Input-Filter Design for Switching Regulators

The interaction between the input filter and the control loop of switching regulators often results in detrimental effects, such as loop instability, transient response, and audio-signal-rejection rate, etc. A small-signal average model is derived to investigate these effects. Design constraints of an input-filter and switching-regulator system are formulated. An optimum low-pass and light-weight filter configuration is proposed.     

Adaptive Input Filter Compensation for Switching Regulators

An input filter is frequently employed between a switching regulator and its power source. However, its presence often results in degradation of dynamic performances and stability. The detrimental interaction is between an input filter and a switching regulator and is a function of the input filter parameters and also of the supply voltage. An earlier paper presented an analysis and design procedure aimed at developing a feed-forward loop to cancel this undesirable interaction. The feed-forward design is extended here to encompass a scheme that automatically accounts for changes in the supply voltage; the result is an adaptive compensation that tracks the input voltage variations. Experimental results are presented that confirm the adaptive nature of the design.     

Transverse Oscillations of Coronal Loops

On 14 July 1998 TRACE observed transverse oscillations of a coronal loop generated by an external disturbance most probably caused by a solar flare. These oscillations were interpreted as standing fast kink waves in a magnetic flux tube. Firstly, in this review we embark on the discussion of the theory of waves and oscillations in a homogeneous straight magnetic cylinder with the particular emphasis on fast kink waves. Next, we consider the effects of stratification, loop expansion, loop curvature, non-circular cross-section, loop shape and magnetic twist. An important property of observed transverse coronal loop oscillations is their fast damping. We briefly review the different mechanisms suggested for explaining the rapid damping phenomenon. After that we concentrate on damping due to resonant absorption. We describe the latest analytical results obtained with the use of thin transition layer approximation, and then compare these results with numerical findings obtained for arbitrary density variation inside the flux tube. Very often collective oscillations of an array of coronal magnetic loops are observed. It is natural to start studying this phenomenon from the system of two coronal loops. We describe very recent analytical and numerical results of studying collective oscillations of two parallel homogeneous coronal loops. The implication of the theoretical results for coronal seismology is briefly discussed. We describe the estimates of magnetic field magnitude obtained from the observed fundamental frequency of oscillations, and the estimates of the coronal scale height obtained using the simultaneous observations of the fundamental frequency and the frequency of the first overtone of kink oscillations. In the last part of the review we summarise the most outstanding and acute problems in the theory of the coronal loop transverse oscillations.     

基于阵列天线的一种GPS多径抑制方法

为了抑制多径效应对GPS的严重影响,在分析了多径效应对伪码跟踪环路影响的基础上,提出了一种基于空间平滑的改进稳健波束形成算法来抑制GPS多径效应。以直线阵为基础,采用前后向空间平滑算法对阵列接收信号进行预处理,针对各种失配,采用改进的稳健波束形成算法进行处理。该方法既可以有效地抑制GPS多径效应,又可以有效地改善伪码跟踪环路的跟踪精度。仿真实验结果验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性,具有较高的工程实践价值。     

“T”型尾翼飞机的深失速特性研究

应用时间历程法讨论了“Ｔ”型尾翼飞机的深失速开环特性，分析了气动力矩特性和升降舵操纵规律对深失速改出特性的影响。建立了深失速闭环特性计算数学模型，分析了驾驶员数学模型参数变化对深失速特性的影响。研究结果表明，气动力矩特性，升降舵操纵规律和驾驶员模型参数的变化对“Ｔ”型尾翼飞机的深失速改出特性有显著的影响。     

高燃温喉栓式变推力固体火箭发动机试验

为研究高燃温推进剂下喉栓式固体火箭发动机推力控制,设计同轴式变推力固体火箭发动机试验系统,以混合式直线步进电机作为喉栓驱动系统,采用组合动密封方式,利用高燃温高压强指数推进剂进行点火试验,实现了燃烧室压强从12.1～2MPa的调节。试验结果发现喉栓头部烧蚀严重,对压强调节影响较大,针对喉栓烧蚀问题提出了减轻烧蚀思路,通过闭环控制方式控制喉栓运动,增加喉栓直径以及合理选择推进剂等可降低喉栓烧蚀,提高压强控制精度。     

A Delay-Lock Loop for Tracking Pulsed-Envelope Signals

A sampled-data delay-lock loop (SDDLL) which tracks the arrival time of a biphase modulated, pulsed-envelope RF signal is described. A pseudo-noise (PN) code generator is used as the modulation source as in conventional delay-lock loop tracking devices. Time base shifting of the loop's local clock is performed by digital means. The technique permits the use of a stable-frequency clock to maintain accurate timing between timing correction instants. An expression is derived for the standard deviation of the timing error due to additive Gaussian noise at the SDDLL input. Experimental results are then given which include the effects of control-system quantization error on timing jitter. Assuming that the errors due to input noise and quantized timing corrections are independent and additive, the theoretical and experimental results agree to within approximately one decibel.     

单载波干扰对星载扩频应答机码跟踪回路影响研究

扩频码同步是基于扩频体制卫星测控通信中的一项关键技术。研究单载波对星载扩频应答机中全时间超前-滞后非相干跟踪回路的影响,分析单载波干扰存在时跟踪抖动的恶化程度,给出相应的数学表达式,并进行了Matlab仿真。仿真结果表明：在一定的跟踪回路带宽下,恶化程度随着系统的扩频增益或频偏的增加而减小,并随着干信比的增加而增加。单载波干扰不变的前提下,恶化程度随着回路带宽的增加而增加。     

三角翼作俯仰运动时水洞测力和流动显示实验研究

基于水洞中三角翼模型的动态测力和流动显示实验,讨论了俯仰运动的起始角、运动幅度和运动速率对三角翼俯仰运动时的气动特性和流动结构的影响。三角翼的气动力在俯仰运动中会产生“迟滞”或“过冲”现象。中等攻角以上,上仰运动推迟了三角翼的失速,大幅度增大了三角翼的升力系数。俯仰运动起始角和运动幅度的影响大小与其对应的静态三角翼流态有关,三角翼在涡破裂流态和完全分离流态之间作俯仰运动时,上仰时升力系数将始终高于下俯时的升力系数,运动中存在显著迟滞。迟滞的大小也受俯仰速率的影响。     

Limit Cycle in a Four Sectors On-Off Tracking Loop

A simplified model of a bidimensional on-off tracking loop is introduced. By using geometric analysis in the time domain, it is shown that there is a simple mode of limit cycle which is stable in the loop for finite disturbances and for a finite range of change of the loop parameters. The consideration of the unsymmetric general case covers a wide class of cases in which the loop is subjected to constant velocity inputs. A nonfiltering assumption is defined which is needed to establish the connection between the simplified loop and practical systems. The main results are applied to a conventional symmetric loop. The analytic approach developed here is applicable as weil to loops in which the number of sectors is different from four and also to loops containing nonlinearities more complex than simple on-off, like hysteresis.     

基于干扰观测器的新一代歼击机鲁棒飞行逆控制器设计

基于干扰观测器设计了新一代歼击机的鲁棒飞行逆控制器。根据时标分离的原则，将机动飞机分为快慢不同的回路。采用动态逆方法设计了快回路和慢回路控制器，并在慢回路用干扰观测器估计飞机所受的扰动，同时，用于在线补偿动态逆误差。仿真结果表明，该设计合理。     

Third-Order Loop Filter Design for Acceleration-Rate Tracking

A perfect third-order loop filter design that can be implemented as a digital filter is obtained which minimizes the noiseless steady-state acceleration rate (jerk) error for a fixed loop noise bandwidth. Simulations were performed to obtain transient responses of the third-order loop plus a sample fourth-order loop under a jerk input. The results enable one to obtain a loop design that minimizes the loop noise bandwidth required for a given steady-state jerk error and thus obtain better noise jitter performance.     

Carrier loop architectures for tracking weak GPS signals

The performance of various carrier recovery loop architectures (phase lock loop (PLL), Doppler-aided PLL, frequency lock loop (FLL), and Doppler-aided FLL) in tracking weak GPS signals are analyzed and experimentally validated. The effects of phase or frequency detector design, oscillator quality, coherent averaging time, and external Doppler aiding information on delaying loss of lock are quantified. It is shown that for PLLs the metric of total phase jitter is a reliable metric for assessing low C/N performance of the tracking loop provided the loop bandwidth is not too small (~> 5 Hz). For loop bandwidths that are not too small, total phase jitter accurately predicts carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) at which loss of lock occurs. This predicted C/N is very close to the C/N predicted by bit error rate (BER). However, unlike BER, total phase jitter can be computed in real-time and an estimator for it is developed and experimentally validated. Total phase jitter is not a replacement for BER, since at low bandwidths it is less accurate than BER in that the receiver loses lock at a higher C/N than predicted by the estimator. Similarly, for FLLs operating at small loop bandwidths, it is found that normalized total frequency jitter is not a reliable metric for assessing loss of lock in weak signal or low C/N conditions. At small loop bandwidths, while total frequency jitter may indicate that a loop is still tracking, the Doppler estimates provided by the FLL will be biased.     

Threshold Investigation of Phase-Locked Discriminators

This paper is primarily an investigaton of a second-order phased-locked loop in the threshold region, with the loop filter chosen as (1/1+?s) or (1+?1s/1+?s). First-order loop results are also given. Effects of loop parameters, detuning error, and modulation are studied. It is shown that the loop with filter (1+?1s/1+?s) can be built two ways with same bandwidth and damping. One loop gives much better threshold than the other. The analytical results are supported by computer simulation as well as experimental work obtained by hardware simulation of the loop.     

亚音速反舰导弹末端机动与导引头匹配

应用变轨控制技术,设计了亚音速反舰导弹的侧向控制回路;误差分析和仿真结果表明:所设计的变轨控制系统具有较好的控制效果和良好的末端匹配性。     

基于调平回路的LESO抗干扰方法研究

针对平台台体转位过程中方位角速度对水平通道调平回路的干扰问题,提出了惯导平台调平回路抗干扰方法.将线性扩张状态观测器(LESO)应用于调平回路中,对干扰进行估计并实时补偿.基于调平回路模型,对LESO进行设计及仿真分析.仿真结果表明,LESO能准确估计干扰且动态补偿效果好,较原系统具有更强的抑制干扰能力.     

四相横向磁通永磁电机的三电平滞环电流控制

以新型四相横向磁通永磁电机为研究对象,利用MATLAB/Simulink软件平台以及Simpower System工具箱,对闭环控制系统进行了研究。在传统双闭环调速控制基础上,为滞环电流控制环引入零电平,将滞环分为上滞环和下滞环。综合考虑开关频率与电流THD确定合适的滞环环宽,并根据偏差电流值与滞环环宽比较值得到逆变器控制信号。通过仿真得到各种工况下的电机运行数据,说明该控制方法能够对四相横向磁通永磁电机进行有效控制。     

Investigations of Stability & Dynamic Performances of a Current-Injected Regulator

The stability and dynamic performances of a buck/boost regulator employing a current-injected control are examined. Small-signal models for the power state, the multiloop error processor, and the duty-cycle pulse modulator are developed. The error-processor model which incorporates the current-injected loop, the dc loop, and the compensation network permits evaluation of the effects of each individual control loop and their combined efforts toward shaping the performance characteristics of the closed-loop system. Comparisons are made between this modeling approach and earlier approaches. Some important yet subtle dissimilarities are discussed. This model predicts the constant-frequency 50-percent duty-cycle instability which is inherent to the current-injected control.     

非稳定动态过程非定常气动力建模

现有的大迎角非定常气动力建模方法，通常是以一个或多个频率的稳定振动试验数据来预测稳定滞环。然而，飞机快速机动如过失速机动的过程，不可能是持续的稳定振动，而是一个非稳定的动态过程。因此，这个过程中的气动力不会达到稳定滞环，而是始终处于进入滞环的初始非稳定过程中。基于振动理论分析得出，非定常气动力的动态响应过程存在非稳定和稳定两个阶段，传统建模方法着眼于稳定阶段，而飞机的真实机动过程在非稳定阶段。设计了一种适于非线性系统辨识的激励输入，并以最小二乘支持向量机（LS-SVM）方法为例，实现了在大迎角区幅值和频率范围内任意运动的非定常气动力建模。模型训练完成后，用来预测某机翼在不同基准状态下大迎角范围内做俯仰运动时的升力系数、阻力系数和俯仰力矩系数。结果表明，不仅稳定滞环实现了准确预测，进入滞环的初始非稳定过程也得到了准确预测；此外，基准状态对气动力在初始非稳定过程中的特性存在明显影响。进一步的验证还表明，基于稳定滞环数据只能预测到稳定滞环，无法预测进入滞环的非稳定过程。     

基于FPGA的数字Costas环的设计与实现

通过对数字Costas环路原理的分析，提出了新的环路鉴相方式，且环路参数可根据锁定情况及时修改，确保锁相环路稳定工作。详细阐述了环路各部件的参数及电路设计。ChipScopePro实时观测FPGA内部信号和Matlab仿真结果表明．该Costas环路具有十分优良的性能。