先驱体转化─热压烧结法制备Cf/SiC复合材料

以Ｙ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＭｇＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３为烧结结助剂体系,研究了烧结助剂体系及其含量对Ｃｆ／ＳｉＣ复合材料密度与动力学性能的影响,结果表明,以Ｙ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ２Ｏ３为烧结助剂时,复合的力学性能优于烧结肋剂为ＭｇＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３时复合材料的力学性能,当烧结助剂为Ｙ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ２Ｏ３时,随着烧结助剂含时的增加,复合材料力学笥能不断提高,断裂韧性在烧结助剂含量为１２％时达到最大值１４．８３ＭＰａ．ｍ＾１／２,进一步增中烧结助剂的含量,复合材料的抗弯强度叶有提高,但断裂韧性急剧降低,烧结助剂含量超过１５％后,抗弯强度也急剧降低,结果同时证明,复合材料的断裂行为取决于纤维／基体间的界面结合强度,即纤维／基体间的界面结合情况是决定纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料力学笥能的关键因素。     

热老化对热障涂层界面力学性能影响及数值计算

针对热生长氧化物（TGO）对热障涂层系统寿命的影响问题,利用大气等离子喷涂（APS）制备氧化钇稳定氧化锆（YSZ）热障涂层,在1 100℃条件下,对热障涂层进行不同时间的热老化试验。采用扫描电镜（SEM）观察并分析涂层的微观形貌,并利用界面压痕法及Almen基片弯曲法分别测量其界面断裂韧性及涂层内部应力,系统研究了TGO对涂层性能的影响规律。与此同时,利用动态热力耦合扩展逐层/实体元（TM-XLW/SE）方法对该问题进行了数值研究,采用扩展逐层方法模拟陶瓷层（TC）/TGO和粘结层（BC）/TGO之间的行为,采用八节点实体单元来构建合金基体,根据热障涂层和基体连接区域的位移、温度协调和内力平衡条件,将热障涂层和基体相互耦合,分析了在热老化作用下TGO厚度演变对热障涂层力学性能的影响规律,将数值结果与试验结论进行了对比分析,为热障涂层失效分析提供更进一步的支撑和佐证。     

等离子喷涂纳米氧化锆涂层性能的试验研究

对纳米氧化锆涂层的力学性能进行了研究,分别测量了纳米氧化锆和微米氧化锆涂层的抗弯强度和断裂韧性,并对两者的性能进行了比较,分析了两者性能差异的原因.     

CeO_2含量对Nd_2Ce_xO_(3+2x)热障涂层性能的影响

采用高温固相法合成了Nd2CexO3+2x(x=2.0,2.25,2.5,2.75,3.0)复合氧化物,在高温合金基体上采用等离子喷涂制备了该材料热障涂层.XRD分析结果表明Nd2CexO3+2x粉末和涂层均为立方萤石晶体结构.考察了CeO2含量对Nd2CexO3+2x的力学性能(弹性模量、维氏硬度和断裂韧性)和等离子喷涂涂层在1250℃抗热震性能的影响.随着CeO2含量增加,材料的弹性模量降低,维氏硬度和断裂韧性提高.通过提高初始粉末中CeO2的含量,获得了组成接近化学计量比Nd2Ce2O7的涂层,涂层的抗热震性能增强,热循环次数达到1000次以上.Nd2CexO3+2x涂层的失效原因主要是:与金属基体之间热膨胀系数不匹配、粘结层氧化和涂层烧结.     

等离子弧激发超声改变陶瓷涂层结构的研究

等离子弧不仅可以作为产热机构,同时可以作为超声发生机构.本文介绍了等离子弧激发超声的特点及其检测.利用不同频率超声等离子弧进行喷涂试验,使用光学显微镜和电子扫描显微镜对制备的氧化锆陶瓷涂层的结构进行了观察,发现超声的加入明显改变了陶瓷涂层气孔的数量、大小、形状和分布,并且不同频率的超声对气孔的影响效果也有明显的不同.文中对不同频率超声对等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层的结构影响的规律及其机理进行了研究.气孔对陶瓷的性能有显著的影响,它使陶瓷的密度减小,并能吸收震动,这是有利的一面;它同时又使陶瓷强度降低,介电耗损增大,电击穿强度下降.这一研究成果将为性能陶瓷涂层的制备提供一条可能的途径.     

控制航空发动机运转间隙的热喷涂封严涂层

介绍了控制航空发动机运转间隙的热喷涂封严涂层的研究和应用，即等离子喷涂聚苯酯／铝硅封严涂层，氧－乙炔焰喷涂六方氮化硼陶瓷封严涂层，以及等离子喷涂钇稳氧化锆陶瓷封严涂层。此外还针对现有的问题提出了今后应开展的研究工作。     

工艺动态

ＣＭ2 47ＬＣ超合金的耐高温腐蚀热障涂层　　德国的Ｉ .Ｇｕｒｒａｐｐａ对燃气涡轮发动机高温零件先喷涂耐腐蚀涂层 ,再喷涂氧化锆基热障涂层 ,以改善其抗氧化性和耐腐蚀性 ,延长零件寿命。在机械加工的直径 10ｍｍ、高 10ｍｍ的ＣＭ 2 4 7ＬＣ超合金试片上 ,用大气等离子喷涂制备各种成分的ＭＣｒＡｌＹ耐腐蚀涂层 ,再在该涂层上喷涂不同厚度的热障陶瓷涂层(8%Ｙ2 Ｏ3稳定的ＺｒＯ2 )。高温腐蚀试验在 90 0℃ ,90 %Ｎａ2 ＳＯ4 + 5%ＮａＣｌ+ 5%Ｖ2 Ｏ5的环境中进行 ,以得出涂层直至破坏的寿命。结果证明 ,热障涂层恶化是由于环境中的钒…     

氧化钇部分稳定氧化锆陶瓷涂层的高温耐久性辨析

氧化钇部分稳定的氧化锆（YSZ）作为热障涂层材料广泛应用于复杂高温工况,其优异的高温耐久性主要由不可相变介稳四方相（t′）所贡献。然而,目前对t′相可靠服役温度上限的界定较为模糊,主流观点仍停留在1200℃左右。基于此,采用大气等离子体喷涂（APS）工艺制备YSZ陶瓷涂层,经不同时效热处理,针对涂层微结构、相组成、烧结收缩和断裂韧性等变化进行分析研究。结果表明,经24 h@1400℃热处理附加7年室温存放后,陶瓷层未见单斜相;300 h@1400℃和300 h@1600℃热处理涂层中单斜相体积分数分别为3.55%和35.41%,且均未碎裂。300 h@1600℃涂层烧结线性收缩率为0.4%。高温时效热处理同时伴随晶粒生长和孔隙愈合,涂层抗折强度和断裂韧性随之增加,因而认为APS YSZ涂层可在1400℃下长时间（～300 h）服役。     

等离子喷涂纳米陶瓷热障涂层组织与性能

采用纳米陶瓷粒子团聚体粉末等离子喷涂制备纳米陶瓷热障涂层,研究了纳米陶瓷热障涂层的组织和性能.试验表明,采用纳米结构的陶瓷涂层有利于增加热障涂层的高温使用寿命.     

液相等离子喷涂纳米ZrO2热障涂层的显微结构及抗热震性能研究

采用液相等离子喷涂技术制备了纳米氧化锆热障涂层。用透射电镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射研究了涂层的晶粒特性、显微结构和晶体结构,同时研究了纳米氧化锆热障涂层的热震性能。结果表明:液相等离子喷涂制备的涂层晶粒约30nm;涂层具备均匀的孔隙结构;涂层热震前后的主相为稳定的四方相晶体结构;涂层的特殊孔隙结构有利于缓解热震循环过程中产生的应力、阻止裂纹的形成和扩散,从而提高了涂层的抗热震性能。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.