基于灵敏度分析的结构-声学鲁棒优化设计

针对工程中普遍存在的结构-声场耦合系统,充分考虑系统本身及外载荷的不确定性,提出了求解系统响应范围的区间有限元分析方法及鲁棒优化设计模型.从耦合系统的平衡方程出发,利用中心差分方法得到了系统响应的灵敏度计算公式.引入区间变量来表征信息不足的不确定参数,借助一阶泰勒展式,可以快速估算系统响应的区间上下界.在结构鲁棒优化设计过程中,通过引入灵敏度指标,将原不确定单目标优化问题转化为确定的多目标优化问题.为保证结构性能更加稳定,利用区间可能度刻画约束条件的鲁棒性.数值算例通过某弹舱模型弹性板厚度的优化设计,验证了所建立的鲁棒优化模型及算法的有效性.      

回旋波共振加热加速的多重离子流体模型

在回旋波共振准线性理论基础上建立了自恰描述质子和氧离子各向异性温度和整体速度的双离子流体模型,求得数值解,并与UVCS观测相比较.发现在波谱斜率固定的假设下,模型的数值结果虽然与观测有相同趋势,但不能在误差范围之内解释全部观测现象.进一步的研究需要考虑波谱形状的自洽演化.      

飞机蒙皮拉伸成形加载轨迹设计及优化

加载轨迹是决定飞机蒙皮拉伸成形质量的关键因素.首先对双曲度单凸蒙皮变形最大截面采用应变控制方法,通过解析分析公式推导设计拉形加载轨迹范围;然后将各加载参数转化为拉形设备中夹钳和工作台运动参数,并作为设计变量;最后采用最优化理论与算法和有限元数值模拟相结合的方法,以减小卸载回弹提高贴模度为研究目标,以单元最大主应变和厚度减薄率为约束条件建立最优化数学模型,采用序列二次规划的优化方法确定最合理的拉形加载轨迹;对优化结果进行实验验证,实验结果和优化结果相吻合.分析表明加载轨迹优化后,成形零件的贴模度、应变分布与厚度的均匀程度均有明显提高.      

吴方法在平面并联机构位置正解中的应用

采用吴方法对平面并联机构位置正解问题进行了研究.吴方法是一种求解非线性方程组的数学机械化方法,采用这种方法任何非线性方程组都可以在有限步内得到解决.在给出了吴方法基本原理的基础上,对本问题进行了求解,并将原始方程组转化成为一个三角化的方程组.其中单变量方程的次数为6次,说明平面并联机构可以有6个不同的位姿.最后用数值实例进行了验证,给出了计算结果.吴方法在这一问题中的应用,为求解其它机构学难题提供了新途径.     

含函数型自变量回归模型中的变量选择

针对含有函数型和多元向量数据的回归模型中变量选择和参数估计问题进行研究,扩展了函数型数据分析和变量选择方法的应用范围。首先,函数型自变量基于函数型主成分基函数空间进行投影;然后,对投影后的函数型自变量（按组）及多元向量自变量采用惩罚变量选择方法,同时估计相应的系数。惩罚项调节参数采用自适应调节参数,损失函数采用中位绝对损失函数,以此为例,通过引入松弛变量将估计算法转化为求解线性规划问题,算法复杂度低。数值模拟结果表明,所提方法对于含函数型自变量回归模型的变量选择和参数估计均具有良好效果。      

快速Gram-Schmidt回归方法

提出一种快速的变量筛选与回归建模方法.该方法将在建模过程中,一方面筛选出对因变量有最佳解释作用的信息;另一方面基于Gram-Schmidt正交变换,识别和检验模型中的冗余变量,以便能够及时和成批量地删除所有冗余信息.仿真分析指出,在自变量数量巨大,同时变量之间的多重相关程度又非常高的情形下,与经典的逐步回归相比,该方法的计算速度更快,建模过程更加简洁有效.     

基于Gram-Schmidt过程的判别变量筛选方法

利用Gram-Schmidt过程,在自变量集合中选择对判别分类解释性最强的信息,删除对分类无显著解释作用的信息以及重复解释的信息,并把挑选出来的解释变量集合变换成若干直交变量.一方面实现了判别分析模型中的变量筛选,同时也解决了自变量多重共线条件下的有效建模问题.在选入变量的过程中运用F统计量检验变量的判别作用,更容易被统计应用人员所接受.为了说明所提算法的合理性和有效性,以Fisher判别分析建模为例,通过仿真数据建模取得了合理准确的分析结论.      

机动目标状态估计器算法研究

基于战斗机航迹准稳态运动状态假设,研究了机动目标状态估计器算法.该算法通过选取虚拟测量变量和状态变量,以及假设目标处于航迹准稳态运动状态,把含有9个变量的非线性滤波和预测问题转化为1个三阶和3个二阶的线性滤波和预测问题.在综合控制系统中的仿真结果表明,该算法计算量小,滤波精度好,能够满足综合控制需求.      

符号执行和测试数据辅助生成的实验系统

本文提出了一个以符号执行方法辅助生成测试数据的实验系统。对于一个给定的源程序,它在对该程序进行静态分析的基础上,自动选择一组逻辑路径使其满足语句覆盖准则、或分支覆盖准则、或逻辑路径覆盖准则。然后,逐条地符号执行这组逻辑路径。对每条路径,它都产生一组以程序输入变量表示的路径限制条件。本系统还产生定义在输入变量上的输出变量(及中间变量)的符号表达式,用户可据此分析路径的计算过程、输入变量与输出变量的关系等。因此,它为验证程序断言、静态分析程序、分析动态测试结果提供了有价值的信息。     

基于主基底分析的变量筛选

利用Gram-Schmidt变换,提出一种主基底分析方法.解释并证明了Gram-Schmidt变换所删除的信息量.给出"主基底"的定义及构造方法,并提出"净信息含量比"的概念,用以测度所选基底包含的信息.该方法能在原始数据信息损失尽可能小的前提下,排除所有的冗余变量以及变量集合中的重叠信息,得到一个正交的主基底,从而更有效地对大规模变量集合中的信息进行筛选.多角度的理论分析指出,主基底在尽可能多地携带原始变量信息的同时,还可保证样本点间的相似性改变最小.实际案例分析说明了该方法的合理性和有效性.      

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。