Analytical model of cutting force in axial ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB2/7050Al PRMMCs

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling has been widely applied in machining the difficult-to-cut materials owing to the remarkable improvements in reducing the cutting force. However, analytical models to reveal the mechanism and predict the cutting force of ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling metal matrix composites are still needed to be developed. In this paper, an analytical model of cutting force was established for ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. During modeling, change of motion of the cutting tool, contact of tool-chip-workpiece and acceleration of the chip caused by ultrasonic vibration was considered based on equivalent oblique cutting model. Meanwhile, material properties, tool geometry, cutting parameters and vibration parameters were taken into consideration. Furthermore, the developed analytical force model was validated with and without ultrasonic vibration milling experiments on in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. The predicted cutting forces show to be consistent well with the measured cutting forces. Besides, the relative error of instantaneous maximum forces between the predicted and measured data is from 0.4% to 15.1%. The analytical model is significant for cutting force prediction not only in ultrasonic-vibration assisted milling but also in conventional milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites, which was proved with general applicability.     

Influence of longitudinal-torsional ultrasonic-assisted vibration on micro-hole drilling Ti-6Al-4V

As Ti-6Al-4V is a typical hard to machine material, especially in micro drilling aviation parts, chip breaking difficulty is of increasing interest to explore its further development. In this study, Longitudinal-Torsional Ultrasonic Assisted Drilling (LTUAD) was employed to machine Ti-6Al-4V, and its feasibility was evaluated by comparing with Conventional Drilling (CD). By combining periodical characteristics and vibration models (the separated or the unseparated ultrasonic elliptical vibration), the influence of ultrasonic frequency on the intersection characteristics of trajectories were analyzed. And the intersection characteristics were divided into four categories: even periodicity, odd periodicity, non-odd and even periodicity and composite periodicity, indicating different capability for chip breaking. By applying the longitudinal-torsional compound vibration horn, the micro-hole drilling experiment was carried out on machining center. The chip morphology, the thrust force, and the burr height were discussed. Experimental results showed that the morphology of chips presented as smaller and more fragmentary ones in LTUAD compared with continuous helical conical ones and fold-shaped ones in CD. Compared with CD, the average values of the thrust force in LTUAD reduced by 1.98% to 24.9%. According to the burr around the hole exit in both LTUAD and CD, the height of the latter was greatly affected by the drilling parameters. And the burr around the exit of the hole were distributed rather evenly with smaller extension in LTUAD. Consequently, the LTUAD employed in micro-hole drilling was effective.     

CFRP/钛合金叠层材料制孔技术的现状与展望

综述了近年来国内外对CFRP/钛合金叠层材料制孔技术的研究进展,重点介绍了传统方法钻削CFRP/钛合金叠层材料过程中轴向力和扭矩、钻削温度的测量方法,轴向力和扭矩的变化规律,以及刀具磨损、加工损伤与钻削工艺的关系;对螺旋铣孔、低频振动钻孔和超声辅助振动钻孔的实现方法、运动特点和加工质量进行了分析总结,并对CFRP/钛合金叠层材料制孔技术的应用和研究动向进行了探讨。     

CFRP复合材料超声振动套孔分层抑制机理分析

针对碳纤维增强复合材料在传统钻孔过程易出现分层缺陷,采用金刚石空心套刀和超声振动加工技术进行了CFRP超声振动套孔分层抑制机理分析。理论分析了传统麻花钻钻孔与金刚石套刀普通套孔过程的分层机理及评价,超声振动套孔对分层抑制的机理,并且进行了实验验证。结果表明:相比于CFRP普通套孔,超声振动套孔能够有效提高套刀切削性能和排屑效果,降低钻削力12.5%～19.2%,抑制切屑粉尘黏附套刀和料芯堵塞套刀,抑制CFRP分层缺陷形成,改善孔表面质量。     

C/SiC复合材料的制备及加工技术研究进展

碳纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基(C/SiC)复合材料由于其强度高、硬度大、耐磨损,被广泛应用于工业、航空航天等领域,然而C/SiC复合材料难以被稳定地去除加工。本文综述C/SiC复合材料的常见制备方式及其材料的性能特点。概述C/SiC复合材料的传统机械加工、超声辅助加工、激光加工等加工方法,分析了各种加工方法的材料去除机理、加工精度、常见缺陷及加工过程中存在的问题。传统的机械加工需进一步优选切削刀具材料;超声辅助加工需探究超声振动的刀具与材料之间的耦合作用机制、振动作用下的材料去除机理;激光加工要进一步研究2.5维及3维C/SiC复合材料的激光加工去除机理。在这些研究的基础上进一步采用复合加工的方法,探寻C/SiC复合材料高效、精密、稳定和无损加工的可能性。     

高低频复合振动钻削CFRP/钛合金叠层结构试验

针对碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）和钛合金叠层结构在传统钻削过程中切削温度高、加工质量差等问题,基于低频振动钻削和高频（超声）振动钻削的优势,提出了高低频复合振动钻削的加工方法。采用自主研制的高低频复合振动钻削装置,对CFRP/钛合金叠层结构进行了制孔试验,对比研究了普通钻削、超声钻削、低频振动钻削和高低频复合振动钻削4种方式下的切削力、钛合金切屑形貌、切削温度和CFRP孔加工质量。结果表明：4种加工方式中,高低频复合振动钻削的轴向力波动相对较大,切削温度显著降低,产生的钛合金切屑呈不连续扇形且整体尺寸最小,CFRP孔出入口及孔壁的损伤程度最低,显著提高了加工质量,为复合材料叠层结构一体化制孔加工提供了指导意义。     

C/SiC复合材料超声振动钻孔评估

在分析碳纤维增强碳化硅复合材料的力学性能、密度、孔隙率和弯曲强度的基础上 ,进行了超声钻孔工艺试验 ,检测并研究了材料去除率、孔径差、孔边质量和工具损耗情况 ,得出了超声钻孔是一种好的加工方法的结论。     

旋转超声钻削碳纤维复合材料钻削力和扭矩的研究

针对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)加工过程中的问题,对金刚石套料钻旋转超声钻削CFRP-T700型复合材料展开了研究。研究发现,钻削力随主轴转速的增加具有减小的趋势,而扭矩则随着主轴转速的增加,呈现增大的趋势;与传统加工相比,旋转超声振动钻削可降低切削力及扭矩达56.6%和39.1%,有效抑制加工缺陷的产生。初步建立了切削力和扭矩之间的数学模型,并通过试验对切削力和扭矩之间的比例常数k加以验证。研究结果表明,旋转超声钻削CFRP在降低切削力和扭矩方面有较大优势。     

纵-扭复合超声钻削TC4钛合金振动系统设计与试验

螺旋沟槽变幅杆能够实现超声振动模式的转换，对单激励纵-扭复合振动的实现具有结构简单和操作可行的优点。基于弹性波场论对超声波在复合变幅杆中发生模式转换的原因及振动特性进行分析，并从超声波的入射角入手，分析入射角对振动模态的影响。在圆锥复合变幅杆的圆锥段开设螺旋沟槽，建立三维模型，并进行有限元仿真和试验验证，结果表明超声波入射角的改变对纵-扭复合变幅杆的扭-纵比影响显著。当入射角为46.5°和67.2°时，在变幅杆的输出端纵振模态和扭振模态发生明显的变化，实测的扭-纵比前者较后者提高约5.1倍。通过普通钻削与超声钻削实验对比，在不同的入射角条件下，超声钻削的平均钻削力均低于普通钻削力。与入射角为67.2°时对比，当入射角为46.5°时，平均钻削力降低约46%，并提高了制孔的质量，从而为模态转换的纵-扭复合变幅杆设计提供一定的理论依据。     

Defect suppression mechanism of ultrasonic vibration-assisted drilling carbon fiber/bismaleimide composite

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted drilling (UVAD) has recently been successfully applied in the drilling of carbon fiber reinforced polymer/plastic (CFRP) due to its high reliability. Multiple defects have been observed in the CFRP drilling process which negatively affects the quality of the hole. The carbon fiber/bismaleimide (BMI) composites is an advanced kind of CFRPs with greater strength and heat resistance, having been rapidly applied in lightweight and high temperature resistant structures in the aerospace field. To suppress the defect during the drilling of carbon fiber/BMI composites, it is necessary to comprehensively understand the defect formation and suppression mechanism at different positions. In this study, the defects formation in both conventional drilling (CD) and UVAD were observed and analyzed. The variation trend in the defect factor and thrust force with the spindle speed and feed rate were acquired. The results revealed that the UVAD could significantly enhance the hole’s quality with no delamination and burr. Meanwhile, the defect suppression mechanism and thrust force in UVAD were analyzed and verified, where the method of rod chip removal affected the exit defect formation. In summary, UVAD can be considered a promising and competitive technique for drilling carbon fiber/BMI composites.     

八面钻超声振动钻削钛合金出口毛刺形成机理

钛合金在传统麻花钻常规钻孔后,会产生较大的孔出口毛刺,这将导致孔出口去毛刺困难且影响紧固件装配质量。本文引入一种八面钻新刃型刀具,并利用超声振动钻削技术,进行了八面钻超声振动钻削钛合金出口毛刺形成的基础理论和试验研究。理论分析了普通钻削和超声振动钻削的出口毛刺形成过程以及超声振动钻削的出口毛刺降低机理,同时试验验证了超声振动钻削的出口毛刺降低效果。结果表明:相比于钛合金普通钻削,超声振动钻削极大地提高了钻头刀具的切削能力,分别降低了钻削力16%~20%、切削温度18%~21%和出口毛刺高度82%~89%,有效降低了装配过程的去毛刺困难和生产成本。     

Developing a novel radial ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding device and evaluating its performance in machining PTMCs

Particle-reinforcing titanium matrix composites(PTMCs) exhibit the sharp raising applications in modern industries owing to its extraordinary physical and mechanical properties. However, the poor grindability and unstable grinding processes due to the existence of TiC particles and TiB short fibres inside PTMCs, leading to the sudden grinding burn and low material removal rate.In this work, a novel radial ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding(RUVAG) device with a special cross structure was dev...     

钛合金零件钻削过程仿真与试验研究

钛合金被广泛用于航空工业中,譬如民用飞机吊挂滑轨等典型结构的制造。钛合金作为难加工材料,通常使用钻削的方法进行加工,不同的钻削参数对应不同的钻削温度和钻削力,而钻削温度和钻削力对加工精度影响较大。为使加工参数和加工精度得到很好地匹配,借助Deform 3D有限元仿真软件建立了钛合金热应力耦合有限元模型,通过软件仿真研究钛合金滑轨在加工过程中的钻削力以及钻削温度。首先,对钻头和钛合金试件进行网格划分。其次,建立材料本构模型和切屑分离标准,使用仿真软件得到加工过程的钻削力和钻削温度。最后,采用试验方法获取钻削温度和钻削力,与仿真结果进行对比。结果表明:仿真结果与试验较为吻合,仿真能输出有效的钻削力和钻削温度。     

无人机碳环氧复合材料高质量无损伤制孔工艺研究

碳纤维复合材料制孔时易产生各种加工缺陷,影响制孔质量。本文对碳纤维复合材料的制孔缺陷原理进行研究,并设计相关对比工艺试验,,对制孔工艺中钻头工作参数、钻削参数等提出了较优建议。     

加工工艺对C/ SiC 复合材料性能的影响

采用普通磨削和超声辅助磨削工艺对C/Si C复合材料进行加工,对不同加工工艺参数获得的C/Si C复合材料进行表面状态表征及力学性能的测试。结果显示在磨削深度0.05 mm,进给速度600 mm/h,转速1 600 r/min,超声频率14 k Hz的工艺参数匹配条件下,所得到的C/Si C复合材料的表面粗糙度最小,弯曲强度最大。表明超声辅助磨削加工工艺对材料力学性能损伤较小。     

树脂基纤维复合材料钻削研究进展

主要介绍了树脂基纤维复合材料钻削过程中的钻削力、钻削温度、加工表面质量等钻削性能及材料去除机理、缺陷形成机理、刀具磨损机理等钻削机理方面的研究现状;阐述了树脂基纤维复合材料钻削工艺及钻头改进方面的最新研究进展,并对树脂基纤维复合材料钻削加工技术的下一步研究重点进行了展望。     

刀具材料对运载火箭叠层厚板高速制孔影响的实验研究

针对当前厚度大于10mm的运载火箭铝合金叠层板在高速制孔过程中存在的钻头折断、噪音、毛刺等问题,开展了刀具材料对运载火箭叠层厚板钻孔影响的实验研究。从孔径、毛刺和切削力等方面分析含钴高速钢、硬质合金和涂层硬质合金3种刀具材料对制孔的影响。结果表明:相比于硬质合金钻头,含钴高速钢麻花钻尽管钻削力较高,但具有钻孔数量多、产生的毛刺高度小、出入口较为光整、细小毛刺少、刀具发生磨损而不断裂等优点,因此,更适合进行2219铝合金叠层厚板的制孔。     

Effect of ultrasonic vibration on finished quality in ultrasonic vibration assisted micromilling of Inconel718

Inconel718 was machined with the traditional micromilling (TMM) and ultrasonic vibration assisted micromilling (UVAMM) with the different technology parameters, whose surface quality and burrs formation were studied. The results show that TMM often forms pits, bumps and gullies in the size effect range. UVAMM effectively improves the surface quality compared with TMM. The surface defects are significantly reduced with the increase of feed per tooth (ƒ_z). When ƒ_z exceeds 4 μm, the effect of ultrasonic vibration on the surface quality is no longer obvious. The minimum burr size on the down milling side and the up milling side are 50.23 μm and 36.57 μm, respectively. The feasibility of vibration cutting in improving surface quality and suppressing burr size was verified. UVAMM effectively suppresses the formation of built-up edge, which can significantly improve the micromilling process. The cutting force is obtained through simulation and experiment. They are agreement in the change trend. The finite element simulation can be used to predict the cutting force. Compared with TMM, feeding force (F_x), radial force (F_y) and axial force (F_z) of UVAMM decrease by 7.6%, 11.5% and 1.3%, respectively.     

C/SiC复合材料AUAG加工机理及实验研究

对C/SiC复合材料沿纤维分布方向超声磨削加工AUAG展开研究,对超声加工C/Si C复合材料的表面微观结构以及机械性能进行了评估,对表面质量随加工参数的变化而变化展开了研究。结果表明通过AUAG超声磨削加工参数的优化设计,可以得到较好的表面质量。     

CFRP材料振动制孔研究进展

本文对碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)的特性进行了回顾,概述了目前纤维叠层材料孔加工缺陷和应对办法。简述了振动辅助加工(VAM)的特点,以及振动辅助钻削加工(VAD)对加工缺陷的抑制机理,最后总结了目前振动辅助钻削CFRP取得的进展。