Sharp Boundaries of Solar Wind Plasma Structures and an Analysis of Their Pressure Balance

This work is devoted to studying the sharp boundaries of small-scale structures of the solar wind according to the data of measurements with high time resolution onboard the INTERBALL-1 satellite and simultaneous measurements of the WIND spacecraft. Such issues as the character of change of various plasma and magnetic field parameters on these boundaries, the duration of boundary passage and the balance of the total (thermal plus magnetic) pressure on the boundaries of the structures are considered. On the basis of the vast statistical material available, the typical conditions in the solar wind are investigated, in which such sharp boundaries are observed.__________Translated from Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 43, No. 3, 2005, pp. 163–170.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Riazantseva, Khabarova, Zastenker, Richardson.     

Interaction of Phobos with the Solar Wind Plasma

The interaction of Phobos with the solar wind is considered both theoretically and using the experimental data of the FGMM magnetometer that were obtained in the course of the Phobos-2mission. It is demonstrated that the ions serving as a source of excitation of magnetosonic waves can be accumulated around Phobos. Examination of the magnetometer data has shown that the observed effects of a local decrease of the magnetic field near the Phobos orbit correspond to magnetosonic waves. Observation of these effects depends on the geometry of an experiment.     

Variations of Protons and Doubly Ionized Helium Ions in the Solar Wind

Cosmic Research - We investigated variations on scales of 104–105 km and local spatial inhomogeneities in the density of protons Np, doubly ionized helium ions (α-particles) Nα, and...     

Methods of Separating an Adiabatic Component in Storm-Associated Flux Variations of the Ion Ring Current

On the basis of an invariant representation of ion spectra with > 0.1 keV/nT, new methods of separation and quantitative analysis of the adiabatic component of storm-associated variations of fluxes of ions in the geomagnetic trap from the satellite data are developed. The regularities of adiabatic variations of flux ratios for different ion components, associated with their spectra scaling laws, are considered.     

航天、宇航和光障(上)

每一个人都为过去半个世纪航天事业的辉煌成就和目不暇接的科学发现感到振奋。自然科学各学科和技术科学本身都感受到它的影响、挑战和冲击。从1957年前苏联发射第一颗人造卫星、1961年苏宇航员进入太空以后的40多年来,航天技术突飞猛进,新成就和新纪录层出不穷,牵动了社会各界     

航天、宇航和光障(下)

空间监测数据表明,太阳系内空间微粒较多,大于1厘米的碎粒每平方米每年碰到1个的概率为10-6(见图1)。为防止与小行星或彗星相撞,飞船上应装有预警雷达,预先发现和改变轨道,避免直接碰撞。当飞出小行星带(5天文单位)和凯珀带(500天文单位)以后,这种撞击概率比过去估计的要小得多     

烷烃类羧酸分子在铝(111)表面吸附性的密度泛函研究

本文采用密度泛函方法(DFT),针对烷烃类羧酸分子在洁净铝(111)表面上的吸附结构,进行优化性计算分析。计算结果表明,随着分子烷烃链的增长,分子链间范德华式的相互作用效果也日益明显,将会影响这些分子在铝(Al)表面上的吸附稳定性。因此,弄清楚烷烃类羧酸分子(缓蚀剂)在铝(111)表面上所形成的单分子层薄膜的机理,将有助于人们在工艺加工过程中,优化缓蚀剂在铝材料表面上的吸附设计。     

Io Volcano Observer (IVO): Budget travel to the outer Solar System

The IVO mission would make multiple close encounters with Io while orbiting Jupiter in an inclined elliptical orbit. The payload includes narrow-angle and wide-angle cameras (NAC and WAC), dual fluxgate magnetometers (FGM), a thermal mapper (ThM), dual ion and neutral mass spectrometers (INMS), and dual plasma ion analyzers (PIA). The mission is designed to answer key outstanding questions about Io, especially the nature of the intense active volcanism and internal processes that drive the volcanism. IVO can collect and return 20 Gb of compressed science data per Io encounter, 100 times the total Io data return from the 8yr Galileo tour.     

Local Radiation Belts of the Sun (Quasi-Stationary Coronal and Heliospheric Giant Traps for Solar Cosmic Rays)

The local radiation belts of the Sun are defined as giant quasi-stationary coronal and heliospheric traps for solar cosmic rays. These traps are formed by loop magnetic fields, both solar and interplanetary. Using observational data, some experimental examples of the local radiation belts of the Sun are considered. The hypotheses on the origin of energetic particles in the outer heliosphere and on the local radiation belts of the Sun are discussed.     

硝基化合的热力学性质的估算（1）

硝基化合物是常用的含能材料，其生成热的估算具有重要的意义。本文根据次级基团加积法和原理，提出了硝仿基的基团生成热值各种情况下邻位和间位硝基之间相互作用的能量修正值，应用这些值牟脂肪族硝基化合物的生成热进行了估算，取得了满意的结果，其拟合方程的回归系数达到０．９９７０。     

硝基化合物热力学性质的估算(Ⅰ)

硝基化合物是常用的含能材料,其生成热的估算具有重要的意义.本文根据次级基团加和法的原理,提出了硝仿基的基团生成热值及各种情况下邻位和间位硝基之间相互作用的能量修正值;应用这些值对脂肪族硝基化合物的生成热进行了估算,取得了满意的结果,其拟合方程的回归系数达到0.997 0.     

Spatial–Temporal Characteristics of Large Scale Disturbances of Electron Density Observed in the Ionospheric F-Region before Strong Earthquakes

The spatial dimensions and temporal dynamics of large scale disturbances of electron density in the ionospheric F-region during the preparatory phase of destructive earthquakes are estimated. The most appropriate data (as far as the moments of satellite passages are concerned) were selected out of more than 300 investigated cases. In order to demonstrate effects at different latitudes, the cases of high-latitude (Alaska), mid-latitude (Central Italy), and low-latitude (New Zealand) earthquakes were considered. Using the data of external vertical sounding of the ionosphere performed by the Alouette-1 and Interkosmos-19 satellites together with the data of vertical sounding of the ionosphere by ground-based instruments, we get for the first time with reasonable accuracy the spatial characteristics of precursors in the ionosphere. It is shown that seismic ionospheric disturbances are strongly time-dependent before the beginning of the main shock. Seismic ionospheric disturbances are generated weakly several days before the first shock, but at that moment the disturbed region is located not above the epicenter, but rather a little displaced from it. As the moment of the earthquake approaches, the disturbance covers more and more space; moreover, its value also increases. Several hours after the shock the disturbance migrates in the reverse order. Under some conditions, the disturbances may appear not only above epicenter regions. They can be transferred along the magnetic field lines into conjugate regions in the opposite hemisphere.     

Using the Very Large Array (VLA) and other radio telescopes to perform a parasitic Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI)

This paper describes several attempts to utilize various radio telescopes in a manner that we term "parasitic," that is in a manner that does not interrupt or seriously impact the standard astronomical observing programs in progress at the radio observatories. In the extreme case, only recorded astronomical data are accessed off-line, after the fact, without any burden on the observatory at all.     

用离子束辅助蒸发工艺镀制高性能硫化锌红外增透膜

介绍了用离子束辅助蒸发工艺在高折射率锗（Ge）基片上镇制的高性能硫化锌（ZnS）红外增透膜（也称红外减反射膜）及其工艺的研制，通过与常规热蒸发工艺镀制的硫化锌增透膜的性能相比较，证实了离子束辅助蒸发技术对提高硫化锌红外增透膜的光学特性、膜层品质及改变薄膜的结构和应力状态有良好的效果。试验表明用该技术镀制高性能硫化锌红外增透膜能满足长寿命、高可靠卫星红外地球敏感器的使用要求。