the data from DSP and Cluster missions, advancing remarkably the research of magnetospheric physics in China. This paper briefly reviews these important scientific results based on 51 selected publications.     

Summary of CNCOSPAR Activities 2004-2006

1 In Brief From 2004 to 2006, together with all supporting agencies, CNCOSPAR Secretariat spent most of its effort on the preparation of the 36th COSPAR Assembly. In this report, we will briefly describe these activities. However, a complete report can only be ready after the assembly completed, our intension here is only to give a brief summary on what we gone through. This basic information may help the future organizers of the assembly when they deal with similar problems.     

Summary of CNCOSPAR Activities 2006-2008

1 In Brief In July,2006,we have successfully organized the 36th COSPAR Scientific Assembly in Beijing.This is the most important event for US during this period.Summary of this meeting has been submitted to both the Chinese government and the HQs of COSPAR after the meeting.Both the Chinese government and the HQs of COSPAR were satisfied with the outcome of the event.     

Summary of CNCOSPAR Activities 2008-2010

<正>Review of the First CAS/COSPAR Jeoujang Jaw Award Professor Jeoujang Jaw (1907-1968), Meteorologist, Geophysicist and Space physicist, Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Jeoujang Jaw is considered one of the founders of modern     

Summary of CNCOSPAR Activities 2002-2004

1 In Brief In this report, we summarize the major activities of CNCOSPAR from the year 2002to 2004. During this period, many things happened such as Beijing won the 2006COSPAR scientific assembly, the first Chinese Committee of COSPAR handed over its responsibility to the second committee, etc. During this period, the space science activities developed also very fast. China has sent its first scientific satellite, the first satellite TC-1 of the Double Star Program, into space. China also has a major break through in the manned space flight by a very successful mission of Shenzhou manned space flight. On board of this spacecraft, is the first Chinese astronaut Mr. Liwei Yang. This made China the third country in the world who has the ability that the launch manned space missions independently.     

2012–2014 China's Earth Observation and Earth Science Development

Human beings are now facing global and regional sustainable development challenges.In China, Earth observation data play a fundamental role in Earth system science research. The support given by Earth observation data is required by many studies, including those on Earth's limited natural resources, the rapid development of economic and social needs, global change, extreme events, food security, water resources, sustainable economic and urban development, and emergency response. Application operation systems in many ministries and departments in China have entered a stage of sustainable development, and the State Key Project of High-Resolution Earth Observation Systems has been progressing since 2006. Earth observation technology in China has entered a period of rapid development.     

细说韩国KNIFV步兵战车高丽重甲骑兵

大宇的遗腹子 当时在2005年阿布扎比防务展的现场，笔者与KNIFV步兵战斗装甲车的总承包商——斗山集团（Doosan Infracore）的工作人员进行一番交谈，从中了解到关于该车研发的一些鲜为人知的内幕。     

Geological interpretation of a segment of Venus from radar images of the U.S.S.R. spacecrafts Venera -15 and -16

A first geological interpretation of a part of the Maxwell Mountains area is given using radar images of the Soviet spacecrafts Venera 15 and 16. The region is characterized by following features: plateaus, ridges and depressions, ring structures, volcanoes, and lineations of different types and, very probably, also of different age. The dominant surface modeling mechanism should be gliding processes connected to faults producing many complicated superpositions of features. To obtain more objective and reproducible, results a method was used for quantitative texture analysis to decipher some of the geological indications.     

多通道GPS共视法时频传递接收机的研制

GPS共视法是国际上流行的远距离时间频率传递技术,核心是共视法接收机。我们成功研制了多通道GPS共视法时频传递接收机系统,硬件部分主要由自主研制的高精度时间间隔计数器和Motorola生产的VPONCORE GPS引擎组成,软件符合时间频率咨询委员会(CCTF)发布的GPS共视法数据处理软件标准化指南的要求,与单通道GPS定时接收机相比,界面更友好,操作更方便,具有很强的分析处理数据功能。经测试证明多通道GPS接收机零基线共钟共视时间比对的不确定度小于4 ns(仰角40°),与国外报道基本相同。     

Progress of Double Star Program 2006-2008

This paper presents the status of two satellites of Double Star Program, and a part of scientific results based on the data of Double Star Program obtained during the period of 2006-2008.Other scientific results in the magnetospheric physics research can be found in "Multi scale physical process in the magnetosphere" of this issue.     

DISCOS - ESA''s database and information system characterising objects in space

This paper presents an overview of the main features of ESA's future space debris database DISCOS (Database and Information System Characterising Objects in Space). The DISCOS system has been developed around an ORACLE relational database management software by the University of Kent (UK) under an ESA contract. The DISCOS catalogue will be installed at ESOC, the European Space Operations Centre, and serve as a common ESA information system for the space debris environment.