Knowledge-aided signal processing: a new paradigm for radar and other advanced sensors

Recently, significant progress has been made in the development of physics-based, knowledge-aided (KA) signal processing strategies supported by improvements in real-time embedded computing architectures. These developments provide designers of advanced sensor systems an unprecedented degree of flexibility when implementing next generation adaptive sensor systems. In the case of radar, this has been manifested in the first ever, real-time, KA space-time adaptive processing (KA-STAP) system for advanced clutter/interference suppression. This paper provides exemplars of real-world effects giving rise to the need for "intelligent" adaptation schemes and overviews the KA approach to sensor signal processing in some detail. Moreover, we survey a collection of papers describing recent KA sensor research that follow in this issue     

Radar synthetic vision system for adverse weather aircraft landing

A synthetic vision system (SVS) is described for aid in landing aircraft in poor weather conditions. The system consists of a scanning millimeter wave radar, heads-up display and real-time signal processing hardware. A suite of fast image processing algorithms are used for enhancing and displaying of the imagery. The system has been tested in number of tower and flight demonstration during actual adverse weather conditions. The significance of the work is in both system demonstration of the overall concept and the novelty of its signal processing algorithms     

两片TS101联合实现FFT运算

在综合分析 TS101内部结构和 FFF 算法的基础上,结合由两片TS101组成的信号处理板硬件平台的研制,提出了一个并行处理加多片联合来实现浮点复数 FFT 运算的方法,将一个比较大的 FFT 处理任务分配在多片上并行执行。经过对模拟数据的仿真分析,该方法在保证精确估计中心频率的前提下,较好地提高了运算速度。     

数字滤波器在DSP上的实现

可编程DSP(Digital Signal Processor)是一种能够快速进行数字信号处理的特殊微处理器，而数字滤波器是DSP的基本应用之一。在掌握DSP应用系统开发知识的基础上，介绍了线性相位FIR数字滤波器的设计方法，并重点论述了在TMS320C5402 DSP上实现滤波器的关键技术。实践证明，借助DSP硬件结构上的优势，所设计的数字滤波器具有运行速度快、能够进行实时信号处理、精度高的优点，其整体性能较优越。     

Ultra-high performance, low-power, data parallel radar implementations

Radar involves similar operations applied to large amounts of data. It is thus well suited to data parallel (SEMD) hardware. In the past, large data-parallel machines have been applied to radar with limited success. This has been due to such reasons as programming issues, cost, and the hardware being too big for most embedded applications. Most SBVED machines went away a decade ago. There is now a new generation of SIMD COTS technology with powerful processing elements (PEs) and floating-point hardware. WorldScape is applying these chips to radar processing, and has demonstrated significantly more performance with much lower power dissipation (GFLOPS/Watt). These implementations provide attractive alternatives to traditional FPGA and DSP solutions. Lockheed-Martin has provided benchmark validation testing and support for these implementations. The current implementation is based on a 64 PE, 25 GFLOP CS-301 chip supplied by ClearSpeed Technology PLC. WorldScape has demonstrated FFT, Pulse Compression, a form of QR factorization, and other applications on this generation of hardware using a mix of C-level programming and optimized assembly. The next generation chip is compatible, but also has several improvements that will significantly enhance I/O performance as well as raw GFLOP throughput. An updated demonstration and discussion of a scalable processing platform for embedded radar processing which significantly improves I/O performance and provides a roadmap to government-qualified hardware for technology insertion. Architectures, data parallel coding approaches, additional functionality of the scalable processing platform, and relevance to embedded defense radar applications will be discussed.     

Omnidirectional Instantaneous Direction Finding System

A system for providing near-instantaneous determination of the azimuthal angle of arrival of a received signal has been designed and fabricated at L band. Direction is determined by phase measurement of the outputs of a multimode antenna, which has no moving parts. Effects of multipath interference are reduced to a minimum through a combination of signal processing techniques. The position of the transmitting source is presented on a PPI display.     

A UHF True Logarithmic IF Amplifier

A UHF ?true logarithmic IF? which yields a carrier output proportional in amplitude to the logarithm of the carrier input has been constructed. Although this ?true? form has been known for a number of years, it appears to have been neglected in development. Good performance has been obtained over a 60-dB input signal range with rise and fall times of 2 ns per 20 dB. A high-level, detected dc coupled output without the use of any dc amplifier is obtained. Coherent signal processing of the output carrier is possible, and other important advantages to this type of logarithmic IF are described.     

机载嵌入式可重构信号处理系统设计

为使机载嵌入式信号处理系统性能更加均衡,更好地适应机载嵌入式环境,在比较三种传统的机栽信号处理系统架构的基础上,提出了一种系统可伸缩、功能可重构的信号处理系统架构,并分析了其系统特性和关键技术。从可编程能力、处理性能、通用性以及可扩展性等方面比较了三种信号处理系统架构,结果表明:可重构信号处理系统架构具有较强的综合性能,能更好地满足机载嵌入式应用的需求。     

航空发动机叶片超声检测信号的小波分析方法

超声波检测技术是航空构件检测中应用较多的一种检测方法。针对含损伤的某型航空发动机压气机叶片，采用小波分析技术，对超声检测信号进行分析和处理，提高了超声检测技术检出缺陷的能力。采用四种不同的小波基对同一信号进行分析，经研究表明：sym4小波基处理航空构件超声检测信号比较理想。     

小波变换在雷达信号检测中的应用

小波分析已经成为目前雷达信号去噪的主要方法之一。通过对小波去噪问题的描述,揭示了小波去噪的滤波特性;分别阐述了目前雷达信号检测中常用的4类小波去噪方法并进行性能分析;对雷达信号的小波检测方法提出了展望。     

Advances in signal processing technology for electronic warfare

The denial of effective communications by enemy forces during hostile military operations has been a primary concern for military commanders since the inception of radio communications on the battlefield before World War II. Since then, the electromagnetic environment has been in a constant state of evolution toward more sophisticated jam-resistant and convert forms of modulation. For example, exotic modulation techniques employing spread spectrum (SS) signaling are routinely used by our adversaries to provide their communication links an advantage over US and Allied jammers. These same spread spectrum modulation techniques are being refined to provide convert, low probability-of-intercept (LPI) features to the unintended interceptor. The thrust of this paper focuses on developments in the theory and algorithms for detection, characterization, and exploitation of advanced waveforms using new mathematical signal processing tools. Specifically, quadratic time-frequency signal representations, wavelet transforms, and cyclostationary signal processing are introduced. This overview demonstrates the importance of these advanced techniques in a clear and concise manner. Applications and future research activities are described     

圆度仪的数字化测量

介绍了对圆度仪的数字化改造方法。讨论了测量数据的数字化处理的方法及利用单纯形法对测量对象圆度进行评定，给出了实际的测量结果。     

Analysis of a Signal Processor for an Antenna Array

A signal processor that provides ratio-squared predetection combining, has been investigated for application in an adaptive antenna array. The analysis and experimental data presented here pertain to the signal processing gain when the antenna array is illuminated by a coherent signal source and a partially coherent noise source. For a noise source which is coherent, the processing gain depends on relative strength of the signal and noise, relative directions of arrival, and the usual "array factor." The array exhibits capturing effects much as in an FM receiver. The effective antenna pattern is a superposition of two beams of different magnitudes, one directed to the signal source and the other to the noise source. When the noise is partially coherent, the behavior of the signal processor is quite complex. Analytical prediction and experimental simulation measurement on a four-channel system indicate that the partially coherent noise may be regarded as the source of an incoherent noise component plus a coherent noise component with the magnitude of the latter determined by the coherence coefficient for the noise source.     

Improvement of Automatic Landing Through the Use of a Space Diversity ILS Receiving System

A space diversity method of receiving and processing ILS localizer information has been developed and flight tested. Multiple lateral ly separated antennas are used which sense the ILS signal on and around the approach path. Combining these signals suppresses ILS beam distortion produced by multipath signal interference and provides much improved guidance information to the landing aircraft control system.     

TMS320C62x的并行性和应用研究

TMS32 0 C62 x在信号处理领域得到广泛的应用,也提出了高度并行处理在 DSP的实现问题。给出如何实现高性能 C62 x应用的一般性方法,并比较了 3种高速 DSP的典型性能指标,最后给出用 C62 0 1实现了SAR信号处理机的预处理模块的实例。     

基于广义S变换进行雷达信号时频滤波去噪

S变换自问世以来,凭借其优越性已经被广泛地应用于数字信号处理中。针对深空目标雷达回波信号的复杂性,为了得到较好的雷达回波信号,将基于广义S变换的时频滤波应用于雷达回波信号去噪中,并利用低通滤波器设计了时频滤波算子,克服了传统滤波去噪方法滤波因子不能随时间、频率变化而变化的缺陷。通过理论分析与仿真波形对比表明,滤波后能有效地去除噪声,很好地保留了原始雷达回波信号的信号特征,展示了基于广义S变换的时频滤波的可行性,为雷达回波信号去噪提供提供了一种很好的方法。     

DSP及PC机间的数据通信技术研究

合成孔径雷达(SAR)是全天候全天时的主动微波成像雷达,因此在军事和民用方面得到了广泛的应用。合成孔径雷达成像的显著特点是数据吞吐量大,实时性强,然而单片的高性能DSP无法满足SAR成像的需求,故采用多片DSP技术。在多片DSP并行处理技术中,它们之间如何进行通信是一个关键技术。本文以ADSP2106x为例,研究了DSP间的通信以及DSP与PC机间的通信。串行通信、DMA通信和VC++的MSComm控件通信都是很好的通信方式,但DMA更适合大量的数据通信。     

嵌入式数字信号并行处理技术研究

推动嵌入式数字信号并行处理技术发展主要涉及三个领域的技术:处理器技术、系统的拓扑结构和互连协议。对三项关键技术相关领域技术发展的内容、技术优缺点、技术应用和发展趋势进行了分析。以此为基础,提出了某嵌入式数字信号并行处理模块的设计实现方案。系统具有高速信号处理能力、高速数据传输能力、互连拓扑结构灵活、易扩展、支持容错/重构等特性。     

一种高速数字复数乘加器的研制

复数乘加运算是实时数字信号处理系统经常使用的主要运算之一,随着实时数字信号处理的发展,复乘加的运算速度要求越来越高。本文研制了一种基于复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)的高速数字复乘加器,其复乘加的次数可以用外部的输入信号控制,还可以同时共轭输出。该复乘加器成本低,编程灵活,可根据不同的要求广泛应用于各种数字信号处理系统中。     

机载气象雷达回波信号仿真系统

设计了一个机载气象雷达回波信号仿真系统,可用于高保真雷达回波信号的生成与演示。基于高保真风场建模数据,依照真实机载气象雷达的扫描方式初始化仿真参数,对风场数据进行机载气象雷达回波仿真,得到了可靠的仿真数据,并对可靠性进行验证。该系统采用C#与Matlab联合编程的方法进行实现,可实现的功能包括各种气象目标在不同模式下的雷达回波仿真,雷达回波数据正确性的验证及展示。得到的信号可为机载气象雷达信号处理和数据处理算法的开发提供数据支持。