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液体推进剂爆炸冲击波的数值模拟 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对现有液体推进剂爆炸实验危险性高、耗费大以及实验条件严格及重复性差等缺点及难点,利用Autodyn软件分别对一维和二维两种情况下液体推进剂爆炸产生的冲击波进行数值模拟,并与经验预测及相关实验研究进行比较分析。研究结果表明:在距离大于10 m时,利用软件模拟计算的结果与经验公式一致性较好,两者偏差不超过5%。数值模拟不仅可以准确捕捉冲击波峰值压力,而且还能够较准确地得到液体推进剂在空气中爆炸时冲击波的衰减过程,为液体推进剂爆炸事故的毁伤评估和安全防护奠定了基础。 相似文献
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当物体以超声速穿越同向运动的斜激波时,它的飞行Mach数和攻角都会发生较大的变化。穿越过程中斜激波与物体脱体激波发生相互作用,形成复杂的激波干扰波系结构,基本的干扰形式为复合Mach反射结构。不同的穿越位置时,由于不同的来流条件,使物体上尾部凹坑内的流场和波系发生很大的变化,随着物体的穿越过程,当头部和凹坑下游壁面与翼面穿越激波时,阻力系数有两次剧烈的变化,法向力基本呈线性下降,压力中心先大幅度后移,物体逐渐穿过激波后又快速前移。因此穿越过程使物体加速,给物体的姿态带来很大的扰动。翼面穿过激波也造成阻力、法向力下降,压心后移。如果对有控制的飞行器,穿越激波时气动力特性和稳定性的急剧变化,将给控制系统带来很大的困难。 相似文献
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流体计算采用基于非结构动网格的有限体积方法,结构计算采用分段精细时程积分方法,求解结构动力学有限元方程,流体计算和固体计算之间采用松耦合在不断运动的交界面上进行作用力和运动特性的传递,对固体火箭发动机点火形成的冲击波与药柱缺陷形成的弹性裂纹之间相互耦合作用过程进行了模拟。研究表明,作用在弹性裂纹上的冲击波载荷引起的壁面变形随时间变化明显,开始表现为撑开裂纹出口,随后出现了收缩出口撑开底部的瓶状;固体变形对冲击波在弹性狭缝内的压力波振荡影响较小,以前采用刚体模型得到的研究结论仍有指导意义。 相似文献
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对粉末燃料冲压发动机中镁颗粒群的着火过程进行了研究,建立了镁颗粒群的非稳态着火模型,数值模拟了镁颗粒群的着火过程。研究表明,颗粒相温度先缓慢升高,表面反应加剧之后,温度才急剧上升,很短时间内着火成功;而着火过程中气相温度整体升高不大,其温度总是低于颗粒相温度且升温很慢,特别是着火阶段后期,气相的升温速率远小于颗粒相的升温速率,分析了各种参数变化对颗粒群着火的影响。随颗粒浓度的增加,颗粒群的着火时间缩短;但当颗粒浓度太大时,颗粒群将不能着火成功。气相中氧气浓度对着火的影响很小,特别是颗粒浓度大的情况,氧气浓度对着火几乎没有影响。辐射源温度和气相初始温度对颗粒群着火的影响很大,两者的温度高,则颗粒群着火时间将大大缩短,但当颗粒浓度很高时,气相初温变化对颗粒群着火时间的影响将不再显著。颗粒粒径对颗粒群着火的影响较复杂,颗粒浓度大时,小颗粒颗粒群易于着火,而颗粒浓度小时,大颗粒颗粒群着火时间更短。 相似文献
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The behavior, in an oxygen atmosphere, of shocked drops of nitromethane, 1- and 2- nitropropane, ethyl and propyl nitrate, decane, and heptane was studied. Results suggest a new mode of ignition for nitrates at high incident shock Mach numbers (M 3.7). At the high incident shock strengths ignition occurs in the boundary layer, but no blast wave develops as is the case for lower shock strengths. Since ignition delay times are very short under these conditions, the absence of blast waves is attributed to the lack of time for the accumulation of fuel in the wake. Gas phase studies of the shock decomposition of fuel molecules were undertaken to determine if gas phase data could be used to explain the trends in the drop ignition observations. Nitromethane and the nitrates were mainly used in this effort. Alternative explanations for the role of gas phase kinetics in the ignition of drops are presented. 相似文献
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采用复合可压流法和考虑粘性影响的一维流法设计了满足最大次流流量的引射喷管冷却结构,并采用Delphi语言开发了具有友好人机界面的设计应用软件,对引射喷管抽吸特性规律进行了研究,利用Fluent商用软件进行了设计引射喷管结构的数值模拟,验证了计算方法的有效性. 相似文献
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基于微机电系统技术的自由分子流微电热推力器(FMMR)是一种微型电热推力器,它具有集成化程度高、体积小、质量轻、响应速度快、推质比高、可靠性高和易于集成为推进阵列等特点,它在军事和民用微/纳航天器方面有广阔的应用前景。通过建立合理的数学模型,如分子与壁面相互作用模型采用CLL模型,分子模型采用变径硬球模型,分子碰撞对的选取采用取舍方法。采用直接模拟蒙特卡罗方法结合信息保存法对FMMR的流动特性进行了数值模拟计算和性能计算,并对影响推力器性能的各种因素进行分析。计算和分析结果表明,当采用氩气和水作为推进剂工质,薄膜电阻温度为600K,工作滞止压强为500Pa时,FMMR推进单元的比冲分别为47.900s(1s=9.8N·s/kg)和68.163s,推力为0.158mN,效率为25.8%。通过优化设计、系统集成等可以进一步提高推力器的比冲、推力和效率。 相似文献
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针对固体火箭发动机药柱存在裂纹的情况,对运动激波在狭缝中绕射传播的非定常流场进行了计算,得到了清晰的流场变化图谱,从流场图中可分辨出激波在狭缝中的传播过程。对不同深宽比的狭缝进行研究,发现流场结构存在明显差别,在深宽比较小时狭缝内压力波振荡较小,当深宽比超过一定值时狭缝内的压力波产生剧烈振荡。研究结果表明,该方法可很好地描述激波在狭缝中的传播过程。 相似文献
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Two ground-based methods of weightlessness simulation--a computer model of erythropoiesis feedback regulation and bedrest--were used to investigate the mechanisms which lead to loss of red cell mass during spaceflight. Both methods were used to simulate the first Skylab mission of 28 days. Human bedrest subjects lose red cell mass linearly with time and in this study the loss was 6.7% at the end of four weeks (compared to 14% in Skylab). Postbedrest recovery of red cell mass was delayed for two weeks during which time a further decline in this quantity was noted. This is consistent with the first Skylab mission but not with the two longer flights of two and three months. Hemoconcentration, observed early in the study, was essentially maintained despite red cell loss because of continued loss of plasma volume. The computer model, using the time-varying hematocrit data to estimate red cell production rates, predicted dynamic behavior of plasma volume and red cell mass that was in close agreement with the measured values. The results support the hypothesis that red cell loss during supine bedrest is a normal physiological feedback process in response to hemoconcentration enhanced tissue oxygenation and suppression of red cell production. In contrast, the delayed postbedrest recovery of red cell mass was more difficult to explain, especially in the light of enhanced reticulocyte indices observed at the onset on ambulation. Model simulation suggested the possibilities, still to be experimentally demonstrated, that this period was marked by some combination of increased oxygen-hemoglobin affinity, small reductions in mean red cell life span, ineffective erythropoiesis, or abnormal reticulocytosis. The question of whether hemoconcentration is the sole contributor to spaceflight red cell losses also remains to be resolved. 相似文献
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针对固体火箭发动机前封头人工脱粘缝隙,设计了二维实验装置,用来模拟发动机点火过程中前封头人工脱粘位置受到点火冲击后的应力-应变情况.同时,采用流固耦合的数值方法,对比计算了实验工况,计算得到人工脱粘根部的应力-应变与实验吻合很好.通过数值研究发现,点火初期燃气对人工脱粘部位的冲击,会引起缝隙内部的压强振荡及装药表面的振... 相似文献
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