基于差分递减权系数的加权Q控制图

Q控制图的异常检出时间远长于参数已知时控制图的异常检出时间,对此提出了一种加权Q控制图方法.基于单容量样本度量和多容量样本度量,分别给出了相应算法,对算法的正确性给出了数学证明.加权Q控制图方法根据差分递减的权系数构造加权Q控制图的Q统计量,随后对该Q统计量使用Q控制图进行异常分析.仿真结果表明:加权Q控制图的异常检出时间短于Q控制图的异常检出时间,且与参数已知时的控制图的异常检出时间相差不大,综合考虑实用性和检测灵敏度这两个指标,加权Q控制图优于Q控制图和参数已知时的控制图.     

配置压电自感作动器智能板振动的主动控制

将板的横向位移按模态展开,对配置压电自感作动器的薄板建立了模型,给出以广义模态坐标为状态变量的状态方程和以传感电流为输出的观测方程,在此基础上,对系统进行了LQG控制和H_∞控制.文中对配置3对压电自感作动器的四边简支薄板结构做了数值仿真,将H_∞控制结果与LQG控制做了比较,绘制出干扰 ω与广义模态速度v 之间传递函数的H₂范数图,同时给出速度、位移响应图,所需作用电压图.仿真结果说明本文的控制方法是有效的.     

基于比例危险-比例优势模型的加速寿命试验设计

将基于信息的优化方法引入基于非参数模型的加速寿命试验优化设计中,针对恒定应力和步进应力两种应力加载方式,分别给出了基于比例危险-比例优势模型的试验优化设计方法.通过对数似然函数建立Fisher信息矩阵和方差-协方差矩阵,并采用基于信息的优化方法建立最优化问题.这种试验优化设计方法可以有效地提高模型参数评估精度,并且避免了传统的优化方法(即将一个与可靠性相关的函数的渐进方差在一个给定区间内的积分值作为优化目标)当目标函数中给定的积分区间变化时将得到不同优化结果的局限.最后给出了应用该方法进行加速寿命试验优化设计的仿真实例.     

一种二维来波方向估计的快速ESPRIT算法

提出了一种快速ＥＳＰＲＩＴ算法,使用该算法和两平行均匀线阵可实现二维来波方向的快速估计,快速ＥＳＰＲＩＴ算法复协方差矩阵中不受噪声影响的子块来估计来波方向,避免估计整个协方差矩阵和噪声功率,减少了特征分解的次数,大幅度地降低了运算量,而参数的估计性能接近ＰＲＯ－ＥＳＰＲＩＴ算法,最后给出了计算机仿真结果,表明了该算法的有效性。     

利用Toeplitz特性改善来波方向估计性能

提出一种利用协方差矩阵的Ｔｏｅｐｌｉｔｚ特性,使估计的协方差矩阵成为Ｔｏｅｐｌｉｔｚ矩阵的方法,在低信噪比短数据流情况下,改善来波方向（ＤＯＡ）估计的性能,且不需增加乘法运算量．对ＭＵＳＩＣ算法和ＰＲＯＥＳＰＲＩＴ算法进行了分析并作了计算机仿真,仿真结果表明：利用Ｔｏｅｐｌｉｔｚ特性后,ＭＵＳＩＣ算法谱峰幅度增大,波谷相对波峰的深度增加,这将有利于目标的分辨;并可减小低信噪比情况下ＭＵＳＩＣ算法和ＰＲＯＥＳＰＲＩＴ算法ＤＯＡ估计的方差．     

MEWMA控制图ARL计算及参数优化

平均运行链长(ARL)是控制图性能评价的一个重要指标,深入研究ARL是控制图参数优化、性能评价和实际应用的重要工作.在采样数据标准化处理的基础上,应用马尔可夫链进一步研究了多元指数移动平均(MEWMA)控制图中ARL计算的数学模型,采用Matlab实现了算法,就算法的收敛性及计算结果进行分析.以ARL为优化指标,给出了MEWMA控制图参数优化的具体步骤、计算实例和参数优化结果.      

时频信号的非参数加窗稀疏协方差迭代分析法

针对多分量非平稳时频信号的分析，提出了一种非参数加窗稀疏协方差迭代分析（Sparse Iterative Covariance-based Estimation，SPICE）法。该方法通过引入局部化的窗函数，并在窗内对信号建立非参数化的时频模型，以获取非平稳信号的局部时频特性。分析表明：给出的非参数时频模型，可通过加权最小二乘（Weighted Least Square，WLS）进行求解。当将WLS的加权矩阵的构建问题转换为广义噪声协方差矩阵时，提出的模型也可借助于加窗SPICE方法来进行求解。分析和仿真均表明：与传统方法相比，提出方法具有噪声抑制能力强、能量集中度高和对于载频差异较小信号的分离效果佳等优点。     

一种修正的马氏距离判别法

马氏距离判别法是一种基于马氏距离的多元统计分析方法,其引入了协方差矩阵的逆矩阵,以排除属性变量的量纲及变量之间的相关性对距离度量的干扰。然而,在属性变量存在严重的多重共线性时,样本协方差矩阵的奇异性会影响其逆矩阵估计的稳定性,从而降低马氏距离判别法的有效性。为此,提出了一种修正的马氏距离判别法,采用了一般交叉验证(GCV)方法,在属性变量间存在高度相关性的情况下,选择预测效果最好的变量维度,同时可以对协方差矩阵的逆矩阵进行稳定的估计。修正的马氏距离判别法可以得到可靠的协方差矩阵的估计,提高模型的判别准确率;也可以抵抗样本外的扰动,提高模型的泛化能力。仿真实验结果验证了在属性变量存在严重的多重共线性情形下,修正的马氏距离判别法的判别效果较经典的马氏距离判别法有明显的提升。      

考虑随机干扰的高超声速滑翔飞行器轨迹优化

为解决高超声速滑翔式飞行器具有干扰不确定性的再入轨迹优化问题,提出了一种基于广义正交多项式方法的随机轨迹优化数值求解方法。针对随机干扰,基于广义正交多项式方式对其分布进行采样,形成采样空间,而后将每个采样值代入确定性轨迹优化问题中进行反复迭代求解,得出观测值的样本空间,并计算其期望、方差和协方差,估计输出值。以最大纵程为代价函数对具有随机干扰的高超声速滑翔式飞行器最优轨迹进行了数字仿真。仿真结果表明,基于广义正交多项式的随机轨迹优化方法能够有效处理随机干扰对轨迹优化问题的影响,与蒙特卡洛法相比计算效率大大提高。     

单形空间中多元成分数据的Fisher判别方法

首先,基于Aitchison单形空间成分数据运算法则,提出成分数据向量的代数体系,其中包括成分数据向量的加法、数乘、减法、内积、范数以及距离等定义.在此基础上,根据Fisher判别分析原理,建立多元成分数据的线性判别函数,以及利用距离判别的思想,根据待判样本投影点的得分与各类中心投影点的均值之间的距离,对待判样本进行归类建立判别规则,从而提出一种针对多元成分数据的判别方法.最后,通过仿真方法及实际案例验证该方法的有效性.给出的成分数据向量的代数体系为将其他多元统计方法推广到多元成分数据奠定了基础.     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。