基于神经网络的体视PIV空间标定模型

体视粒子图像测速（SPIV）中的空间标定精度对SPIV的测试结果精度有较大影响。为研究标定模型对输入误差的处理能力,定义了一个无量纲参数——误差衰减系数,来评判空间标定模型对误差的响应。在此基础上针对SPIV两相机空间标定的误差产生和传播特性,发展了一种基于神经网络的且具有联合标定能力的SPIV空间标定模型。使用仿真实验手段,证实了该神经网络模型在很大的参数空间内均具有对输入误差的抑制能力,而传统的多项式模型或小孔模型并不具备这一能力;此外,神经网络模型在高光学畸变情况下的表现也优于多项式模型及小孔模型。因此,神经网络具备替换传统空间标定模型的能力,有助于提高SPIV的测量精度。最后在实验中证实了神经网络标定模型的空间定位误差仅为传统模型的1/4。     

Constrained adaptive neural network control of an MIMO aeroelastic system with input nonlinearities

A constrained adaptive neural network control scheme is proposed for a multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) aeroelastic system in the presence of wind gust, system uncertainties, and input nonlinearities consisting of input saturation and dead-zone. In regard to the input nonlinear-ities, the right inverse function block of the dead-zone is added before the input nonlinearities, which simplifies the input nonlinearities into an equivalent input saturation. To deal with the equiv-alent input saturation, an auxiliary error system is designed to compensate for the impact of the input saturation. Meanwhile, uncertainties in pitch stiffness, plunge stiffness, and pitch damping are all considered, and radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are applied to approximate the system uncertainties. In combination with the designed auxiliary error system and the backstep-ping control technique, a constrained adaptive neural network controller is designed, and it is pro-ven that all the signals in the closed-loop system are semi-globally uniformly bounded via the Lyapunov stability analysis method. Finally, extensive digital simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme towards flutter suppression in spite of the integrated effects of wind gust, system uncertainties, and input nonlinearities.     

基于扰动观测器的三相逆变电路改进型模型预测控制

经逆变电路并网的分布式发电系统中,为了解决传统模型预测控制(MPC)在电路参数变化时系统动态响应不佳的问题,在ABC三相坐标下,提出一种基于扰动观测器(DOB)的改进型模型预测控制(AdMPCDOB)方案,对被控电流进行两步预测,同时采用多重比例谐振(PR)调节器作为MPC的前馈补偿,消除预测电流的周期性误差,并提高对特定次谐波的抑制能力。考虑到电路参数变化和不确定扰动对系统造成的影响,采用电感电流扰动观测器对MPC输入信号进行精确观测。理论分析和仿真试验表明,所提改进型控制方案能够有效提高逆变器输出电能质量,降低并网电流总谐波畸变率(THD)。     

运载火箭电动伺服机构前馈自抗扰控制方法的设计

运载火箭伺服机构是火箭的执行机构,在工作过程中不仅要求伺服机构具有较好的阶跃响应和力矩抗扰性能,还要求伺服机构能够较好地跟踪箭载计算机发送的位置随动指令。常规的自抗扰控制(ADRC)建模时,将输入的微分量近似为0,使得输入时变信号时会产生建模误差,该误差无法通过扩张状态观测器(ESO)进行观测并补偿,导致系统的跟踪误差较大。针对常规自抗扰控制对时变信号跟踪误差较大的问题,提出了一种将位置输入微分前馈(PIDF)引入自抗扰控制的前馈自抗扰控制方法。通过理论推导和建模仿真得知,该方法可降低系统对正弦输入信号的跟踪误差并提高系统的动态特性,同时仍具有较强的抗干扰性能。最后通过试验验证了该方法的有效性。     

Image Correlation with Geometric Distortion Part II: Effect on Local Accuracy

The effect of geometric distortion on the local accuracy of the image registration algorithms using cross correlation is presented. Using a probabilistic model describing images as homogeneous random patterns, expressions for the mean and covariance of the local error vector in terms of image and noise autocorrelation functions, geometric distortion, and reference image area are derived. The geometric distortions considered are those represented by an affine transformation of image coordinates. It is shown that for a fixed geometric distortion there is an image size (integration area) that minimizes the local error. The optimum area decreases with increasing geometric distortion.     

Aircraft Power System Harmonics Involving Single-Phase PFC Converters

AC-DC converters with active power factor correction (PFC) are replacing uncontrolled diode rectification circuits on commercial jet airplanes in order to meet harmonic distortion limits imposed by new airborne electrical system power quality standards. The high line frequency of airborne AC power systems presents a major challenge for the design of PFC converters capable of meeting these standards. This paper investigates a new source of harmonic current distortion and the resulting system power quality problems related to dynamic interactions between PFC converters and the AC source. Experimental results are first presented to demonstrate the existence of such interactions and their effects on system power quality. Analytical and numerical simulation results are then presented to explain why such dynamic interactions can lead to significantly increased harmonic current distortion in steady state operation. Elimination of undesirable system interactions through proper damping of the PFC converter input filter is also presented and its effectiveness experimentally validated.     

应用于航空变频电源系统的新型串沥混合有源滤波器

 目前变频交流(AC)电源系统开始逐渐应用到新型多电飞机(MEA)中,传统有源滤波器无法满足宽输入频率变化要求,为此需要设计一种适合于宽变频航空电源系统的有源滤波器。本文研究了一种应用于航空变频电源系统的新型串联混合有源滤波器(SHAPF),该有源滤波器直接根据基波电流进行补偿,针对各种频率输入均能起到较好的抑制谐波作用。讨论了这种新型SHAPF的变频谐波抑制原理,给出了该滤波器的控制系统详细设计过程,包括基于双数字信号处理器（DSP）的控制平台设计和逐点动态检测基波电流的算法设计,最后进行了样机实验,对比了加入滤波器前后系统输入电流实验波形和谐波分析,加入滤波器后系统输入电流总谐波失真度（THD）由174.00%变化至4.80%,滤波效果良好;在360 Hz,400 Hz和720 Hz不同输入频率进行了滤波实验,验证系统在宽变频输入条件下均具有良好控制性能,满足航空变频输入时输入功率因数校正要求。     

AC/DC converter topologies for the Space Station

A new class of AC/DC converter topologies (Type-1 converters) is described, suitable for use in an advanced single-phase sine-wave voltage, high-frequency power distribution system, of the type that was proposed for a 20 kHz Space Station primary electrical power distribution system. The converter comprises a transformer, a resonant network, a current controller, a diode rectifier, and an output filter. The input AC voltage source is converted into a sinusoidal current source using the resonant network. The output of this current source is rectified by the diode rectifier and is controlled by the current controller. The controlled rectified current is then filtered by the output filter to obtain a constant voltage across the load. Three distinct converter topologies, Type-1A, Type-1B, and Type 1-C, are described, and their performance characteristics are presented. All three types have a close-to-unity rated power factor (greater than 0.98), low total harmonic distortion in input current (less than 5%), and high conversion efficiency (greater than 96%)     

总体最小二乘法在NGMIMU静态解耦中的应用

无陀螺惯导系统的线性耦合是一种严重影响测量精度的系统误差。根据无陀螺惯导系统的耦合特性和总体最小二乘法 (TLS)的性质提出了一种全新的线性解耦算法 ,该算法在解算耦合系数时同时考虑了加速度计的输出误差和标定信号的输入误差 ,得到耦合系数的TLS解对输入值和输出值同时具有范数最小 ,然后用求得的耦合系数对加速度计输出进行重构 ,从而实现解耦。仿真结果表明经该算法解耦后的角速度测量值解耦误差率在 8%以下 ,解耦效果较好 ,验证了该算法的有效性。     

Modeling and analysis for the GPS pseudo-range observable

In this paper, a digital system for the Global Positioning System (GPS) pseudo-range observable is modeled and analyzed theoretically. The observable is measured in a GPS receiver by accurately tracking the pseudorandom noise (PRN) code phase of the input GPS signal using a digital energy detector and a digital delay lock loop (DDLL). The following issues are presented: (1) mathematical modeling of the digital PRN code acquisition and tracking system, (2) the closed-form expression derivation for the detection and false-alarm probabilities of the acquisition process and for the variance of code phase tracking error, and (3) the linear and nonlinear performance analysis of the DDLL for optimizing the receiver structures and parameters with tradeoff between the tracking errors due to receiver dynamics and due to input noise     

产生标准失真源的方法

介绍了失真的测量原理和产生标准失真源的方法；介绍了失真度测量仪自动测试系统，并对测量装置的误差进行了分析。     

The Calculation of Frequency-Modulation Distortion in Linear Networks

A numerical method is developed for the calculation of steady-state FM distortion in a linear passive network from the character of the FM signal input and the steady-state transfer characteristics of the network. The method of calculating FM distortion requires the solution of a finite set of linear equations which is accomplished readily by a digital computer. To illustrate the use of the method, the FM distortion introduced by a Chebyshev-response bandpass filter is calculated for a range of network and input signal parameters.     

Compensators for Bandpass Nonlinearities in Satellite Communications

The characteristics of optimum compensators for bandpass non-linearities are described. A predistortion compensator to reduce the nonlinear phase and envelope distortion at the output of a traveling-wave tube (TWT) is developed, and a possible implementation as a simple network of power law devices in cascade with the input to the TWT is given. The overall compensated characteristic of the TWT approximates that of a piecewise linear limiter with a small phase shift. A computer simulation shows that the compensated system yields 0.3 to 0.5-dB improvement in performance of a 2-phase coherent phase shift keying (CPSK) system over the uncompensated system.     

非稳态挤压刚-粘塑性有限元分析中的误差估计和双重网格技术

 本文在刚-粘塑性有限元法中,应用误差估计和双重网格技术,并通过所设计的前后处理程序,有效和直观地模拟了管材非稳态挤压过程,用计算机绘出了分析网格和材料网格的变形图以及应变等值线图。     

On the Acquisition Time for an Apollo Ranging Code

An Apollo ranging system is considered whose phase reference is obtained by a phase-locked loop for bit synchronization. The bit phase reference is noisy, and the error probability for the ranging code is shown to depend on the input signal energy per bit to noise density ratio. The procedure of computing the acquisition time for the ranging code is then presented and the acquisition time for a lunar ranging code is plotted versus the input signal-to-noise density ratio.     

Docking control for probe-drogue refueling: An additive-state-decomposition-based output feedback iterative learning control method

Designing a controller for the docking maneuver in Probe-Drogue Refueling (PDR) is an important but challenging task, due to the complex system model and the high precision requirement. In order to overcome the disadvantage of only feedback control, a feedforward control scheme known as Iterative Learning Control (ILC) is adopted in this paper. First, Additive State Decomposition (ASD) is used to address the tight coupling of input saturation, nonlinearity and the property of NonMinimum Phase (NMP) by separating these features into two subsystems (a primary system and a secondary system). After system decomposition, an adjoint-type ILC is applied to the Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) primary system with NMP to achieve entire output trajectory tracking, whereas state feedback is used to stabilize the secondary system with input saturation. The two controllers designed for the two subsystems can be combined to achieve the original control goal of the PDR system. Furthermore, to compensate for the receiver-independent uncertainties, a correction action is proposed by using the terminal docking error, which can lead to a smaller docking error at the docking moment. Simulation tests have been carried out to demonstrate the performance of the proposed control method, which has some advantages over the traditional derivative-type ILC and adjoint-type ILC in the docking control of PDR.     

An approach for machining distortion measurements and evaluation of thin-walled blades with small datum

Inspection techniques for aero-engine blades are a hot topic in industry. Since these blades have a sculptured surface and a small datum, measurement results may deviate from an actual position. There are few proper approaches compensating for non-uniform distribution errors that are within specified tolerance ranges. This study aimed to develop a meshing structure measur-ing approach for the distortion of blades via non-contact optical 3D scanning. A rough measure-ment and a registration procedure are initially adopted to rectify the coordinate system of a blade, which avoids the initial coordinate system errors caused by the small datum. A measurement path with meshing structure is then unfolded on the blade surface. For non-uniform distribution errors, the meshing structure measurement is more visual and clear than the traditional constant height curves method. All measuring points take only 7 min to complete, and the distribution of error is directly and accurately presented by the meshing structure. This study provides a basis for future research on distortion control and error compensation.     

Power factor correction circuits with robust current control technique

A dynamically robust current control method to synthesize a sinusoidal input current for AC-to-DC converters with boost type topology is presented. Under this control strategy, the inductor current and the diode current of the boost converter are fed back and combined in a special way which makes the input current of the AC-to-DC converter stable and robust. The input current is solely determined by the reference current. When the reference current signal is derived from the sinusoidal input voltage, the input current is sinusoidal and in phase with the input voltage. Theoretical analysis is first provided. Small signal analysis shows that the current loop is inherently stable and has a fast dynamic response. Large signal analysis reveals that the control system is not affected by large disturbances in supply voltage or output load. Computer simulations have been carried out and experimental prototype models have been built to verify the analysis and demonstrate the feasibility of the control strategy. A power factor of 0.998 and a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 3.18% are measured.     

传递对准中载舰挠曲变形和杆臂效应一体化建模与仿真

 针对舰载机惯导系统大方位失准角传递对准的非线性问题,根据舰载机在载舰上的实际停放情况,引入舰载机标称坐标系,并综合考虑载舰挠曲变形和杆臂效应的影响,建立挠曲变形和杆臂效应加速度一体化模型,完善舰载机惯导系统大方位失准角传递对准线性化模型。采用“速度+角速度”组合匹配算法的滤波模型,对固定安装失准角和挠曲变形角进行了估计。结果表明,该模型在舰载机大方位失准角传递对准时可以满足对准精度和时间的要求。     

Analysis of a Class of Nonlinear Sampled-Data Systems with a Gaussian Input Signal

The problem treated here is the analysis of a class of nonlinear sampled-data systems with a Gaussian input signal. The nonlinear element is a symmetrical limiter (memoryless device) that feeds the linear element. Preceding the limiter is a sampler and zero-order hold unit for data reconstruction. The analysis is predicated on finding an equivalent gain for the nonlinear element such that the mean-square error is a minimum. The nonlinearity is thus replaced by a linear component and the system is then analyzed by conventional techniques. It is also shown that for appropriate sampling rates the sampled-data system is equivalent to a continuous system due to the action of the sampler-hold combination. All calculations pertaining to the limiter input signal require the use of a transfer function that is interior to the feedback loop. However, in developing this transfer function, the overall system is considered so that the system output may be evaluated after the value of equivalent gain has been found.