基体预热温度对ZrO2 涂层结合强度的影响

用等离子喷涂的方法在不同温度的45#钢基体上制备ZrO2涂层,通过涂层的结合实验、X射线衍射分析了基体温度与涂层结合强度之间的关系,发现当基体预热温度为250℃时涂层的结合强度最高,可达13.4 MPa;当预热温度高于350℃时,粘结层中的热生长氧化物明显增加,导致涂层的结合强度降低。     

大气等离子喷涂热障涂层高温氧化行为研究

采用等离子喷涂工艺在GH4099合金基体上制备了热障涂层,并进行了1050℃恒温氧化试验,综合利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪等检测手段,分析了涂层的显微结构及高温氧化行为。结果表明：等离子喷涂（APS）热障涂层在高温氧化过程中,黏结层被氧化生成热生长氧化物（TGO）。但长时间氧化后,在与TGO毗邻的金属黏结层中产生了范围较窄但浓度变化较大的贫Al带,TGO层出现保护性Al2O3向非保护性混合氧化物转变的现象,导致致密Al2O3层的连续性被破坏,TGO厚度快速增加。     

SPS温度对铜/镍粉/304不锈钢接头组织与剪切强度的影响

采用脉冲放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备了添加镍粉中间层的铜/304不锈钢接头,研究了焊接温度对接头组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,以镍粉为中间层,可以实现铜与304不锈钢的扩散焊接。铜/镍界面处铜、镍互扩散形成铜/镍界面扩散层,镍/304不锈钢界面处镍、铁互扩散形成镍/铁界面扩散层,铜/镍扩散层厚度大于镍/铁扩散层厚度。在焊接压力为10 MPa、焊接温度为900℃时,铜/304不锈钢接头剪切强度最佳,为98 MPa。铜/304不锈钢接头断口形貌呈韧窝状,断裂均在镍中间层处,接头连接强度受制于镍中间层本身的强度。     

纤维体积分数对等离子喷涂制备B/Al复合材料力学性能的影响

用表面涂覆B4C涂层的B纤维,采用大气等离子喷涂法制备纤维间距为200 μm和160 μm两种连续B纤维增强Al基复合材料预制片,结合真空热压扩散焊制备了纤维均匀分布的B/Al复合材料,探讨了在两种不同纤维间距条件下复合材料组织结构及其中纤维体积分数对B/Al复合材料力学性能的影响.     

等离子喷涂与激光重熔复合制备Mo2NiB2涂层的组织和性能研究

采用大气等离子喷涂方法在Q235低碳钢表面制备Mo₂NiB₂基金属陶瓷涂层,选取300 W和500 W功率对其进行激光重熔。结果表明,激光重熔可以显著减少涂层的缺陷,使组织结构变得更加致密,界面处的弱机械结合转变为良好的冶金结合。随着激光功率的提高,涂层的结合强度和耐腐蚀性能提高,最大结合强度为38.08 MPa,最小腐蚀电流为0.033μA/cm²,但硬度和耐磨性降低,最小硬度为1781HV_0.2,最大体积摩擦率为6.25×10^–5 mm³/(N·m)。上述等离子喷涂及2种激光重熔的Mo₂NiB₂基金属陶瓷涂层的硬度、结合强度、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性都明显高于Q235低碳钢基体。     

碳—碳复合材料的界面层

碳—碳复合材料存在有不同层次的界面层,它影响着材料的力学和物理性能,而界面层的组成和结构,又和纤维表面、基体特性和工艺条件有关。本文从增强纤维、基体碳、裂纹、孔隙和抗氧化涂层几方面来讨论界面层问题。     

热压压力对B/Al复合材料组织结构及力学性能的影响

使用表面覆有B4C涂层的硼纤维，采用大气等离子喷涂法制备连续硼纤维增强铝基复合材料预制片，结合真空热压扩散焊制备了纤维均匀分布的B／Al复合材料。探讨在接近铝基体熔点温度的条件下热压压力对复合材料力学性能与B／Al界面结合的影响，分析了B／Al界面结合状态与断口形貌及力学性能之间的关系。研究表明：热压压力对制备的B／Al复合材料的纤维体积分数、B纤维与Al基体的界面结合状态和拉伸强度有显著的影响；纤维表面的B4c涂层有效地防止了B纤维与Al基体间的界面反应，在温度6500C、压力10MPa的条件下，制备的纤维体积分数为42％的B／Al复合材料拉伸强度达到968MPa，达到了纤维理想强度的77％。     

等离子喷涂法纳米结构WC-Co涂层的制备与性能

研究了等离子喷涂法纳米结构WC-Co涂层的制备工艺及其性能.使用"雾化干燥结合固定床技术"合成WC-12Co纳米复合粉体,通过构造成适宜的纳米结构喂料,在不同的等离子热喷涂条件下制备出各种涂层,初步确定了制备纳米结构涂层的最佳喷涂工艺参数及条件.     

Al2O3(YAG)/LaPO4层状陶瓷复合材料研究

选择Al2O3(YAG)作为基体片层材料,LaPO4作为界面层材料,采用凝胶注模成型技术制备出基体层材料的坯片,然后在基体层坯片上采用浸渍或喷涂工艺附着界面层材料,最后将坯片叠置于模具中热压烧结.制备的陶瓷复合材料微观结构均匀,基体片层厚度为110-150μm,界面层厚度为10～30μm,实测层厚比为11.重点研究工艺参数及界面层成分对层状陶瓷复合材料室温性能的影响.结果表明,氧化物基层状陶瓷复合材料的抗弯强度比基体材料略有下降,但室温断裂韧性达到了13.52MPa·m1/2,是基体材料断裂韧性的3倍.对比氧化物基层状陶瓷复合材料与基体材料在断裂过程中裂纹扩展路径的差异.     

高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料高温压缩界面研究

采用无压浸渗制备出高体积分数SiCp/Al多功能复合材料。对该复合材料进行了高温(高于基体熔点)压缩实验。利用XRD和TEM观察了SiCp/Al复合材料的界面结构,分析了高温压缩对复合材料界面的影响,研究了复合材料的复合机理。结果表明:高温压缩后的SiCp/Al复合材料的界面过渡层连续且厚度均匀,过渡层宽度减小了一个数量级;复合材料SiCp/Al界面结合机制包括扩散、位向和反应结合机制,复合材料SiCp/Al界面的这些结合机制,导致了增强相与基体之间很强的界面结合;复合材料的断裂方式为颗粒断裂,SiC增强颗粒与Al基体结合良好。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。