主动寻的末制导的截获性能分析

研究了雷达指令修正惯导中制导加主动寻的末制导的复合制导体制下,雷达定位误差造成的导引头天线指向角误差和多普勒定频误差的统计特性,计算了末制导的截获概率,明确了不同因素对截获性能的影响。     

Relative targeting architectures for captive-carry HIL missilesimulator experiments

Captive-carry electronic warfare (EW) tests evaluate the response of hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) missile seekers to an actual environment (test-range) including the presence of electronic attack. This paper describes a relative targeting architecture that displays the test-range results in geodetic coordinates using only the sensors available on board the captive-carry platform (GPS, INS, seekers). To derive the target position in geodetic coordinates, a lever-arm correction process is described that determines the position of each seeker and the corresponding pitch and yaw of the simulator. Combining the positional parameters of the seeker with its targeting variables, the seeker track point is displayed in geodetic coordinates, A track tagging algorithm is presented to identify the true target from the EW disruption using the drift angle from the inertial navigation system (INS), To eliminate the scintillation noise present in the track image, a Kalman filter in sensor coordinates is applied to the targeting variables allowing optimization of the track tagging. Experimental results from a recent EW field test using antiship cruise missile simulators are shown to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach for determining EW effectiveness in near real-time. Targeting accuracy is also quantified by comparing the derived target position with the true Global Positioning System (GPS) test-range position of the ship in the absence of electronic attack     

小型无人机的导航与制导仿真系统研究

研究了基于飞行器动力学模型的小型无人机的惯性组合导航与制导系统仿真技术,组合导航系统嵌入了飞行器的轨迹和姿态控制回路,建立了基于MATLAB/AEROSIM的组合导航计算机仿真系统,仿真系统包括惯性组合导航仿真模块、传感器仿真支持模块、飞行器6自由度动力学模型模块、飞行器轨迹生成、轨迹控制与姿态控制模块、导航仿真评估模块。基于该仿真系统,目前已开展惯性/卫星深组合、惯性/大气数据融合等理论算法和技术研究。     

Design and Development of a Real-Time DSP and FPGA-Based Integrated GPS-INS System for Compact and Low Power Applications

Emphasis of the present work is on an elegant real-time solution for GPS/INS integration. Micro-electro mechanical system (MEMS) based inertial sensors are light but not accurate enough for inertial navigation system (INS) applications. An integrated INS/GPS system provides better accuracy compared with either INS or GPS, used individually. This paper describes an improved design and fabrication of a loosely coupled INS-GPS integrated system. The systems currently available use commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and are, therefore, not optimized for compact, single supply, and low power requirements. In the proposed system, a digital signal processor (DSP) is used for inertial navigation solution and Kalman filter computations. A field programmable gate array (FPGA) is used for creating an efficient interface of the GPS with the DSP. Direct serial interface of the GPS involve tedious processing overhead on the navigation processor. Therefore, a universal asynchronous receiver transmitter (UART) and dual port random axis memory (DPRAM) are created on the FPGA itself. This also reduces the total chip count, resulting in a compact system. The system is designed to give real time processed navigation solutions with an update rate of 100 Hz. All the details of this work are presented.     

New low cost avionics with INS/GPS for a variety of vehicles

Development of a new vehicle avionics suite is described, including integration of a low-cost, tightly-coupled integrated Inertial Navigation System/Global Positioning System (INS/GPS) to support vehicle guidance, navigation, and control (GN&C). A wide variety of next-generation low-cost launch vehicles could potentially benefit from integrated INS/GPS technology for GN&C and/or range safety applications. Coleman Aerospace Company (CAC) has developed a new low-cost avionics suite, the generic Integrated Mission Guidance & Tracking System (IMGTS), an open architecture, modular system that supports the requirements for various guidance applications and range safety tracking. As part of this development, Boeing North American, Inc. is supplying its Modular Miniature Integrated GPS/INS Tactical System (M-MIGITS^TM) Military-Off-The-Shelf (MOTS) INS/GPS product to support CAC's IMGTS GN&C     

Enhanced space integrated GPS/INS (SIGI)

Safe, reliable, and low cost space-based navigation is being provided with embedded INS/GPS systems such as the space integrated GPS/INS (SIGI). The SIGI is being used for various space vehicle applications such as launch vehicles, orbital vehicles, and re-entry vehicles. This paper describes current space vehicle navigation capabilities. The SIGI is being enhanced to provide additions to these existing capabilities with such items as higher processing and a commercial-off-the-shelf operating system. This will allow hosting of various software applications such as advanced navigation functions, flight control, guidance and vehicle management algorithms. The SIGI can host redundancy management functions by incorporating a cross channel data link card (CCDL) using a high speed firewire bus. The SIGI can then be used as a redundancy management platform which has application to current space vehicle avionics topologies incorporating distributed processing architectures     

无导引头也无惯导导弹的协同制导

为了在不依赖导弹间实时通信与导弹绝对位置信息的情况下实现无导引头也无惯导导弹的"发射后不管",考虑为无导引头也无惯导导弹安装两个捷联探测器,从而可对有导引头导弹上的两个特定目标点进行探测。在此基础上,针对静止点目标分别采用一般的负反馈控制方法以及有限时间收敛原理设计了2种协同末制导律,并针对静止面目标采用动态逆控制设计了1种协同末制导律。上述协同制导律均可在有导引头导弹命中目标前实现无导引头也无惯导导弹的速度方向指向其攻击目标,而此后无导引头也无惯导导弹只需要作直线运动即可命中其攻击目标。仿真结果验证了上述协同制导律的有效性以及优势。     

GPS Aided Inertial Navigation

The Global Positioning System is an extremely accurate satellite-based navigation system which, after its completion in 1989, will provide users worldwide, 24 hour. all weather coverage. A joint research project among Boeing, Rockwell-Collins, and Northrop has been completed in which a GPS receiver was integrated with a low-cost strap-down inertial navigation system and a flight computer. A Kalman filter in the latter allows in-fight alignment and calibration of the INS. In addition, feedback from the INS to the GPS receiver improves the system's ability to reacquire satellite signals after outages. The resulting system combines the accuracy of GPS with the jamming immunity and autonomy of inertial navigation. System tests were conducted in which a Boeing owned T-33 jet aircraft was flown through known test pattern to align and calibrate the INS. Earlier tests, including tests against an airborne jammer, were conducted in a modified passenger bus.     

一种弹目遭遇点预测方法

为充分利用舰空导弹中制导段所获信息并减小导弹中制导段的弹道曲率,给出一种弹目预测遭遇点的解算方法,并据此设计比例导引制导律。在初始发射坐标系中,假设目标由当前位置以当前速度大小沿当前速度方向匀速运动至遭遇点,导弹由当前位置以当前速度大小按照一定的导引规律匀速运动至遭遇点。在该假设条件下,导弹到达遭遇点的总航路大小一方面...     

纯惯导中制导误差分析

针对洲际弹道导弹,在分析加速度计测量误差和陀螺漂移误差对导弹视加速度影响的基础上,给出了中制导段惯性系统对速度和位置的误差传递模型,对给定的惯组误差系数偏差进行了纯惯性导航制导误差计算。仿真结果表明,纯惯导中制导对洲际导弹落点精度影响比较大。该算法可用于纯惯性中制导方案设计。     

Online INS/GPS integration with a radial basis function neural network

Most of the present navigation systems rely on Kalman filtering to fuse data from global positioning system (GPS) and the inertial navigation system (INS). In general, INS/GPS integration provides reliable navigation solutions by overcoming each of their shortcomings, including signal blockage for GPS and growth of position errors with time for INS. Present Kalman filtering INS/GPS integration techniques have some inadequacies related to the stochastic error models of inertial sensors, immunity to noise, and observability. This paper aims to introduce a multi-sensor system integration approach for fusing data from INS and GPS utilizing artificial neural networks (ANN). A multi-layer perceptron ANN has been recently suggested to fuse data from INS and differential GPS (DGPS). Although being able to improve the positioning accuracy, the complexity associated with both the architecture of multi-layer perceptron networks and its online training algorithms limit the real-time capabilities of this technique. This article, therefore, suggests the use of an alternative ANN architecture. This architecture is based on radial basis function (RBF) neural networks, which generally have simpler architecture and faster training procedures than multi-layer perceptron networks. The INS and GPS data are first processed using wavelet multi-resolution analysis (WRMA) before being applied to the RBF network. The WMRA is used to compare the INS and GPS position outputs at different resolution levels. The RBF-ANN module is then trained to predict the INS position errors and provide accurate positioning of the moving platform. Field-test results have demonstrated that substantial improvement in INS/GPS positioning accuracy could be obtained by applying the combined WRMA and RBF-ANN modules.     

平流层飞艇升降阶段BPNN惯性导航算法

软式平流层飞艇艇体在上升和下降时经常呈堆叠状态,GPS信号会被艇体间歇性遮挡,因而只能采用惯性导航。为保证在飞艇上升和下降过程中,INS/GPS组合导航系统在被艇体遮挡GPS时仍能够提供满足精度要求的导航信息,设计了一种改进的反向传播神经网络(Back Propagation Neural Network, BPNN）惯性导航算法。采用神经网络,根据惯性导航系统在1s内的速度均值和姿态变化量,预估其在1s末的位置误差和速度误差,并对惯性导航结果进行修正。仿真实验和跑车试验结果表明,在GPS失效的30s内,新算法使得位置误差低于15m,速度误差低于0.7m/s,误差相比纯惯性导航降低了85%。     

捷联制导旋转弹制导信息提取研究CSCD

以捷联式半主动激光导引头为研究对象,研究其应用在旋转弹上制导信息的提取方法。根据坐标转换关系得到旋转弹惯性系视线角解耦模型,由于导引头和速率陀螺仪具有测量误差特性,直接解耦得到的制导信息会产生较大的误差。基于视线角解耦模型的非线性,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)的方法对测量信息进行滤波处理,估计出目标的位置,从而得到捷联式半主动激光导引旋转弹的制导信息。将扩展卡尔曼滤波方法与α-β滤波方法进行对比分析,得到扩展卡尔曼滤波方法对捷联式半主动激光导引旋转弹制导信息的估计精度更高,收敛更快。     

Empirical virtual sliding target guidance law design: an aerodynamic approach

We present a novel empirical virtual sliding target (VST) guidance law for the midcourse phase of a long range surface-to-air missile that uses the simplicity of the conventional proportional navigation (PN) guidance law while exploiting the aerodynamic characteristics of a missile's flight through the atmosphere to enable the missile to achieve superior performance than that achieved by conventional PN guidance laws. The missile trajectory emulates the trajectory of an optimal control based guidance law formulated on a realistic aerodynamic model of the missile-target engagement. The trajectory of the missile is controlled by controlling the speed of a virtual target that slides towards a predicted intercept point during the midcourse phase. Several sliding schemes, both linear and nonlinear, are proposed and the effect of the variation of the sliding parameters, which control the sliding speed of the virtual target, on the missile performance, are examined through extensive simulations that take into account the atmospheric characteristics as well as limitations on the missile in terms of the energy available and lateral acceleration limits. Launch envelopes for these sliding schemes for approaching and receding targets are also obtained. These results amply demonstrate the superiority of the proposed guidance law over the conventional PN law.     

对GPS／INS制导巡航导弹GPS干扰方法的探讨

目前GPS/INS制导已成为精确制导武器的核心。本文根据GPS信号特点及GPS/INS制导机理,通过对压制干扰和欺骗干扰技术及其对GPS接收机影响的分析,着重探讨对GPS/INS制导巡航导弹GPS干扰的方法。若要提高对GPS/INS制导巡航导弹实施远距离干扰的效果,而又使干扰机功率不是很大,则需建立多层次、分布式、立体式、小功率GPS干扰体系。     

Synthesis and test issues for future aircraft inertial systemsintegration

A survey is presented of the potential benefits, possible pitfalls, and anticipated testing needs of integrating inertial guidance systems with systems dependent on the availability of the electromagnetic spectrum. Commonly referred to as integrated communications, navigation, and identification avionics (ICNIA), these systems of the future offer the combined potential for superb positioning and secure communications. The general characteristics (if current development trends continue) of the next-generation inertial navigation systems (INS) are briefly presented, followed by key modular and conceptual issues in the synthesis of this INS with systems dependent on the EM spectrum. Modular issues as considered here are those related to detailed implementation and resulting efficiency. Conceptual issues are those related to overall military strategy and resulting effectiveness. An example of modular systems integration is given, and a few preparations which can be anticipated for the field testing of integrated systems are presented, followed by concluding comments     

中远程空空导弹弹载数据链战技指标研究

分析了中远程复合制导空空导弹中制导过程中弹载数据链的工作原理,并建立了中制导过程中的导弹运动模型、目标机动模型、导弹中制导导引律模型以及中末交接班模型。采用了不同的更新频率对中制导过程进行了仿真,从而得出弹载数据链允许的最低更新频率。     

协同制导导引头最大指向角误差分析

在协同制导条件下,建立了导引头最大预定指向角误差模型,分析了各种因素对协同制导条件下导引头最大预定指向角误差的影响。结果表明,雷达测角误差和系统时延是影响协同制导中末交班导引头最大指向角误差的主要因素。     

惯性导航系统仿真试验研究

惯性导航系统是通过测量加速度自动推算飞机速度和位置数据的自主式导航设备,其作用是保证飞机按预定的航线飞行,准确地抵达目的地。在航空电子设备试验中,采用惯导仿真器可以减少测试的复杂性,而且还能获得更好的动态效果。本文介绍了惯导系统功能控制逻辑和显示画面的验证方法,同时还介绍了仿真器的软件编制技术。