捷联航姿传感器的误差补偿标定方法

磁航向传感器作为机载设备,它的工作情况与载体环境的影响有着密切的关系,测得的磁航向角存在着较大的误差,不能直接用来进行导航定位。所以,必须对其进行误差补偿,提高磁航向角的测量精度,才能用于导航定位。罗差是磁阻罗盘的主要误差源,文中介绍了罗差方程式,并重点推导了基于最小二乘法的七参数八位置误差标定方法。基于该方法的磁航向补偿算法的性能试验结果证明,磁航向误差基本维持在0.5°左右,满足了精度的要求。     

P70霍尔推力器新型缓冲腔磁路对预电离及放电的影响

为有效利用从P70霍尔推力器放电通道进入缓冲腔的快电子能量,考虑两个磁场特征以提高缓冲腔预电离率。一是提高磁感应强度,二是缓冲腔内从气体分配器到放电通道方向的负梯度。采用FEMM有限元磁场计算软件,在不改变推力器电离和加速通道内优化磁场特征的前提下,设计的新型缓冲腔磁路满足上述磁场特征。放电实验结果表明,在新型缓冲腔磁路下放电电流低频振荡幅值更小。新型磁路有助于延长推力器寿命,有助于电离和加速通道内电离与加速区的分离。     

舰船磁场模型适用范围研究

目前用于探测定位的舰船磁场模型中应用最为广泛的是磁偶极子模型,但是对于磁偶极子模型的适用观测距离缺乏定量研究。文章利用椭球体模型近似表达实际磁场,通过椭球体模型与磁偶极子模型的仿真比较,对磁偶极子模型的适用观测距离进行定量研究,得出磁偶极子模型的适用条件。     

基于热磁耦合分析的高性能磁屏蔽系统设计

近零磁工作环境是实现无自旋交换弛豫(SERF)原子自旋惯性测量装置的必要条件,但在实际中由于装置内部气室加热和环境温度变化引起的磁屏蔽性能变化是影响系统性能的一个主要因素.基于热-磁耦合理论建立了惯性测量装置的有限元分析模型,对加热条件下磁屏蔽筒内磁场均匀性及其剩余磁场进行了分析.结果表明,气室加热至200℃时,附近温...     

姿态航向参考系统中磁罗盘安装误差补偿研究

在飞行状态下,姿态航向参考系统的航向由磁航姿计算机的姿态和磁罗盘的磁通量算得,由于磁罗盘和航姿计算机在机上有安装误差,使得算出的航向有一定偏差,针对这一问题,文章提出了一种补偿机上磁罗盘安装误差的方法。机上试验表明:该方法补偿了磁罗盘在机上的安装误差,可有效提高磁航向的精度。     

面向室内场景的惯性磁感应定位方法

针对卫星拒止的室内导航问题,在现有磁信标定位技术的基础上,通过分析低频旋转磁场的特点,建立了一种不受传感器姿态和磁信标磁矩信息影响的磁感应矢量夹角观测模型,并结合MEMS惯性导航的误差模型提出了一种以磁感应矢量夹角的正余弦值为量测信息的惯性磁感应动态定位方法,避免了磁传感器姿态误差和磁矩误差对定位结果的影响。利用实验室的双轴磁信标实验系统进行静态测试,验证了磁感应定位模型具有不受传感器姿态、环境中遮挡物以及磁矩影响的特点;通过数值仿真的方式对基于无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)的惯性磁感应定位方法进行验证,结果表明该方法能有效地抑制惯性导航的发散,且位置最大误差小于0.75 m,满足大多数室内场景下的高精度导航定位需求。     

Small-scale solar magnetic fields: An overview

An overview is given of the observational and the theoretical methods used to investigate solar magnetic fields. It includes an introduction to the Stokes parameters, their radiative transfer in the presence of a magnetic field, and empirical techniques used to measure various properties of solar magnetic features, such as the strength and direction of the magnetic field, magnetic flux, temperature, velocity, size and lifetime. The MHD equations are introduced and some of the most common simplifications used to describe solar magnetic features are outlined.The application of these techniques to small-scale magnetic features is surveyed. The results of empirical and theoretical investigations of small-scale solar magnetic features are reviewed. Current views on their magnetic structure, thermal stratification, velocity field, size, distribution and evolution are presented. Finally, some open questions concerning small-scale solar magnetic fields are listed.     

实心转子—电磁轴承系统的损耗分析

当径向电磁轴承中的转子旋转时,转子中将产生涡流。当转子为非叠片结构时,所产生的涡流较大,此涡流将改变电磁轴承气隙回路中的磁场。因此,作用在转子上的磁场力除磁浮力之外,还将作用有切向力,此切向力将产生磁阻尼,引起能量损耗。本文提出了一实心转子—电磁轴承系统的磁场分布模型,给出了相应磁浮力和切向力的计算公式,以实际系统为例,进行了相应计算和损耗分析,并在实际系统上进行了实验。结果表明计算与实验较吻合。      

Influence of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field on the Solar Wind Flow about Planetary Obstacles

The main effects caused by the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) are analyzed in cases of supersonic solar wind flow around magnetized planets (like Earth) and nonmagnetized (like Venus) planets. The IMF has a relatively weak strength in the solar wind but it is enhanced considerably in the so-called plasma depletion layer or magnetic barrier in the vicinity of the streamlined obstacle (magnetopause of a magnetized planet, or ionopause of a nonmagnetized planet). For magnetized planets, the magnetic barrier is a source of free magnetic energy for magnetic reconnection in cases of large magnetic shear at the magnetopause. For nonmagnetized planets, mass loading of the ionospheric particles is very important. The new created ions are accelerated by the electric field related to the IMF, and thus they gain energy from the solar wind plasma. These ions form the boundary layer within the magnetic barrier. This mass loading process affects considerably the profiles of the magnetic field and plasma parameters in the flow region.     

核磁共振陀螺用高均匀磁场线圈设计方法

核磁共振陀螺代表了新一代高精度、微小型陀螺的发展方向之一,随着陀螺体积的降低,磁屏蔽层与磁场线圈随之减小,且二者贴合更加紧密,高导磁性的磁屏蔽层及低导磁性的空气介质交错分布,改变了线圈的磁通路径,导致线圈的磁场均匀性下降,制约了陀螺精度的提高。针对这一问题,提出了磁场等效增益系数,模拟磁屏蔽边界对线圈磁场的影响,据此建立了磁屏蔽边界条件下高均匀磁场线圈模型,优化了线圈参数。对所设计线圈的磁场均匀性进行了测试,表明该设计方法可以得到磁屏蔽边界条件下高均匀磁场线圈,可为发展微小型、高精度的核磁共振陀螺高均匀磁场线圈设计方法提供参考。     

高精度加速度计力矩器磁路的设计与仿真分析

力矩器磁路性能决定了加速度计标度因数的性能,为此利用有限元方法对力矩器磁路的磁通密度进行分析,在此基础上提出了两种结构优化设计方案,并对其进行仿真计算。仿真结果表明,改变导磁帽的形状可以提高气隙磁场的磁通密度的稳定性和均匀性,但导磁帽易出现饱和现象;通过降低磁钢的高度,同时增加导磁帽的高度,既能大幅度的提高磁场的稳定性和均匀性,导磁帽也不会出现饱和现象,但气隙磁场的磁通密度均值会降低37.25%,非线性误差为1.83%,优化后气隙磁场存在着磁通密度稳定（径向均值为0.42868T）和均匀的区域。     

基于LabVIEW的滚轮滑轨磨损故障监测系统

飞机襟、缝翼运动机构中滚轮滑轨的磨损状况对飞机的安全性有很大的影响,为研究滚轮滑轨的磨损情况,基于某滚轮滑轨磨损试验机,Ni WLS-9234数据采集卡和LabVIEW软件开发平台,对滚轮和滑轨相对位移所产生的振动信号进行采集及分析,并开展大量试验,开发了一套磨损故障监测系统。系统采用Remote Panels监控技术、SQL与数据库访问技术、报表生成技术、以及小波分析技术,能够有效地监测磨损故障。     

Reconnective release of magnetic energy in astrophysical plasmas

Two particular examples are considered of astrophysical objects containing a highly conducting tenuous plasma with an excess magnetic energy supplied by an external source. The first example is the solar corona, whose magnetic field is continuously distorted by footpoint shuffling due to photospheric motions. The second case it an extragalactic jet extending from a galactic nucleus with an immersed magnetic field, and which is perturbed by variations in the pressure of the external medium. In both cases it is assumed that the system tends towards its lowest magnetic energy equilibrium via magnetic reconnection, thus providing a fast release of injected magnetic energy. Explicit relations between the characteristics of the external driver and the magnetic energy dissipation rate in these objects have been obtained. The relevance of this mechanism for heating the solar corona and maintaining radio emission from extragalactic jets is then. discussed by comparing these results with observational data.     

Crustal Magnetic Fields of Terrestrial Planets

Magnetic field measurements are very valuable, as they provide constraints on the interior of the telluric planets and Moon. The Earth possesses a planetary scale magnetic field, generated in the conductive and convective outer core. This global magnetic field is superimposed on the magnetic field generated by the rocks of the crust, of induced (i.e. aligned on the current main field) or remanent (i.e. aligned on the past magnetic field). The crustal magnetic field on the Earth is very small scale, reflecting the processes (internal or external) that shaped the Earth. At spacecraft altitude, it reaches an amplitude of about 20 nT. Mars, on the contrary, lacks today a magnetic field of core origin. Instead, there is only a remanent magnetic field, which is one to two orders of magnitude larger than the terrestrial one at spacecraft altitude. The heterogeneous distribution of the Martian magnetic anomalies reflects the processes that built the Martian crust, dominated by igneous and cratering processes. These latter processes seem to be the driving ones in building the lunar magnetic field. As Mars, the Moon has no core-generated magnetic field. Crustal magnetic features are very weak, reaching only 30 nT at 30-km altitude. Their distribution is heterogeneous too, but the most intense anomalies are located at the antipodes of the largest impact basins. The picture is completed with Mercury, which seems to possess an Earth-like, global magnetic field, which however is weaker than expected. Magnetic exploration of Mercury is underway, and will possibly allow the Hermean crustal field to be characterized. This paper presents recent advances in our understanding and interpretation of the crustal magnetic field of the telluric planets and Moon.     

原子磁力仪的空间应用及发展趋势

在太空探索中,磁场测量为很多重要的科学研究提供了数据支撑。空间探测器和磁测卫星均多次采用原子磁力仪作为磁场测量的主载荷,原子磁力仪在空间磁场测量中发挥着不可替代的作用。回顾了用于空间磁场测量的原子磁力仪的发展历程,总结了不同种类原子磁力仪的技术特点,分析了空间应用原子磁力仪载荷的发展趋势。     

航空同步发电机的等效磁路模型

分析了航空同步电机的磁路结构特点，建立了电机的等效磁路模型，由等效磁路的拓扑结构导出其磁位非线性方程，再由磁路欧姆定律及铁磁材料的磁化曲线求出其数值解，计算了电机的空载特性和零功率因数负载特性，与实测结果非常接近。     

基于萤火虫算法的磁信标自主定位方法

传统定位和跟踪应用(如雷达和GPS等)受天气、地域的限制,无法适应室内、地下、水下等应用场合,对此研究了一种低频磁信标定位方法,可穿透土壤、岩石、海水、建筑物和许多其他类型的介质,不受恶劣的天气条件或昼夜变化的直接影响,在许多室内和室外环境中应用十分方便。针对传统磁信标定位存在的问题,分析了分离式磁信标定位的原理,给出了萤火虫算法在磁信标定位中的数学模型,提出了一种基于萤火虫算法的磁信标自主定位方法,该方法适应性更强,更易于工程实现,最后通过仿真和实验验证了该方法的可行性。     

3-D magnetic field and current system in the heliosphere

In this paper a global system of the magnetic field and current from the interaction of the solar wind plasma and the interstellar medium is modeled using a 3-D MHD simulation. The terminal shock, the heliopause and the outer shock are clearly determined in our simulation. In the heliosheath the toroidal magnetic field is found to increase with the distance from the sun. The magnetic field increases rapidly in the upstream region of the heliosheath and becomes maximum between the terminal shock and the heliopause. Hence a shell-type magnetic wall is found to be formed in the heliosheath. Because of this magnetic wall the radially expanding solar wind plasma changes its direction tailward in all latitudes except the equatorial region. Only the equatorial disk-like plasma flow is found to extend to the heliopause through the weak magnetic-field region around the equator. Two kinds of global current loops which sustain the toroidal magnetic field in the heliosphere are found in our simulation.The influence of the 11-year solar cycle variation of the magnetic polarity is also examined. It is found that the polarity of the toroidal magnetic field in the heliosheath switches at every solar cycle change. Hence the heliosheath is found to consist of such magnetized plasma bubbles. The neutral sheets are found to extend between such magnetized plasma bubbles in the 3-D heliosheath in a complicated form. The magnetic-pressure effect on the heliosheath plasma structure is also examined.     

纸基蜂窝模块化固持方法研究

 基于磁场与摩擦学蜂窝芯材料固持原理,提出复杂型面纸基蜂窝零件固持平台的模块化设计思想。运用移动模块、固定模块、模块夹具以及导磁体和隔磁体解决了该原理中磁路控制问题,实现了复杂曲面零件在模块化固持平台上的加工固持。通过理论分析和有限元仿真研究了固持系统中蜂窝孔格的受力,分析了固持系统的特点和可靠性,以及永磁体厚度、固定平台高度、铁粉填充高度和平台间隙对磁场力的影响规律。实验与仿真结果表明,模块化固持平台能够满足复杂曲面蜂窝铣削加工的固持要求。     

三维磁流体动力学管道流动加减速控制数值研究

阐述了磁流体动力学(MHD)控制流场作用机理.在小磁雷诺数条件下,运用数值模拟方法,对不同外加电磁场条件下三维MHD管道流动的流场情况进行研究,得出不同磁场、电场等MHD参数作用下MHD加速器的性能.对MHD加速器的应用前景进行了展望.计算结果显示,电场取6000V/m,磁场为0.92T 情况下,流场的加速性能可达13.46%,并且可以通过减小磁场或增大电场进一步提高加速性能;在仅添加0.92T磁场条件下,速度减速可达16.35%.