共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
航天事业在20世纪已取得显著进展和辉煌成就。21世纪即将来临。在21世纪,世界航天如何发展、将取得哪些重大成就,是人们关注的话题。为此,笔者根据有关材料汇编了这份材料,以供参考。共4讲,第一、二讲已刊登在本刊1998年第4期,下面为第三、四讲。 相似文献
2.
3.
The idea of deploying a lander on the secondary body of the binary primitive asteroid (175706) 1996 FG3 is investigated. 1996 FG3 is the backup target of the European sample return space mission MarcoPolo-R under assessment study at the European Space Agency in the framework of the M3 Medium-Class mission competition. The launch will take place in 2022–2024, depending on its selection at the end of 2013. A lander is indicated as an optional payload, depending on mass availability on the spacecraft. Obviously, the possible complexity of a lander deployment is also an important parameter to take into account. Here we demonstrate that, considering worst case scenarios and low requirements on the spacecraft GNC and deployment mechanism, the operations are easy to implement and safe for the main spacecraft. The concept of operations is to deploy a light lander from the L2 Lagrange point of the binary system, on a ballistic trajectory that will impact the secondary asteroid. The fundamental principles of this strategy are briefly presented and a detailed model of 1996 FG3 is considered, to which the strategy is applied. We show that the deployment is successful in 99.94% of cases. 相似文献
4.
Japanese Venus Climate Orbiter/AKATSUKI was proposed in 2001 with strong support by international Venus science community and approved as an ISAS (The Institute of Space and Astronautical Science) mission soon after the proposal. The mission life we expected was more than two Earth years in Venus orbit. AKATSUKI was successfully launched at 06:58:22JST on May 21, 2010, by H-IIA F17. After the separation from H-IIA, the telemetry from AKATSUKI was normally detected by DSN Goldstone station (10:00JST) and the solar cell paddles’ deployment was confirmed. After a successful cruise, the malfunction happened on the propulsion system during the Venus orbit insertion (VOI) on Dec. 7, 2010. The engine shut down before the planned reduction in speed to achieve. The spacecraft did not enter the Venus orbit but entered an orbit around the Sun with a period of 203 days. Most of the fuel still had remained, but the orbital maneuvering engine was found to be broken and unusable. However, we have found an alternate way of achieving orbit by using only the reaction control system (RSC). We had adopted the alternate way for orbital maneuver and three minor maneuvers in Nov. 2011 were successfully done so that AKATSUKI would meet Venus in 2015. We are considering several scenarios for VOI using only RCS. 相似文献
5.
着陆小行星的滑模变结构控制 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
针对由于目标小行星的各种物理参数和运动信息不能精确获取而导致着陆小行星的动力学方程中存在不确定项这一问题,设计了一种基于滑模变结构的软着陆小行星的制导控制方案。在考虑安全软着陆约束条件下规划了标称着陆轨迹;通过滑模变结构控制方法设计制导控制律,实现对理想标称轨迹的鲁棒跟踪,从而保证成功着陆小行星;最后通过计算机仿真验证了方案的可行性。 相似文献
6.
Jonathan F.C. Herman Aline K. Zimmer Johannes P.J. Reijneveld Kathryn L. Dunlop Yu Takahashi Simon Tardivel Daniel J. Scheeres 《Acta Astronautica》2014
This paper presents a mission analysis comparison of human missions to asteroids using two distinct architectures. The objective is to determine if either architecture can reduce launch mass with respect to the other, while not sacrificing other performance metrics such as mission duration. One architecture relies on chemical propulsion, the traditional workhorse of space exploration. The second combines chemical and electric propulsion into a hybrid architecture that attempts to utilize the strengths of each, namely the short flight times of chemical propulsion and the propellant efficiency of electric propulsion. The architectures are thoroughly detailed, and accessibility of the known asteroid population is determined for both. The most accessible asteroids are discussed in detail. Aspects such as mission abort scenarios and vehicle reusability are also discussed. Ultimately, it is determined that launch mass can be greatly reduced with the hybrid architecture, without a notable increase in mission duration. This demonstrates that significant performance improvements can be introduced to the next step of human space exploration with realistic electric propulsion system capabilities. This leads to immediate cost savings for human exploration and simultaneously opens a path of technology development that leads to technologies enabling access to even further destinations in the future. 相似文献
7.
8.
介绍了在水下武器试验中动态数据录取系统的工作原理 ,并对录取过程中出现的异常值进行了深入的分析 ,提出了几种异常值合理剔除和取代的方法 ,最后通过试验中的应用来证明这些方法的有效性。 相似文献
9.
10.
本文结合多年教学实践,对激发学生的创造意识,培养发散思维,运用创造技法等方面进行了探索。 相似文献
11.
12.
The Desert Research and Technology Studies (D-RATS) 2011 field test involved the planning and execution of a series of exploration scenarios under operational conditions similar to those expected during a human exploration mission to a near-Earth asteroid (NEA). The focus was on understanding the operations tempo during simulated NEA exploration and the implications of communications latency and limited data bandwidth. Anchoring technologies and sampling techniques were not evaluated due to the immaturity of those technologies and the inability to meaningfully test them at D-RATS. Reduced gravity analogs and simulations are being used to fully evaluate Space Exploration Vehicle (SEV) and extravehicular (EVA) operations and interactions in near-weightlessness at a NEA as part of NASA's integrated analogs program. Hypotheses were tested by planning and performing a series of 1-day simulated exploration excursions comparing test conditions all of which involved a single Deep Space Habitat (DSH) and either 0, 1, or 2 SEVs; 3 or 4 crewmembers; 1 of 2 different communications bandwidths; and a 50-second each-way communications latency between the field site and Houston. Excursions were executed at the Black Point Lava Flow test site with a remote Mission Control Center and Science Support Room at Johnson Space Center (JSC) being operated with 50-second each-way communication latency to the field. Crews were composed of astronauts and professional field geologists. Teams of Mission Operations and Science experts also supported the mission simulations each day. Data were collected separately from the Crew, Mission Operations, and Science teams to assess the test conditions from multiple perspectives. For the operations tested, data indicates practically significant benefits may be realized by including at least one SEV and by including 4 versus 3 crewmembers in the NEA exploration architecture as measured by increased scientific data quality, EVA exploration time, capability assessment ratings, and consensus acceptability ratings provided by Crew, Mission Operations, and Science teams. A combination of text and voice was used to effectively communicate over the communications latency, and increased communication bandwidth yielded a small but practically significant improvement in overall acceptability as rated by the Science team, although the impact of bandwidth on scientific strategic planning and public outreach was not assessed. No effect of increased bandwidth was observed with respect to Crew or Mission Operations team ratings of overall acceptability. 相似文献
13.
《Space Policy》2014,30(3):143-145
The human exploration of space is pushing the boundaries of what is technically feasible. The space industry is preparing for the New Space era, the momentum for which will emanate from the commercial human spaceflight sector, and will be buttressed by international solar system exploration endeavours. With many distinctive technical challenges to be overcome, human spaceflight requires that numerous biological and physical systems be examined under exceptional circumstances for progress to be made. To effectively tackle such an undertaking significant intra- and international coordination and collaboration is required. Space life and biomedical science research and development (R & D) will support the Global Exploration Roadmap (GER) by enabling humans to ‘endure’ the extreme activity that is long duration human spaceflight. In so doing the field will discover solutions to some of our most difficult human health issues, and as a consequence benefit society as a whole. This space-specific R&D will drive a significant amount of terrestrial biomedical research and as a result the international community will not only gain benefits in the form of improved healthcare in space and on Earth, but also through the growth of its science base and industry. 相似文献
14.
我国太阳能应用的可行性分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文针对我国推广使用绿色环保能源太阳能的可行性进行了探讨,文章首先介绍了太阳能的产生机制,分析了我国太阳能资源的能量总量和分布情况,讨论了直接利用太阳能的二种途径:光热转换和光电转换,并具体讨论了光热转换和光电转换所涉及的实际技术,具体包括:用于采集太阳能并进行光热转换的集热器、辅助热动力系统、太阳能供暖、太阳能制冷、太阳能热力发电、太阳光发电,介绍了国内外使用太阳能的现状和发展趋势,并对我国地域广大且太阳能资源丰富的西部地区的太阳能开发利用的可行性进行了分析。 相似文献
15.
《Space Policy》2014,30(3):149-155
The Global Exploration Roadmap reflects the collaborative effort of twelve space agencies to define a long-term human space exploration strategy which provides substantial benefits for improving the quality of life on Earth and is implementable and sustainable. Such a strategy is a necessary precondition to the government investments required to enable the challenging and rewarding missions that extend human presence into the solar system. The article introduces the international strategy and elaborates on NASA's leadership role in shaping that strategy. The publication of the roadmap, a reflection of the space landscape and multilateral agency-level dialog over the last four years, allows NASA to demonstrate its commitment to leading a long-term space exploration endeavor that delivers benefits, maintains strategic human spaceflight capabilities and expands human presence in space, with human missions to the surface of Mars as a driving goal. The road mapping process has clearly demonstrated the complementary interests of the participants and the potential benefits that can be gained through cooperation among nations to achieve a common goal. The present US human spaceflight policy is examined and it is shown that the establishment of a sustainable global space exploration strategy is fully consistent with that policy. 相似文献
16.
沿海地区水下地形的精确测量是人类开展海洋活动的关键,合成孔径雷达(SAR)为浅海地形的探测提供了一种新的手段,其中TerraSAR-X 的聚束模式以较长的积分时间得到高分辨率的 SAR 数据,从而能较为精确地反演浅海的海底地形。传统 SAR 图像水下地形探测基于波周期不变的假设,这不仅需要已知初始水深求解波周期,还给探测结果带来一定误差。本文提出一种基于子孔径图像的水下地形探测方法,将一景SAR图像分解成多景时间间隔固定的子孔径图像,利用子孔径图像间的时间间隔,求解不断变化的波周期,从而获得更加精确的水下地形。使用在海南蜈支洲岛的 TerraSAR-X 数据验证了此方法的可行性,将此方法反演得到的结果与GEBCO数据进行比较,发现两者吻合较好(MAE为2.8 m,MRE为23.91%),证明了此方法在浅海反演水深的巨大潜力。 相似文献
17.
When the idea of a large space station in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) was conceived in the 1980s, it was primarily planned as an orbiting laboratory for microgravity research. Some even thought of it as an industrial plant in space. Whereas the latter did not materialize because of various reasons, the former is absolutely true when you talk about the International Space Station (ISS). Since the transition to a six astronaut crew in 2009 and the completion of its assembly in 2011, it has been intensively used as laboratory in a wide field of scientific topics. Experiments conducted on ISS have yielded first class results in biology, physiology, material science, basic physics, and many more. While its role as a laboratory in space is widely recognized, the awareness for its potential for preparing future exploration missions beyond LEO is just increasing. This paper provides information on how the ISS programme contributes to future exploration efforts, both manned and unmanned. It highlights the work that has been done or is currently underway in the fields of technology, operations, and science. Further potentials and future projects for exploration preparation are also shown. A special focus lies on experiments and projects primarily funded by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) or with strong German participation in the science team. 相似文献
18.
19.
空/水跨介质飞行器经空中飞抵目标水域后高速入水,对目标实施快速打击,具有隐蔽性好、突防能力强等特点。但在水下航行中,固/液界面阻力及绕流流场变化等问题严重影响了航行速度与稳定性。减小航行体表面阻力干扰、流场优化是保障水下高速稳定航行的关键。旨在探讨适用于水下高速航行体的表面减阻与流场优化方法,对表面微结构减阻、超疏水表面减阻、超空泡减阻和微气泡减阻4种最具代表性的固/液界面减阻技术进行论述,分析各种减阻技术的机理与应用可行性,探讨适用于水下高速航行体的减阻技术发展方向。 相似文献
20.
NASA has created a plan to implement the Flexible Path strategy, which utilizes a heavy lift launch vehicle to deliver crew and cargo to orbit. In this plan, NASA would develop much of the transportation architecture (launch vehicle, crew capsule, and in-space propulsion), leaving the other in-space elements open to commercial and international partnerships. This paper presents a space exploration strategy that reverses that philosophy, where commercial and international launch vehicles provide launch services. Utilizing a propellant depot to aggregate propellant on orbit, smaller launch vehicles are capable of delivering all of the mass necessary for space exploration. This strategy has benefits to the architecture in terms of cost, schedule, and reliability. 相似文献