三维坑湍流分离流动的粘流／无粘流干扰计算

本文对坑的三维分离流动做了低速粘流与无粘流的相互作用计算。对三维边界层反方法进行了分析和讨论。用数值试验的方法验证了在H和α作为已知量的情况下,三维边界层反方法的积分方程是双曲型的,并提出了一种近似数值特征线法进行求解。无粘流采用低速位流面元法。计算表明所用方法可计算出三维效应很强(即横向变化很大)的三维边界层分离流动。     

Box法用于三维边界层计算的数值稳定性分析

本文对 Box法用于三维边界层计算的数值稳定性做了 Neumman分析,并借助于数值计算,证实了目前公认的一些稳定性问题和三维边界层计算中所发现的现象,得到了一些有参考价值的结论。      

高精度数值方法在DNS中的应用

利用不同格式模拟扰动波在平板边界层中的传播,考察了格式对T-S波传播过程计算结果的影响。研究了不同计算格式对自由剪切层扰动波增长的影响,结果表明:对于二维扰动波模型,采用二阶精度格式,扰动波在平板边界层中只能出现衰减的结果;在自由剪切层中,虽然能模拟出扰动波在传播过程中幅值的增长,但却在相当长的计算范围内看不见三维波的出现。但对于同样的扰动模型,如果采用高精度格式,在边界层中能出现增长的T-S波,并与线性理论非常吻合;在自由剪切层中,扰动波不仅迅速增长,并能在不很长的距离内,明显的看到三维波的出现,并激发出了三维结构。      

弯曲进气道三维边界层预测

本文研究了弯曲进气道内三维可压缩湍流边界层的预测方法。采用非正交曲线坐标系中三维边界层积分方程,并引入掺混系数微分方程,用滞后掺混法求解,数值方法为预估-校正法,用三次样条函数解决了离散数据的插值、求导的精度问题。所编程序可在微机上运行。实例计算清楚地揭示了弯曲进气道内强横向流动对边界层发展的影响,计算所得的进气道总压恢复系数与实验值的误差为1～2％。     

用粘性／非粘性相互作用法求解机翼跨声速分离流

提供了一种计算机翼的跨声速绕流的粘性／非粘性相互作用的计算方法,包括无粘流场计算,混合边界层计算及两者之间的相互作用,其中三维混合边界的计算包括了层流边界层,转捩区,湍流边界层和分离流的积分方法计算了,特别是在靠近分离的区域采用边界层反方法计算,无粘流场由全速势方程计算得到,通过粘流无粘流耦合迭代求得了Ｍ６机翼跨声速绕流的收敛解,与实验结果比较,吻合得较好,本方法能够计算出激波诱导分离泡和后缘分离     

计算实际机翼湍流边界层流动的积分法

本文采用一种拟坐标变换掺混方法,计算任意外形机翼的三维边界层流动,亦适用于边界层外流为位流或非位流情况。对C-5A机翼的计算结果表明,该方法具有同微分方法可以比拟的计算精度。并分析了在亚音速情况下粘性对机翼升力和力矩的干扰影响。     

高超声速三维边界层横流转捩的数值研究

横流失稳是高超声速三维边界层转捩的主要机制。然而到目前为止,由横流失稳导致高超声速三维边界层转捩的数值研究还不多见。本文采用直接数值模拟方法计算了马赫数6、后掠角45°钝板边界层中定常横流涡的演化,在此基础上引入高频二次失稳模态,计算了二次失稳模态的非线性演化,直至湍流发生。计算结果表明:横流定常涡的非线性作用引起平均流修正,可使壁面摩擦系数曲线有一定程度的抬升。而高频二次失稳波的增长导致低频及定常扰动快速增长,促使壁面摩擦系数急剧抬升,同时饱和横流涡结构破碎,最终触发转捩发生。     

后掠翼可压缩三维边界层稳定性计算

采用可压缩线化稳定性理论对后掠机翼的层流边界层稳定性进行了计算研究。对三维边界层中三维扰动波的可压缩稳定性方程组特征问题采用相关两步格式求解。与常用的初值法相比,具有不需预估特征值和快速收敛的特点。为得到渐近边界条件的准确表达式,导出了外边界上方程的解析解,这对精确的特征值计算和分析至关重要。为避免出现伪不稳定模态,选择了合适的稳定性方程组形式。最后,通过层流控制机翼和自然层流机翼的算例,研究了后掠翼上典型Tollmien-Schlichting(T-S)型扰动和横流(C-F)扰动稳定性问题,其结果与已有计算结果符合甚好。     

考虑粘性相互作用的跨音速机翼分析

本文将一些已有的三维全位势方程计算方法和一种三维积分边界层方法作了弱相互作用的耦合计算。计算了三种机翼并与已有的试验数据作了比较。     

机身边界层控制研究

对带壁面抽吸的三维可压缩机身边界层控制进行了计算研究。采用了非正交曲线坐标系边界层方程,通过修改矢量流函数关系式,将壁面法向速度转变成为控制方程的一个可调参数,从而消除了边界条件与方程未知参量之间的非线性耦合;所发展的横向分段推进数值技术,可用于计算横流速度在横向多次反号的复杂边界层流动;设计不同的壁面抽吸系数分布,以研究边界层控制对多种边界层特性的影响。结果表明:壁面抽吸对边界层的控制效果是显著的,合理的抽吸分布能有效地减小机身阻力。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。