Forming and keeping fast fly-around under constant thrust

A new switching control algorithm under constant thrust is designed for the chaser fast flying around the target spacecraft along a specified fly-around trajectory. The switching control laws are obtained based on the acceleration sequences and the on time of thrusters which can be computed by the time series analysis method. The perturbations and fuel consumptions are addressed during the computation of the on time of thrusters. Furthermore, the relative position parameters of the target spacecraft are obtained by using the vision measurement and the target fly-around positions are calculated through the isochronous interpolation method. The change of the relative position and the relative velocity of the chaser during the constant thrust fast fly-around are presented through simulation example. It is proved that, with the switching control laws, the chaser will fast fly around the target spacecraft along the specified fly-around trajectory.     

Constant thrust-V-bar departure under the thruster failure

In this paper, a field-of-view constrained guidance algorithm for -V-bar constant thrust departure under thruster failure is investigated. First of all, the relative position parameters of the chaser are obtained by using the vision measurement and the target departure manoeuvres positions are calculated through the isochronous interpolation method. Then, a new switching control law under constant thrust is designed for the departure manoeuvres. The switching control law is obtained based on the acceleration sequences and the on time of thrusters which can be computed by the time series analysis method. The perturbations and fuel consumptions are addressed during the computation of the on time of thrusters. With the switching control law, the constant thrust-V-bar departure under the thruster failure in the x-axis is carried out by using coupling effects.On the basis of the toolbox of matlab, practical examples for simulation and application are given. The half cone angle of the cone-shaped field-of-view of the target spacecraft is α = 30°, the simulation results show that the proposed guidance algorithm can well satisfy the conditions for the constraints and can make sure the chaser departures from the target spacecraft safely.     

Active collision avoidance maneuver under constant thrust

In this paper, the relative position parameters of the target spacecraft are obtained by using the vision measurement and the target maneuver positions are calculated through the isochronous interpolation method. Furthermore, new switch control laws under constant thrust are designed for active collision avoidance maneuver of the chaser along a specified trajectory. The switch control laws are obtained based on the acceleration sequences and the working times of thrusters in three axes which can be respectively computed by the time series analysis method. The perturbations and fuel consumptions are addressed during the computation of the working times.     

Constant thrust fuel-optimal control for spacecraft rendezvous

In this paper, constant thrust rendezvous is studied and the optimal rendezvous time is calculated by using continuous genetic algorithm. Firstly, the relative position parameters of the target spacecraft are obtained by using the vision measurement and the target maneuver positions are calculated through the isochronous interpolation method. Then, the results of the calculation of constant thrust rendezvous is founded by processing with multivariate linear regression method. Next, a new switching control law is designed based on the thrust acceleration sequence and the on time of thrusters which can be computed by the time series analysis method. The perturbations and fuel consumptions are addressed during the computation of the on time of thrusters.     

Constant thrust collision avoidance maneuver under thruster failure

In this paper, the collision avoidance maneuver under the chaser’s thruster failure in radial direction is investigated. First, based on the vision measurement, the relative position parameters of the target spacecraft are obtained and the target maneuvre positions are calculated through the isochronous interpolation method. Then, by using coupling effects, the thrusters working time intervals can be computed by the time series analysis method. The perturbations and fuel consumptions are addressed during the computation of the thrusters working time intervals. Next, the switching control law under constant thrust is designed for active collision avoidance maneuvres along a specified trajectory.     

基于序列二次规划的推力矢量控制分配方法

  针对使用推力矢量控制的航天器,建立了游动发动机的数学模型,在分析了游动发动机摆角约束的基础上,提出了推力矢量控制分配问题。将该控制分配问题转化成以力矩误差最小和对变轨推力影响最小作为优化目标的多目标优化问题,引入序列二次规划进行求解,得到一种新的控制分配方法。仿真结果表明,该方法能够准确实现期望目标,验证了所提出的控制分配方法的可行性和有效性。     

场发射电推力器的参数选择与调控方法

场发射电推力器具有几种不同的发射模式,分别产生荷质比不同的带电液滴或带电离子,使得不同模式下推力性能差别显著。针对不同的空间应用,需要设计不同种类的场发射电推力器,使其达到相应的推力参数。为此对场发射电推力器的发射过程展开分析,确定了推力参数的调控方法。首先对场发射电推力器的基本工作原理进行了阐述,并对不同发射模式的基础物理机制进行了分析。在此基础上通过理论计算得出采用不同推进剂可达到不同发射模式这一结论,并最终得出推力器性能参数的调控方法,论证了推力性能受到推进剂种类和发射模式的影响,在离子发射模式下处于高比冲、低推力工况,而液滴发射模式下处于低比冲、高推力工况。此外推力参数还受到供给流量、外加电压等多种因素的影响。在得到推力器参数的调控方法后,设计了一种主动供给型离子液体电推力器,以离子液体EMI BF4作为推进剂,进行了相应的试验研究。通过改变外加电压,实现了对推力器推力性能的调控,证实了此调控方法的可行性。推力器达到的推力范围为1.6~10μN,比冲范围为154~978s。     

非线性相对运动方程的分析解

阐述追踪航天器相对目标航天器的运动方程的建立,以线性相对运动方程分析解为基础,推导出非线性相对运动方程分析解,这里目标航天器沿一般椭圆轨道（包括圆）运动,追踪航天顺受常值推力作用或在自由状态下运动。     

Optimization of fault-tolerant thruster configurations for satellite control

The fault tolerance of spacecraft actuators significantly affects the reliability of satellites and the likelihood of successful missions. To enhance the fault tolerance of the actuators, this study derives optimal fault-tolerant configurations of fixed thrusters that maximize the controllability of a fully-actuated or underactuated satellite. The proposed method optimizes thrust and torque directions generated by the thrusters. Thus a cost function in terms of the thruster locations and directions is defined as the summation of the generated control forces and torques with respect to the body-fixed frame. The optimal configuration is obtained by the successive use of an energy potential method that is motivated by Thomson’s problem. Some numerical examples are provided that show the effectiveness of the proposed formulation and optimization method.     

小卫星三轴稳定模式下的有限推力轨道转移

由搭载方式发射的小卫星,通常需要变轨才能进入自己的工作轨道。这种变轨一般由小推力发动机执行,传统的冲量变轨方法存在较大局限性。文章研究了在小推力作用下,小卫星由椭圆停泊轨道进入共面圆工作轨道的点火信息求解方法;给出对地定向三轴稳定模式下和俯仰角偏置三轴稳定模式下的变轨控制仿真结果;提供了对任务设计有参考价值的结论。     

基于遗传编程的航天器有限推力逼近轨迹规划

通过引入基函数的概念,提出了采用遗传编程求解有限推力航天器逼近非合作目标最终逼近段轨迹规划问题的方法。该方法将推力器开关状态定义为基函数,以多个基函数分别乘以开关状态持续时间再求和作为推力器开关的历程函数;将历程函数转换为遗传编程的树型结构,将消耗燃料的质量作为适应度函数,并将规避障碍物和终端逼近精度等约束条件以罚函数的形式添加到适应度函数中;利用遗传编程的模拟自然进化理论的全局寻优机制求解,最终得到最优逼近轨迹方案。某航天器在有限推力下逼近非合作目标的轨迹规划结果表明:整个逼近过程推力器仅开关5次,大大降低了对开关频率的要求,同时,规划结果比采用高斯伪谱法时逼近时间降低了30.09%,燃料消耗降低了4.18%。      

地球静止轨道卫星电推进位保策略研究

研究了利用电推进系统进行GEO卫星轨道保持问题,给出了一种基于日预报的位置保持策略。首先,根据GEO卫星轨道漂移规律,分析了小推力推进系统每日进行位保的可行性;然后,针对四电推力器配置构型,给出了每日轨道误差、各推力器工作时间与区间的预测方法;进一步,针对给定的定点位置,根据位保效果对电推进安装角进行了优化选择,并研究了推力变化对位保效果和燃料消耗的影响。以东经100°定点为例对所给方法进行了仿真验证,数值结果表明:所给策略可有效用于GEO卫星位置保持。     

微小卫星轨道保持的混合切换控制方法

固体微推力器阵列作为一种新型推力装置用于微小卫星轨道保持具有精度高、无燃料泄漏、冲量可调等优点,但是微推力器推力不连续的特点,使得控制系统设计时与以往的连续系统有所不同。为了充分发挥微推力器高精度的特性,采用基于混合系统的切换控制思想,建立了微推力器混合切换系统控制模型。首先,根据固体微推力器的推力特点推导了卫星离散动力学模型;其次,以李雅普诺夫稳定性定律为基础,设计了混合系统脉冲切换控制律;最后,针对小卫星轨道控制进行了仿真验证。结果表明,基于混合系统建立的控制模型能准确反映微推力器的特点,轨道保持精度能达到0.2m,而且推力器消耗量满足卫星长时间在轨运行要求。     

基于高阶LADRC的V/STOL飞机悬停/平移 模式鲁棒协调解耦控制

针对垂直/短距起降（V/STOL）飞机在悬停/平移模式下存在的动力学耦合、推力矢量控制冗余以及易受扰动风影响的问题,提出了一种基于高阶线性自抗扰控制（LADRC）的鲁棒协调解耦控制方法。首先根据V/STOL飞机的概念方案,建立了推力矢量模型和扰动风影响下的非线性悬停/平移运动模型。然后在此基础上,给出了该模式下位置和姿态的协调控制策略,据此通过控制量变换设计了六通道的自抗扰解耦控制律,其中利用LADRC对总扰动的实时估计补偿能力避免了多推力矢量的冗余控制。仿真比较结果验证了LADRC对悬停/平移模式控制的有效性以及对飞机内部参数摄动和外界突风干扰的鲁棒性。      

空间绳系拖拽系统摆动特性与平稳控制

考虑了任务星与废星的姿态运动以及系统组合体的面内外姿态运动,建立了绳系拖拽离轨系统动力学与控制模型,以切向常值推力下绳系拖拽轨道转移为任务过程,分析了任务星在喷气和零动量轮的限制姿态反馈控制条件下飞行时,废星姿态摆动、系统组合体面内外摆动和任务星姿态运动的规律及相互影响关系。采用留位和阻尼控制相结合的系绳张力复合控制方法,并结合任务星姿态控制,确保绳系拖拽转移安全平稳进行。仿真结果表明:常值推力下绳系拖拽轨道转移时,牵挂点偏置诱发的废星姿态周期性摆动会激发绳系组合体的面内外同频率高阶摆动,星体姿态运动是任务星姿态扰动力矩产生的主要因素;采用张力复合控制可有效消除废星姿态摆动并保持星间相对距离,结合任务星姿态控制,可实现离轨过程的平稳与安全,大幅减少任务星的姿控能耗。      

航天器推力器布设对燃料消耗的影响

对航天器六自由度控制的推力分配问题进行了研究,参考卫星导航系统中几何精度衰减因子(GDOP) 的定义,首次提出了推力器构型燃料消耗因子（FCF）的概念,并将此概念用于定义推力器相对几何关系引起的期望控制量与燃料消耗间的比例关系。通过矩阵理论分析得到了燃料消耗因子随推力器数目增加而减少的结论,并通过仿真计算对结论进行了验证。     

Very low thrust station-keeping for low Earth orbiting satellites

Traditional station-keeping for Earth observation satellites with chemical thrusters generally involves maneuvers every couple months that are able to change significantly the semi-major axis and the inclination. These strategies do not scale down to very low thrust level (a few hundreds of μN) electrical thrusters. This paper presents both in-plane and out-of-plane strategies that spread corrections over very long arcs and discretize them to tiny maneuvers every couple orbits, taking into account mission-constraints on maneuvers locations. These strategies scale up to medium thrust strategies, filling the gap between propulsion technologies. The out-of-plane strategy although features a new no-deadband property and controls the full orbital momentum. All strategies allow control very close to the reference (a few hundreds meters in osculating parameters) and very low cost.     

深空探测器在轨推力器参数辨识方法

针对中国首次自主火星探测任务需要,结合环绕器质量特性和推进系统布局构型,分析了喷气卸载对整器角动量的影响。在分析的基础上,通过飞轮卸载前后三轴转速变化规律,计算整器角动量变化情况,并解算出每次喷气时产生的冲量及推力方向偏差;通过同组推力器作用时对各轴的扰动,解算整器质心坐标。利用在轨数据分析了天问一号探测器巡航段6次使用不同推力器的喷气卸载情况,解算的推力器方向偏差、质心坐标和地面设计值进行比对,实测推力方向偏差不超过0.6°,质心绝对偏差小于18mm,验证了计算方法的有效性和正确性,可作为后续轨控任务的点火方向制定、燃料预算的输入依据。     

Motion-planning and pose-tracking based rendezvous and docking with a tumbling target

Rendezvous and docking (RVD) with a tumbling target is challenging. In this paper, a novel control scheme based on motion planning and pose (position and attitude) tracking is proposed to solve the pose control of a chaser docking with a tumbling target in the phase of close range rendezvous. Firstly, the current desired motion of the chaser is planned according to the motion of the target. In planning the desired motion, the “approach path constraint” is considered to avoid collisions between the chaser and the target, and the “field-of-view constraint” is considered to make sure the vision sensors on the chaser to obtain tight relative pose knowledge of the target with respect to the chaser. Then, the difference between the chaser’s motion and the desired motion is gradually reduced by a pose tracking controller. This controller is based on the non-singular terminal sliding mode (NTSM) method to make the tracking error converge to zero in finite time. Since the chaser nearly moves along the desired motion and the motion is reasonable, (1) it could safely arrive at the docking port of the target with a suitable relative attitude, (2) it will be always suitably oriented to observe the target well, and (3) the magnitude of the needed control inputs are less than that in existing literatures. The numerical results demonstrate the above three advantages of the proposed method.