基于CAN的机场助航灯恒流调光系统的设计

鉴于飞机起降的安全考虑,机场需要配备助航灯来保证机场所需要的能见度,因此机场助航灯调光系统已经有很多研究者开发过.此处的调光系统是一种利用自己开发的控制模块和CAN总线相结合而设计的系统.首先介绍了机场助航灯恒流调光系统的整体硬件结构框图和各部分的硬件框图,对硬件部分作了简要的介绍;接着重点对该系统的核心部分进行了软件方面的介绍,给出了软件流程图.     

民用飞机着陆灯与机场助航灯光在飞机夜航中的作用

飞机着陆灯与机场助航灯光系统为民用飞机夜航起飞、着陆提供照明,两者都十分重要。民航法规CCAR121部要求飞机必须装有至少两个着陆灯,而AC-97-FS-2011-01则要求民用机场必须配备助航灯光系统。分析了着陆灯与助航灯光两者在夜航着陆过程中的作用,并阐述两者的相互关系。     

机场行李5级安检系统的仿真建模与分析

5级安检系统是机场安检、行李(自动)分拣系统中的重要组成部分,其应用大大提高了机场安全保障系数和行李分拣系统的处理效率。本研究简要介绍了5级安检系统,应用Flexsim软件对该系统进行仿真建模和结果分析。该系统可形象地展示系统各个环节之间的关系,并能直观而迅速地找到系统中的影响因素和瓶颈位置。     

机场助航灯光故障在线巡检系统设计

提出了一种机场助航灯光故障在线巡检系统，可以对机场助航灯具开路、输入功率过小、隔离变压器桶进水、隔离变压器二次开路等故障进行在线巡检：通过在线巡检，机场助航工作人员可发现灯具故障并及时进行维护．从而保障飞机起飞降落的飞行安全，提高机场助航灯光维护的工作效率。     

Review of Airport Surface Movement Radar Technology

Runway incursion is defined by the FAA as "any occurrence at an airport involving an aircraft, vehicle, person or object on the ground that creates collision hazard or results in a loss of separation with an aircraft taking off, intending to take off, landing or intending to land." A summary of how severe this problem is can be found in a 2001 hearing before the Subcommittee on Aviation. Surface movement radar (SMR) technology has evolved over the years as part of an effort to mitigate runway incursion risks and enhance airport capacity. Surface movement surveillance systems of various types have been installed in major airports as early as the 1960s, and have kept evolving. The most recent system currently being deployed in the US by the FAA is the airport surface movement detection equipment model X (ASDE-X) system. In this system, unlike previous systems, the surface movement radar is just one of several sensors that are used in addition to transponder multilateration and GPS-based position reports, referred to as automatic dependent surveillance - broadcast or ADS-B; however, the SMR is a key subsystem. This paper contains an overview of the state-of-the-art SMR technology and provides an introduction on the use of radar technology for this commercial application. It focuses on the architecture, characteristics and technology of the radar sensor, the characteristics of the clutter and how it affects the performance, effects of multipath, automatic detection and comparison of several sensor architectures. Sensis Corporation has recently completed the testing of a new, improved SMR, which is now part of ASDE-X system. This paper summarizes the main features of this radar     

民用飞机机载跑道入侵预警系统仿真验证

民用飞机在低能见度的机场跑道滑行时,存在发生跑道入侵的风险。国内外民航史记载了数次因跑道入侵事件导致的飞机在机场地面相撞而机毁人亡的严重事故。近年来,越来越多的人选择飞机作为长途出行的交通工具,使得全球大型国际机场的年吞吐量剧增,导致跑道入侵事件时有发生。各国民用航空管理组织对跑道入侵事件的关注度持续上升,航空公司需要在机上安装一套地面避撞系统,来避免跑道入侵事件的发生。本验证项目基于某大型机场的动态地图建立了一个机载跑道入侵预警系统原型,建立了飞机在机场滑行的平面四向运动模型,设定了不同安全等级的跑道入侵预警算法,定义了多种飞机跑道入侵场景,最终在MATLAB/Simulink和FlightGear中进行二维平面仿真和三维立体仿真,验证了系统解决方案的有效性和算法的正确性。     

Methods for determining unimpeded aircraft taxiing time and evaluating airport taxiing performance

The objective of this study is to improve the methods of determining unimpeded (nom-inal) taxiing time, which is the reference time used for estimating taxiing delay, a widely accepted performance indicator of airport surface movement. After reviewing existing methods used widely by different air navigation service providers (ANSP), new methods relying on computer software and statistical tools, and econometrics regression models are proposed. Regression models are highly recommended because they require less detailed data and can serve the needs of general per-formance analysis of airport surface operations. The proposed econometrics model outperforms existing ones by introducing more explanatory variables, especially taking aircraft passing and over-passing into the considering of queue length calculation and including runway configuration, ground delay program, and weather factors. The length of the aircraft queue in the taxiway system and the interaction between queues are major contributors to long taxi-out times. The proposed method provides a consistent and more accurate method of calculating taxiing delay and it can be used for ATM-related performance analysis and international comparison.     

RECAT间隔标准的差异性对比与计算分析

尾流是影响机场容量的重要因素之一,在保证安全前提下缩减尾流间隔能增加机场繁忙时刻航空器进离场架次,进而提高机场容量.美国和欧洲提出尾流标准重新分类(RECAT)概念,并在一些机场试运行,取得良好效果.基于国内某机场一周内航空器起降机型架次,将其重新分类,对比在现行ICAO和RECAT标准下的加权尾流间隔,证明在RECAT标准下尾流间隔将会缩减.通过改变不同航空器机型占比,分析机场容量变化,得出机场容量随航空器占比变化明显,对空管安全运行和机场及跑道运行效率提高具有实际参考价值.     

基于自组织神经网络的软件功能测试数据自动生成

针对面向软件功能的测试数据自动生成问题,提出了一种动态自组织特征映射方法,用于生成揭示软件功能故障的测试数据(简称故障数据)。该方法主要有两部分组成,①采用具有全局多峰搜索特性的小生境遗传算法,在输入空间内搜索功能测试数据,生成少量的初始故障数据;②由初始故障数据,采用具有联想和分类能力的可变结构自组织特征映射,不断迭代生成大量相近而不同的故障数据,以便给开发者提供引发这些软件故障的信息,从而确定软件故障行为的模式或假设。用某型空空导弹发射控制软件进行了实验,运行结果表明了方法的有效性,故障数据生成效率高于遗传算法和随机法。     

Radar target classification of commercial aircraft

With the increased availability of coherent wideband radars there has been a renewed interest in radar target recognition. A large bandwidth gives high resolution in range which means target discrimination may be possible. Coherence makes cross-range resolution and radar images possible. Some of the problems of classifying high resolution range profiles (HRRPs) are examined and simple preprocessing techniques which may aid subsequent target classification are investigated. These techniques are applied to HRRP data acquired at a local airport using the Microwave Radar Division (MRD) mobile radar facility It is found that Boeing 727 and Boeing 737 aircraft can be reliably distinguished over a range of aspect angles. This augers well for future target classification studies using HRRPs     

Ranging airport pseudolite for local area augmentation

This paper discusses the integration of an airport pseudolite (APL) into a local area augmented differential GPS based precision approach system. A prototype architecture is described that is being used to develop requirements for the local area augmentation system. Key features of this prototype system are presented along with its current performance. Key features discussed include the use of a multipath limiting antenna, APL signal structure factors, a unique APL automatic gain control, and GPS blanking technique to maximize APL tracking performance, while minimizing the electromagnetic interference to nominal DGPS performance     

涡喷发动机试车原位监测软件设计

通过对多种型号发动机的参数传感器的分析，研制开发了用于外场试车的发动机试车原位监测仪器及配套软件。利用计算机进行数据采集和处理，提高了发动机参数测试精度，可实时监视发动机各个工作状态的性能参数是否正常，提高了发动机故障分析和诊断效率，具有较高的使用价值。     

Aerodynamic Modeling and Parameter Estimation from QAR Data of an Airplane Approaching a High-altitude Airport

Aerodynamic modeling and parameter estimation from quick accesses recorder (QAR) data is an important technical way to analyze the effects of highland weather conditions upon aerodynamic characteristics of airplane. It is also an essential content of flight accident analysis. The related techniques are developed in the present paper, including the geometric method for angle of attack and sideslip angle estimation, the extended Kalman filter associated with modified Bryson-Frazier smoother (EKF-MBF) method for aerodynamic coefficient identification, the radial basis function (RBF) neural network method for aerodynamic modeling, and the Delta method for stability/control derivative estimation. As an application example, the QAR data of a civil airplane approaching a high-altitude airport are processed and the aerodynamic coefficient and derivative estimates are obtained. The estimation results are reasonable, which shows that the developed techniques are feasible. The causes for the distribution of aerodynamic derivative estimates are analyzed. Accordingly, several measures to improve estimation accuracy are put forward.     

珠三角机场群协同发展定位分析

目前我国各区域机场群内各机场功能定位趋同化严重,严重的同向定位导致各机场之间恶性竞争。尤其是地理位置相距较近的机场,旅客有多种选择。各个机场开辟相似的航线结构,都趋于构建大中型航空枢纽。以珠三角机场群为例,从旅客运力的角度构建趋同模型,提出趋同系数评价方法,对各机场进行区分定位。实行梯度定位,使该机场群内各机场之间协同发展,避免不必要的航线网络竞争,同时能够减轻空中交通管理的巨大压力,进一步促进航空运输的良性发展。     

Aircraft traffic management on the airport surface using VHF datalink for CNS

Aircraft traffic management on the airport surface will require the effective utilization of communications, navigation and surveillance (CNS). This paper describes an experiment which provides a glimpse of future automation. The experiment combines precision surface radar, high-accuracy differential GPS (DGPS) position determination, automatic dependent surveillance (ADS), and ground and airborne automation systems able to intercommunicate via a VHF data link. In particular, this paper describes the air/ground communications provided by the VHF Data Link. Two classes of messages are processed: continual and ad hoc. The former include DGPS corrections, ADS messages and target data. The latter include graphical taxi clearances and hold bar set-reset information. The work described in this paper is the result of a cooperative venture among NASA, Westinghouse-Norden Systems and ARINC     

柔性空域结构下连续下降航迹多目标优化

连续下降运行（CDO）是基于航迹运行（TBO）概念的重要组成,对于减少机场终端区燃油消耗和环境影响具有显著效果。简洁、高效和灵活的进场空域,以及高度自动的无冲突节能轨迹规划,是实现高密度终端区连续下降运行的核心要素。设计了一种融合Point Merge理念的新型倒皇冠形进场空域（ICSAA）,规范了新型空域内航空器运行程序,建立了以燃油消耗和飞行时间最小为目标的连续下降进近无冲突四维轨迹优化模型,并选用基于精英保留策略的非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ）进行高效求解。论证了新型柔性空域下连续下降运行轨迹优化具备复杂高密度场景预战术和战术运行性能,对于飞行效率、经济性和空域容量提升具有显著效果,为促进繁忙机场全时段连续下降运行的推广应用提供新视角和新方法。     

磁带记录仪自动计量测试研究

介绍了磁带记录仪自动计量测试的研究设计情况，着重介绍了程控多通道信号选择器及其GPIB接口的设计，简要地介绍了自动测试软件设计情况。     

For aerospace programs,the crises continue

The Legislative Update column reports on President Bush's supplemental budget request for the war in Iraq, the formation of a defense caucus in the House of Representatives, stabilized funding for airport security, the Department of Homeland Security budget, NASA's budget request, funding for NASA's aeronautics program, and NASA's new authorization. NASA's FY04 budget request is $15.47 billion, less than 1% more than FY03. The aeronautics program budget request for FY04 is $959 million, a decrease of 8.5% from FY03. Congress is working to introduce a multiyear authorization for NASA during the 108th session.     

基于Faster-RCNN 的机场跑道异物识别定位技术研究

针对机场跑道异物(FOD) 识别检测，分析了机场跑道环境特性，建立了针对机场FOD图像识别数据库， 提出了一种基于Faster-RCNN 的机场跑道异物识别定位系统，通过无人机系统对机场跑道进行图像采集，运用 Faster-RCNN 算法框架完成异物种类识别，并结合无人机地理位置信息进行位置换算求解，得到机场FOD 的 类别信息和位置信息。经验证，该系统可高效完成机场FOD 检测识别及定位任务。     

飞机轮胎所造成的砂石飞溅数目的计算方法

 飞机在起飞和降落时,由于轮胎的影响所造成的跑道上外来物(FOD)飞溅是个复杂的过程。以砂石为例,介绍了几种典型的砂石飞溅的类型,提供了飞机所能遭遇到的砂石数目和造成飞机结构损伤的概率计算公式。以某型客机为例,根据民用机场的FOD调研报告和国内民用机场跑道的类型,分析了在临界能量下飞机所能遭遇到并能对飞机造成冲击破坏的可能性,为飞机结构抗冲击设计提供一定的依据。