热斑在1-1/2级涡轮内的非定常迁移数值模拟

对典型的1-1/2级高压涡轮叶栅,通过求解二维非定常N-S方程研究了燃烧室出口热斑对涡轮一级动叶和二级导叶流场和温度场的非定常影响。计算表明热斑的存在对涡轮级型面时均压力的影响微小,但是会显著地增大一级动叶和二级导叶型面压力随时间波动的幅度。计算印证了热斑会导致涡轮一级动叶压力面严重过热的结论,并显示在二级导叶上会出现与一级动叶类似的压力面过热现象。      

进口热斑对涡轮级影响的非定常数值模拟

通过求解二维N-S方程对涡轮级进口有温度畸变时的流场和温度场进行了非定常数值模拟。由于叶排间的相互运动,使叶片表面压力和叶栅通道内的流场呈周期性地变化;当涡轮进口有热斑时,热斑中的气流总温要高于周围气流温度,在通过涡轮级时,热斑中的高温气流会向转子压力面上迁移,导致转子压力面上产生热点。热斑的存在对涡轮级中的压力分布影响很小,但是严重影响温度场的分布。同时进口热斑相对导叶的位置对叶片表面温度的分布也有很大影响。      

热斑对涡轮级转静干涉噪声影响数值研究

利用结合相位延迟方法的求解器,对进口有热斑存在的某高压涡轮级流场进行三维非定常计算,然后利用模态匹配方法在涡轮转子下游管道中提取出转静干涉离散噪声信息.通过与进口无热斑存在算例比较表明:在一倍叶片通过频率下,向下游传播的转静干涉离散噪声总声功率级增加了约5.9dB;在二倍叶片通过频率下增加了约11.6dB.      

热斑压力比对气冷涡轮叶栅表面热负荷的影响

为深化对涡轮进口热斑效应的认识,采用试验和数值方法研究了热斑压力比对涡轮叶栅表面热负荷的影响.试验采用引气管形成热斑,叶片材料为环氧树脂,叶型为C3X.采用数值方法计算了不同热斑压力比(0.980～1.020)和冷气流量比(1％～5％)条件下叶片表面的热负荷.研究表明,计算值与试验值吻合良好.热斑压力比小于1.000时...     

用气膜冷却来防止热斑引起的涡轮叶片过热

为了防止燃烧室出口热斑引起涡轮叶片过热，通过求解二维非定常N-S方程研究了热斑对高压涡轮一级叶片型面压力和温度的非定常影响，并对气膜冷却这种热防护方法进行了尝试。计算结果与公开发表的实验数据基本吻合。结果显示热斑的存在对涡轮级型面压力影响微小，但是会导致动叶型面特别是压力面的温度显著升高并随时间大幅波动。在动叶压力面鳃区引入气膜冷却对型面压力和热斑在涡轮级内的运动影响不大，但可以有效地阻隔高温热斑与压力面的直接接触，并显著降低壁温和减小温度随时问波动的幅度。     

航空发动机涡轮叶栅进口热斑试验技术

正航空发动机燃烧室出口流场存在着明显的温度不均匀,其局部的最高温度可达到最低温度的两倍左右,这种局部的高温气流被称为"热斑"(Hot Streak)。热斑进入涡轮叶栅后,冷热气流具有不同的迁移路径,会导致叶片表面出现局部高温区,增加叶身热应力,严重时还会出现叶片局部烧蚀。因此,深入研究涡轮叶栅进口热斑迁移特性及其主要影响因素,将有助于制定更为合理的涡轮叶片冷却方案,从而提高涡轮的     

涡轮叶栅进口热斑迁移及其影响因素研究试验装置设计

针对涡轮叶栅进口热斑问题,设计搭建了一套涡轮叶栅进口热斑迁移及其影响因素研究的试验装置。采用扰流棒和向主流注入热次流分别模拟进口湍流和热斑,叶栅试验件5叶片4通道结构实现了较好的试验件周期性,采用非金属材料加工叶片并研发了对应的偶丝敷设工艺,通过红外热像仪和热电偶对比测温及进、出口温度场测量实现对热斑的迁移运动追踪。试验验证表明:该装置易于调节进口热斑的周向、径向位置并准确改变热斑温比、湍流度等参数;红外测温结果与热电偶测温结果平均值相差约2.4%,满足涡轮叶栅内热斑迁移及影响规律研究需要。     

热斑对涡轮二级静叶热负荷影响的实验和数值研究

采用以氦气比拟热斑的实验方法和三维非定常数值计算研究了两级涡轮入口处的热斑对二级静叶通道的影响。结果发现,热斑对二级静叶通道内的热负荷分布具有明显影响:在径向的分布集中于50%叶高以下,在叶栅进口和出口附近,热量集中于下端壁,并随径向高度增加减少;在周向有明显不均匀性;端壁二次流对热斑分布有很大影响。     

燃烧室和涡轮相互作用下高压涡轮级气热性能研究进展

现代燃烧室由于富油燃烧-快速焠熄-贫油燃烧技术和贫油预混燃烧技术导致其出口具有非均匀温度（热斑）分布、强旋流和高湍流度的流动特征,显著影响燃烧室下游高压涡轮级的气热性能。先进高压涡轮级气热性能分析和冷却设计越发依赖于燃烧室和涡轮相互作用下交界面的气热参数非均匀分布特征。论文阐述了燃烧室和涡轮相互作用机理。介绍了燃烧室和涡轮相互作用下高压涡轮级气热性能研究的代表性实验台和数值方法。分别综述了燃烧室和涡轮相互作用下热斑、热斑和旋流、旋流和湍流度对高压涡轮级气热性能的影响特性。给出了燃烧室和涡轮相互作用下高压涡轮级的气热性能分析及不确定性量化的研究现状。总结了燃烧室和涡轮相互作用下高压涡轮级气热性能的研究成果。展望了非均匀气热参数分布条件下高压涡轮级气热性能可靠性分析和鲁棒性设计需要更加深入研究的方向,为适应先进航空发动机的燃烧室和涡轮一体化设计需求提供参考。     

涡轮级内湍流度影响的非定常数值模拟

通过求解二维雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程，数值模拟了不同进口湍流度下的涡轮级中的非定常流场及温度场。结果表明，增大湍流度对叶栅通道内时均压力分布影响很小，但是对涡轮级中的温度分布会产生很大影响，当涡轮进口有热斑存在时，增大湍流度将会使热斑中的热流体温度扩散更快，从而叶栅通道中的温度场分布趋向均匀，同时动叶压力面侧与吸力面侧的时均温度差别减小，沿动叶统长方向上的温度分布也更平缓。     

多通道涡轮级的流场/温度场非定常数值模拟

通过求解二维 N-S方程对多通道涡轮级进口有温度畸变时的流场和温度场进行了非定常数值模拟。相对于简化成单通道涡轮级的数值模拟得到更精确的结果 ,尤其是对温度场的模拟。改变热斑数与导叶通道数比会对动叶时均温度分布产生较大影响 ,动叶压力面温度分布所受的影响更大。     

Dynamic stall suppression on an oscillating airfoil by steady and unsteady tangential blowing

The use of steady and unsteady tangential blowing to suppress the dynamic stall on an oscillating airfoil was studied by numerically solving the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations. Pitching oscillations with amplitude of 10° about a mean angle of attack of 15° and with reduced frequencies of 0.15 and 0.25 were examined. The blowing location is near the airfoil leading edge, and for unsteady blowing, the jet strength was varied periodically at the same frequency as that of airfoil oscillation with some phase difference. In case of steady blowing, with a C_μ of 0.07, the large pitching moment, massive drop in C_L and increase in C_D due to dynamic stall were eliminated. The unsteady blowing was found more effective than the steady blowing.     

多级考虑冷气掺混流片变厚度的S_1流面研究

为减少气冷涡轮气动设计难度,提出一套基于多级气冷涡轮考虑冷气掺混及随流道翘曲、变厚度的S1流面计算思路,编制了带冷气的翘曲S1流面薄片计算的参数化方法程序及网格自动生成程序,改良了传统平面薄片,对比分析了改良后平面薄片、翘曲S1流面薄片以及三维计算间差异,对某高压涡轮进行了翘曲S1流面薄片气动优化.结果显示:与三维计算对比,改良后平面薄片最大流量差距为22.68%,翘曲S1流面薄片为3.58%,一维数据上翘曲S1流面薄片更逼近三维计算;型面压力分布及马赫数云图分布上翘曲面S1流面薄片较改良后平面薄片更贴近三维计算;采用翘曲S1流面薄片进行优化后,效率较原始方案提升0.41%,流量较原始方案仅增加0.21%.     

描述弹塑性材料损伤演变行为的3种计算方法的研究与应用

借助于双向组合坐标系,就弹塑性材料的损伤演变速率和寿命提出了3种计算方法.它包括:单参数法、比值法、乘积法,同时本文给出了许多新的计算方程,还提供了一个同各个常用材料参数有着函数关系的综合性材料常数的新概念.这些常用参数有:疲劳强度系数σ'f、疲劳强度指数b'1、疲劳延性系数ε'f、疲劳延性指数c'1、平均应力、平均应变和临界加载时间等等.用汽车的一个零件做了实例计算,并对计算结果进行了一些比较.预计这些计算方法对避免过多的疲劳试验,对节省疲劳试验的时间、人力和资金,对方便工程应用在某种程度上将有着实际意义.     

Improvements on computations of high speed propeller unsteady aerodynamics

This paper presents the application of the CANARI flow solver to the computation of unsteady effects in the aerodynamic interaction of a high speed propeller with the aircraft. The method is first validated on the APIAN isolated propeller test case by comparison with experiment at M=0.7. The method is then applied to the time accurate 3D Euler computation of a generic transport aircraft at M=0.68. Analysis of the results shows significant unsteady effects both on the propeller forces and on the wing aerodynamic flows, by comparison with steady computations.     

Variable slip window technology in transition detection on pitching airfoil

In the pitching motion, the unsteady transition and relaminarization position plays an important role in the dynamic characteristics of the airfoil. In order to facilitate the computer to automatically and accurately calculate the position of the transition and relaminarization, a Variable Slip Window Technology (VSWT) suitable for airfoil dynamic data processing was developed using the S809 airfoil experimental data in this paper and two calculation strategies, i.e., global strategy and single point strategy, were proposed: global strategy and single point strategy. The core of the VSWT is the selection of the window function h and the parameters setting in the h function. The effect of the VSWT was evaluated using the dimensionless pulse strength value (INB), which can be used to evaluate the signal characteristics, of the root mean square (RMS) value of the fluctuating pressure. It is found that: the h function characteristics have a significant influence on the VSWT. The suitable functions are H_n function constructed in this paper and step function. For the left boundary of the magnified area, the step function can obtain the largest INB value, but the robustness is not good. The H₁ function (Gaussian-like function, n = 1) can show higher robustness while ensuring a large INB value. The two computing strategies, which are single point strategy and global strategy, have their own advantages and disadvantages. The former strategy, that is the single point strategy, can achieve a higher INB value, but the RMS magnification at the feature position needs to be known in advance. Although the INB value obtained by the latter strategy, that is the global strategy, is slightly smaller than the calculation results of the former strategy, it is not necessary to know the RMS magnification at the feature position in advance. So the global strategy has better robustness. The experimental data of NACA0012 airfoil was used to further validate the developed VSWT in this paper, and the results show that the VSWT developed in this paper can still double the INB value of the transition/relaminarization position. The VSWT developed in this paper has certain practicability, which is convenient for the computer to automatically determine the transition/relaminarization characteristics.