基于知识规则的发动机磨损故障诊断专家系统

针对某型发动机试车状态的磨损故障诊断问题,运用了两种最常用的滑油分析技术——铁谱分析和光谱分析,同时结合发动机试车台监测数据,对该型发动机试车过程中的磨损故障进行专家诊断。首先依据领域专家的经验,通过分析得到了各种分析方法的诊断专家知识,并将其转换为基于if-then的知识规则存放于知识库中;其次,依据各种分析方法的标准磨损界限值,将原始数据进行了预处理,统一转换成故障征兆的字符表达式;最后,根据应用正向推理机得到磨损故障的诊断结果。      

航空发动机滑油综合监控中的磨损故障融合诊断研究

单一的滑油光谱监控手段容易漏报航空发动机磨损故障.根据滑油光谱监控和自动磨粒检测互补的特点,在某型航空发动机上实施滑油综合监控,应用Dempster-Shafer(D-S)证据理论实现发动机磨损故障的融合诊断,并开发出基于上述监控方法和信息融合诊断的滑油监控专家系统.通过对实际诊断案例进行分析,结果表明:提出的滑油综合监控和融合诊断方法可有效解决该型发动机轴承故障预报的难题.      

基于D—S证据理论的航空发动机故障诊断

航空发动机滑油中舍有摩擦副产生的磨损微粒。通过滑油介质中所含磨损微粒中元素的分析．运用Dempster-Shafer证据融合诊断方法,对航空发动机的磨损状态等进行有效的诊断,确定发动机的磨损程度,以及发动机的磨损部位,从而可对发动机的故障排除作参考。在融合过程中提出了先对每个元素的磨损量和磨损率进行融合,再总体融合的方法。针对Dempster—Sharer证据融合的局限,应用了两种改进的融合方法,并进行比较。实例表明,Dempster—Shafer证据融合是一种有效的航空发动机滑油磨损的故障诊断方法。     

基于神经网络和D-S证据理论的发动机磨损故障融合诊断

运用了4种最常用的滑油分析技术——铁谱分析、光谱分析、颗粒计数分析及理化指标分析,同时结合发动机试车台监测数据,提出运用神经网络和D-S证据理论对发动机试车状态进行融合诊断的方法。首先依据各种分析方法的标准磨损界限值,将原始数据进行了预处理,统一转换成故障征兆的布尔值;其次,建立各子神经网络的拓扑结构,并依据专家经验建立各子系统的输入征兆与故障论域的映射关系,从而得到各子神经网络的训练样本,对各网络进行成功训练后,利用神经网络实现各子网络的诊断并得到中间诊断结果;然后,将每种方法的神经网络诊断结果作为对各种故障模式的基本概率分配值,利用D-S证据理论,实现对神经网络的诊断结果的融合,从而得到最终的融合诊断结果;最后,运用算例表明了本文方法的有效性。      

考虑多监测指标不确定性的滑油状态综合评估方法

针对不同油液指标信息的多样性导致油液状态评估结果存在不确定性的问题,基于模糊证据理论方法提出了1 种考虑 油液特征不确定的综合状态评估方法。应用模糊证据理论对油液多指标信息推理导致的不确定性结论进行多指标融合,进而应用 模糊推理算法实现油液状态量化表征,建立了滑油衰变趋势分析模型,并通过实验室环境下的滑油监测数据进行油液状态评估以 验证方法的有效性。结果表明：该方法对监测指标变化趋势矛盾的滑油状态评估有较好的效果,准确性和一致性均高于90%。     

磨粒分析技术及其在发动机故障诊断中的应用

基于显微形态学方法的磨损微粒显微分析技术是近年来出现的解决发动机磨损故障诊断问题的新方法之一。应用形态学分析方法建立一套磨粒显微特征描述体系提取磨粒特征信息,作为磨粒识别的信息基础,可以准确地完成磨粒自动识别。基于发动机润滑系统磨粒分析的结果和颗粒摩擦学理论,比较准确地评估出发动机接触磨损部件的磨损状态,进而诊断或预测此类磨损故障;另外,此项分析诊断技术在发动机气路磨损故障诊断中也具有潜在的应用前景。      

D-S证据理论及其在滑油故障诊断中的应用

结合算例阐述了D-S证据融合理论的基本思想及其改进公式,并应用在航空发动机滑油光谱分析和磨粒分析中,表明D-S证据理论是航空发动机滑油故障诊断中一种非常有效的数据融合方法。     

航空发动机滑油喷嘴尺寸敏感性仿真分析

某型航空发动机滑油系统为全流量供油系统,不设置溢流流路,因此滑油喷嘴的尺寸直接影响滑油系统供油压力的高低。为了研究喷嘴尺寸公差对滑油系统压力的影响的大小,运用FLOWMASTER软件,首先建立了系统喷嘴的部件仿真模型,根据喷嘴流量检查试验压力、温度、流量的要求,仿真计算出各处喷嘴的上限和下限尺寸,喷嘴计算结果通过某台发动机试验数据校核;然后根据得到的喷嘴尺寸,建立滑油供油系统级的仿真模型,计算评估喷嘴的极限尺寸对滑油系统供油压力的影响。结果表明：喷嘴尺寸的极限尺寸公差对滑油系统供油压力的影响在慢车状态达到57 kPa,在地面最大状态可以达到130 kPa,即极限状态下不同批次发动机滑油系统的试车参数范围差异最大可达130 kPa。计算结果对于发动机滑油系统供油压力范围设定、整机试车问题处理具有指导意义。     

发动机磨粒统计分布规律与磨损状态监测研究

根据对 WZ- 6航空发动机等由滑油润滑的机械零件磨损磨粒的显微形态统计研究 ,提出了磨屑尺寸分布的 Weibull分布模型 ,探讨了滑油取样和磨粒采样等随机误差的估计及航空发动机磨损状态监测和故障诊断的方法     

航空发动机滑油光谱专家系统知识库建立

从理论和实际应用两方面对滑油光谱分析故障诊断专家系统知识库的建立进行了较深入的研究和探讨。提出了知识库建立的方法,应用磨损元素浓度与浓度增长率模糊综合评判、模糊聚类的方法定量研究,结合专家经验,较好地解决了故障诊断准确度问题     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.