SIS/LPB/PAn导电橡胶复合物

采用原位聚合法,在SIS(苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物)/LPB(液体聚丁二烯)橡胶基体中合成PAn(聚苯胺),形成单面导电的导电橡胶复合物.研究了基体聚合物交联度、苯胺、氧化剂用量和聚合反应时间等几种主要反应条件对复合物导电性的影响.导电层中PAn含量只有6.1%,导电面电导率就可达5.5S/m.该复合物的电导率:①随基体聚合物的交联度的增大而减小;②随苯胺用量的增大而增大;③随氧化剂用量的增大先增大后减小.      

航空用油介质和NaCl溶液中钛合金电化学特性

采用动电位扫描法研究了Ti-6Al-1.5Cr-2Zr钛合金在3#煤油和928滑油等高阻值油介质中的电化学极化特性.对于该新型钛合金电极在这2种航空油介质中自腐电位、极化电阻、腐蚀电流等电化学参数和相应的极化规律进行了研究.采用浸泡试验研究了该钛合金在3#煤油和928滑油中的腐蚀行为.结果表明钛合金在油介质中无明显腐蚀.对钛合金电极在高阻值油介质中电化学特性进行比较,研究了其在3.5%NaCl水溶液中的电化学行为,该钛合金电极在水溶液中的自腐蚀电位为-0.18V,在极化曲线上钝化区为0.27~1.24V,致钝电位为0.23V,致钝电流密度为0.31×10-4A/cm2.      

模拟地球同步轨道辐照环境对光学太阳反射镜性能的影响

研究了模拟地球同步轨道辐照环境对卫星用温控涂层-光学太阳反射镜(OSR)性能的影响。对所研制的两类OSR 片进行的辐照试验项目有,真空紫外辐照、低能电子和两种能量的质子辐照。此外还进行了等离子体环境条件下的表面充/放电效应试验。经过相当于安装在地球同步轨道卫星南北极位置处,在空间七年所受到的电子、质子和紫外辐照总剂量的辐照后,导电型OSR 的太阳光谱吸收率α_s 由0.068增加到0.078,法向发射率ε_n 由0.83降低到0.72;而非导电型OSR的α_s 由0.066增加到0.085,ε_n 由0.82降低到0.76。表面充/放电试验的结果表明:导电型OSR 的充电电位仅在15～40V 之间,而非导电型OSR 的充电电位则可高达13kV。因此导电型OSR能有效地控制表面的充/放电现象。     

密闭空间内氢气和二氧化碳甲醇化系统的非均相模型及反应特性

在载人密闭空间内通过电解水方式为乘员供氧会产生副产物氢气（H₂）。此外,乘员还呼出二氧化碳（CO₂）。将H₂和CO₂催化合成甲醇（CH₃OH）是消除载人密闭空间内富余H₂和CO₂的最优方式之一。对其开展反应过程建模及反应特性研究有助于进行反应过程的控制,更好地维持载人密闭空间内的大气平衡。本文采用微元法建立了H₂和CO₂催化合成甲醇的物料计算模型和温度一维非均相模型,研究了不同反应压力、冷却介质温度以及入口反应气体中CO₂与CO比值等反应条件下的反应特性变化规律。结果显示,反应压力的增加、冷却介质的温升以及入口气体中CO₂与CO比值的减小均能促进各反应速率增加,进而使得H₂和CO₂消除量增加、甲醇合成率上升以及催化剂和反应气体最高温度上升。在保证反应速率增加且催化剂最高温度不超过合理反应温度区间的最大值573.15 K时需维持反应压力不大于8 MPa,冷却介质温度不高于538.15 K以及CO₂与CO比值不小于1。      

电离对高超声速热化学非平衡气动热环境的影响

高超声速飞行,激波后高温气体会发生电离,飞行器气动热环境复杂。5组元（N₂,O₂,NO,O,N）、7组元（N₂,O₂,NO,O,N,NO+,e-）和11组元（N₂,O₂,NO,O,N,N₂+,O₂+,NO+,O+,N+,e-）热化学反应采用Gupta化学反应模型,分别数值研究电离作用对高超声速热化学非平衡气动热环境影响。本文分析了不同催化壁面条件下,高超声速热化学非平衡电离流场气动热环境特性。电离作用对激波离体距离和气动力载荷的影响很小。5组元热化学非平衡不考虑电离作用,流场温度和壁面热流密度偏大。11组元热化学平衡强电离流场温度最低;7组元热化学非平衡弱电离流场NO+和e-生成量过低;11组元热化学反应能对热化学非平衡电离流场气动力和热流密度载荷可靠预测。壁面催化作用会增大壁面热流密度,但它对高超声速热化学非平衡电离流场温度和气动力载荷的影响很小。      

曲靖地区电离层多参数变化特征

利用电波环境观测网曲靖站电离层垂直探测仪数据（2008－2018）,分析了该站电离层多参数（包括f_min,f₀E_s,h'E_s,f₀E,f₀F₁,f₀F₂,h'F,MUF(3000)F₂等）随太阳活动、季节、地方时的变化特征。结果表明,f_min,f₀E_s,h'E_s随太阳活动变化不明显,f₀E,f₀F₁,f₀F₂,h'F,MUF(3000)F₂与太阳活动变化具有相关性,f₀F₂经常发生日落增强现象,同时各自具有独立性;与拉萨、乌鲁木齐地区f₀F₂,h'F,f₀E_s变化特征对比,发现地方时与月份变化趋势相同,但是极值出现的位置有所不同,这可能与各地区的地理纬度和地形等因素有关;h'F夜间大于白天,在日出日落时段有突然上升现象,冬季的h'F一般都小于其他季节;MUF(3000)F₂与f₀F₂的变化特征相似,白天值高于夜晚值,春秋分季高于夏冬季,太阳活动高年日落后MUF(3000)F₂一直维持较高值并持续到03:00－04:00 LT。      

Photochemical growing of complex organics in planetary atmospheres

UV induced syntheses of organic compounds from the main atmospheric constituents can be a very important source of organics in a given planetary environment provided the atmosphere is in a reduced state. The evolution of a CO₂ rich medium only produces very low yields of formaldehyde and related oxygenated compounds. Considering a CO rich atmosphere, the photochemical yield of O-organics formation is much higher, when the synthesis of N-organics remains difficult. The most favourable atmosphere as far as photochemical organic synthesis is concerned is a CH₄ rich milieu.. The photochemical evolution of such a CH₄ atmosphere under UV irradiation leads to a chain of various organics, the complexity of which increases together with the number of pathways involved in their formation. Their complexity also closely correlates with their UV photoabsorption spectrum: the more complex they are, the more shifted is their UV spectrum toward the visible range. Direct photodissociation of methane requires UV photon of wavelengths shorter than about 145 nm. It mainly produces ethane which absorbs UV at wavelengths shorter than about 160 nm, and acetylene, that presents an absorption spectrum extending up to 200 nm. This shift still continuously increases with further increase in number of C atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons with 4 and more C atoms have UV absorption characteristics including noticeable band structures in the 250–300 nm range. This trend has very important implication in the photochemical behaviour of a CH₄-rich planetary atmosphere, as it induces many catalytic processes. The occurrence of such processes is closely related to vertical atmospheric and energy deposition profiles. Titan provides a very good example of such a UV-directed organic atmospheric chemistry.     

大面质比空间碎片在太阳光压和引力作用下的轨道演化

分析了较高轨道(a > 10000km)大面质比空间碎片的轨道动力学演化问题. 重点讨论了位于地球同步轨道的空间碎片轨道演化问题, 并给出轨道偏心率 随时间演化的表达式. 通过进一步分析得出, 倾角大于63°26'的GTO轨 道空间碎片, 仅在J₂和第三体摄动影响下, 会出现轨道偏心率升高; 而对 于大面质比空间碎片, 在J₂项和太阳光压同时作用下, 当近地点指向的角 变率与太阳平黄经变化率接近时, 会出现长期共振现象, 导致轨道偏心率升 高, 近地点降低. 分析还得出, 轨道演化过程中, 偏心率的最大值与初始轨 道近地点的指向有关.      

气相色谱法定量分析氧气中气体杂质方法研究

为寻找一种能够有效检测氧气中微量气体杂质的方法,采用配有氢火焰离子化检测器的气相色谱仪分析氧气中的微量气体杂质,研究了分析氧气中CO、CO₂及C₂H₂等气体杂质的操作参数,确定了氧气中微量气体杂质的分析方法,验证了该方法的可行性,该分析方法各组份分离效果良好,各种杂质组份定量精确度较高。     

Effect of ion dynamics on the evolution of electron phase-space holes

The evolution of two-dimensional (2D) electron phase-space holes (electron holes) has been previously investigated with electrostatic Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations, which neglect ion dynamics. The electron holes are found to be unstable to the transverse instability, and their evolution is determined by the combined action between the transverse instability and the stabilization by the background magnetic field. In this paper, the effect of ion dynamics on the evolution of an electron hole is studied. In weakly magnetized plasma (Ω_e < ω_pe, where Ω_e and ω_pe are electron gyrofrequency and plasma frequency, respectively), the electron hole is still unstable to the transverse instability. However, it evolves a little faster and is destroyed in a shorter time when ion dynamics is considered. In strongly magnetized plasma (Ω_e > ω_pe), the electron hole is broken due to the lower hybrid waves, and its evolution is much faster.      

A Prediction Method for△f0F2min of a Single Station From Interplanetary Parameters Based on Statistical Study

Using 86 CME-interplanetary shock events,the correlation between the peak values of （a） the solar wind parameters(B_z,E_y,P_dyn) and the geomagnetic indices（SYM-H,ASY-H,Kp）, （b） the coupling functions（Borovsky,Akasofu,Newell） and the geomagnetic indices,（c） the solar wind parameters/coupling functions/geomagnetic indices and the ionospheric parameter(Δf₀F_2min), are investigated.The statistical results show that in group（a）,B_{z min} and SYM-H_min have the best correlation,that in group（b）,the best correlation is between the peak values of Akasofu function (A_min) and SYM-H_min,and that in group（c）,the best correlation is between K_pmax andΔf₀F_2min. Based on the statistical results,a method for predicting f₀F₂ of a single station is attempted to be set up.The input is modified B_{z min} and the outputs are SYM-H_min andΔf₀F_2min.Then 25 CME-IPS events that caused geomagnetic storms in 1998 and 2009 are used to check the prediction method. The results show that our method can be used to predict SYM-H_min andΔf₀F_2min.     

释放不同化学物质对电离层扰动的比较

在电离层F区释放氢（H₂）、水（H₂O）、二氧化碳（CO₂）、六氟化硫（SF₆）、三氟溴甲烷（CF₃Br）、羰基镍（Ni（CO）₄）可以损耗局域等离子体电子密度,形成电子空洞,电离层电子密度的改变主要取决于释放物质的气态分子与电离层之间的离子化学反应.在电离层人工主动扰动实验中,应根据发射成本和扰动效果对释放物质进行选择.通过热力学原理和有限元模拟方法计算比较了上述6种物质对电离层的扰动影响.计算结果表明,6种物质中水的气化率最低,约为19%,其余5种物质都在60%以上,选择密度小的物质,例如H₂和CO₂,可以有效降低发射成本.另外,扩散较慢且化学反应较快的物质,例如SF₆和Ni（CO）₄,能够使得电离层电子密度减少得更多,并且受扰动区域更广、持续时间更长.     

On the possible detection of solid O2 and O3 interstellar grains with ISO

In various models of interstellar grain chemistry, solid O₂ is formed by accretion as well as by surface reactions on grains. In dense molecular cloud models, at a later stage of the evolution, the O₂ molecule may become a substantial grain mantle constituent. Since IR dipole vibrational transitions for the homonuclear diatomic molecule O₂ are forbidden, the abundance of this potentially important grain mantle component can not be determined. However, embedded in a dirty ice matrix, the fundamental vibration of O₂ at 1550 cm⁻¹ becomes observable at 10 K, due to interactions with surrounding molecules, which break the symmetry of molecular oxygen. This process might be applicable for the dust mantle environment of interstellar grains. We have studied the role of solid O₂ and O₃ in astrophysically relevant ice mixtures and discuss the possible detection of solid O₂ and its major photolysis product O₃ in interstellar grains, in dense molecular clouds. Both molecules represent a specific target to be observed by the ISO satellite in the near future.